Neijing puts forward the theory that "five grains are the nourishment, five animals are the benefits, five vegetables are the fillings, and five fruits are the help", which holds that five grains are the basic material for human survival, five animals nourish the essence of five internal organs, five vegetables nourish together, five fruits supplement nutrition, and all kinds of foods are reasonably matched to ensure the supply of necessary heat energy and various nutrients for diners.
Wugu nutrition
It is generally believed that "five grains" refer to all kinds of food crops, or "whole grains". "Five dishes" refers to all kinds of vegetables. "Five fruits" refers to all kinds of fruits.
Neijing holds that "five grains are nourishment", that is, five grains are the basic substance or basic nutrition to maintain human life activities. Although grain is the basic material to provide energy source, its fat and protein content is low, so it needs to be matched with other foods to maintain nutritional balance.
When eating cereal, you should pay attention to the fact that the processing should not be too fine and the soaking time should not be too long. It is advisable for each person to consume 250 ~ 400 g per day, and the thickness should be matched as much as possible; For legumes, it is advisable for each person to consume 30 ~ 50g of soybeans every day.
Five kinds of livestock behaviors
Animal foods, including livestock and poultry, aquatic products, eggs and milk, have high nutritional value and are one of the important sources of protein, vitamins and minerals for human beings. Among them, the amino acid composition of livestock and poultry food is close to the needs of human body, which is beneficial to make up for the shortage of lysine in plant food and is also a good source of trace elements such as iron, zinc and manganese, but its saturated fatty acid content is high, and it is easy to cause hyperlipidemia if eaten too much.
Aquatic food is an excellent source of dietary protein, which is rich in zinc. Among them, cod liver oil is an important source of vitamin A and vitamin D, which is beneficial to maintaining eyesight.
The amino acid composition of eggs is the closest to that of human tissue protein, and it is the protein with the highest biological value among natural foods. Its vitamin content is also extremely rich, and its varieties are relatively complete, including all B vitamins, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and trace vitamin C.
Milk food is an important source of calcium, riboflavin and protein, which helps to promote the absorption of calcium and also plays an important role in the balance of intestinal flora.
Therefore, we should focus on lean meat and eat less fat or meat oil. It is advisable for each person to eat 25 ~ 50g of animal meat, 50 ~ 75g of poultry meat, 50 ~ 100g of aquatic products and 20 ~ 50g of eggs every day. Daily intake of fresh milk is not less than 300g, or intake of dairy products equivalent to 300g of fresh milk.
"Five animals are beneficial" means that animal food is a supplement to life nutrition.
Five plates of stuffing
Vegetables are plant foods that can be used for cooking. They are low-energy foods, which can provide people with a variety of vitamins except vitamin D and vitamin Bl. They are rich in vitamin C and carotene, but the content of B vitamins is not high, and the quality of minerals they contain is not as good as that of animal foods, such as iron and calcium, and their absorption and utilization rate is low. Vegetables are also the main source of dietary fiber. "Five dishes are a supplement to human functional nutrition, which can nourish the human body, enrich the dirty qi, and make all kinds of nutrition in the body more perfect and rich. It is advisable for each person to consume 300 ~ 500 grams of vegetables every day. Fruit can provide rich vitamin C and carotene, and it is also a good source of dietary fiber, which is of great benefit to a balanced diet.
Five kinds of fruits for help
Neijing says that "five fruits are helpful", which means that five fruits are nutritional subsidies for life activities. It is advisable for each person to consume 200 ~ 400 grams of fruit every day.
We have a variety of diets, and the nutritional content of each food is different. No food can provide all the nutrients the human body needs. Therefore, the daily diet must be reasonably matched with a variety of foods to meet the human body's demand for various nutrients and achieve the purpose of health care and disease prevention.
Neijing said: "I want to adjust the five flavors and balance the five internal organs." Advocate the comprehensive collocation of whole grains, so as to achieve the mutual supplement of nutritional components, enhance the nutritional value of food, replenish the five internal organs and complete the whole process of human growth.