Throughout Su Shi's life, his career has been ups and downs and unpredictable, but it is really rare that he can be calm and open-minded and shine more brightly in adversity. However, the formation of his detached and frank personality and a large number of rich and distinctive poetry creations can be said to be closely related to his relegation and physical and mental experience. Therefore, studying the influence of relegation on Su Shi and his poetry creation will help us better understand Su Shi's unique personality charm, life perception and his poetry creation.

First, the influence of relegation on Su Shi's temperament and hobbies

When Su Shi was young, he worshipped Fan Pang, a famous upright and upright person in the Eastern Han Dynasty. 265,438+0 years old, a high school scholar, embarked on a career. He deeply realized a series of internal and external crises lurking behind the scene of peace in the Northern Song Dynasty, and put forward reform measures to teach hundreds of officials, stabilize people's hearts, enrich materials and train soldiers. He never "follows the crowd", but decides his words and deeds according to the actual situation and his own views. At the beginning of his official career, Wang Anshi was at the time of political reform. Considering the actual situation at that time, Su Shi disagreed with some measures taken by Wang Anshi, so he was dismissed from office. Later, someone in Yushitai had ulterior motives. Luo Zhi was accused of slandering the imperial court with poetry, and was arrested and imprisoned for "Wutai Poetry Case". After he was released from prison, he was demoted to be the deputy envoy who should stay in Huangzhou forever. After Zhezong ascended the throne, the Empress Dowager came to power. Su Shi was recalled to the court because he belonged to the "old party" and was the official of the Chinese book. However, because he learned many benefits of the new law during his relegation, he did not agree with Sima Guang and others who advocated the abolition of the new law, so he was released to the outside world and served as a magistrate in Dingzhou, Hangzhou and Yangzhou. After the death of Empress Dowager Gao, Zhe ruled the country and the "New Party" came back to power. Su Shi was persecuted again, first in Huizhou and then in Qiongzhou (now Hainan Island). It can be said that before Wutai Poetry Case, Su Shi was basically a pure Confucian personality and scholar personality. During this period, he thought about governing the world and exploring life. Although he is gestating new factors, he has not made a breakthrough. However, Su Shi's complacent and open-minded temperament and mentality were finally formed after hard life, hard life and physical and mental experience.

During his relegation to Huangzhou, Huizhou and Qiongzhou, life was particularly hard, but it was in this difficult environment that Su Shi's temperament became more free and frank. When he first arrived in Huangzhou, Su Shi was poor and sick, and he was down and out. He said twice that he was "poor to the bone", and in his letters to friends, he repeatedly said that he was sick in his right eye for half a year. "Dumen fasted as a monk and wanted to die." Especially when I was demoted to Lingnan, my life was particularly embarrassing. The conditions in Huizhou are really hard. In addition to the ubiquitous pressure from the imperial court (moving to the Jianglou building many times), the old, the weak, the sick, the sleepy material life, the relatively backward cultural environment in Lingnan area and the popular scabies are all threatening his survival. His Harmony with the Poor Pottery said that his life was difficult: "I didn't know that I could eat when I fell down in the river and the sea in England. Dressed up as the Double Ninth Festival, you will be miserable at the age of eight, and it will be cold. No clothes, no wine? I'm ashamed. It is a pity to live in poverty. These two things are related. " The poet was demoted to his later years, living in the river and sea, with food and clothing embarrassed and hungry. There is also "Twilight Works of He Tao and Zhang Changshi", saying that it is necessary to make wine with rice, and the rice is exhausted, sighing without wine. It can be seen that his life is quite embarrassing, and food and clothing have become a problem. Especially when exiled to Hainan, the living conditions were even worse. Dongpo said in a letter to a friend: "There is no meat to eat here, no medicine for illness, no room to live in, no friends to go out, no charcoal in winter, no cold spring in summer, but it is not easy to get it all, and the rate is deaf." Its bad degree can be seen. Besides, he is old and ill. In Danzhou's "Vertical Pen", there is "the lonely sick man on Dongpo, and the white beard is full of frost." Children mistakenly like Zhu Yan? You can tell it's burgundy when you smile! Date of submission: July-August, 2009 Author's brief introduction: Wang Xiaowan (197 1 1), male, from Youxi, Fujian, master's degree, senior middle school teacher. The fifth issue? Wang Xiaowan: The influence of relegation on Su Shi and his poetry creation is not as good as a pearl, half a month of drunkenness and depression. Tomorrow the host will be a sacrificial stove, and only a cockfighting wine can make me fat. "All these fully demonstrated the poverty and illness of Su Shi during his relegation.

In the face of difficulties, Dongpo did not feel depressed. What impressed him most was that he was good at adversity. For example, after arriving in Huangzhou, I lived in Dinghuiyuan, moved my family to Lingaoge, and worried about hunger and cold, so I had to live frugally. Later, Ma Zhengqing, a scholar, asked the government for a piece of wasteland of tens of acres, so he cultivated it himself and planted some japonica rice, jujube and millet to solve his embarrassment. This land is called Dongpo. At this time, Su Shi, who claimed to be a "Dongpo layman", had lived a life of "ploughing the fields" and had some experience and reasonable arrangements on how to open up wasteland for planting. He often communicates with old farmers. However, Su Shi is by no means a farmer in the general sense. Looking at Dongpo's eight poems, his basic state of mind is a kind of quiet pleasure, without sorrow, resentment and sorrow. Instead, he gained some knowledge and unprecedented feelings from his work. This is not hypocrisy, but from the heart, so he is so pure and fresh. When there is rain after a long drought, or when the farm is busy, he always describes it with a happy mood: "There were clouds in Nanshan last night, and it began to rain outside a plow. If you find the reason, you will blaspheme and know that I am ignorant. Mud Qin has perennial roots, one inch alone. When the snow buds move, the spring pigeons will be fine. " Exquisite, bright and harmonious. These fresh and substantial poems have neither the Taoist charm of Tao Qian's "Seeing Nanshan leisurely" nor the Zen meaning of Wang Wei's "The Empty Mountain seems to be empty", but they are both persistent and beyond reality. Su Shi is not only diligent in pursuing reality and loving life, but also can get rid of secular prejudice and realize the existence of life ontology from real life. In Su Shi's view, this kind of labor is not only different from the secluded pastoral style of general Taoism, but also different from the cramped life that Confucianism has to do when it is down and out. It is a comfortable and natural life experience, free from secular utility and physical pain. Therefore, it has a metaphysical significance initially, which has opened up a road for his aesthetic life realm in Lingnan period.

In addition to solving the material life dilemma by personal borrowing land for farming, it is more important to be healthy and optimistic. The method is to cultivate one's morality and understand Buddhism. When he arrived in Huangzhou, he wrote a letter saying that he had borrowed three Dojo in Tianqingguan, and was going to retreat for 49 days after the winter solstice. At the same time, he said, "You don't have to study in seclusion. Buddhist scriptures are the road to the sun." At that time, the most prosperous Buddhism was Zen, and Su Shi was listed as a disciple of the Huanglong School of Zen Lin Ji School. In fact, he has a lot of contacts with Yunmen Sect and even monks outside Zen Buddhism. Although his contact with Buddhism and Taoism did not start from the period of relegation, his relegation life really deepened his cultivation in this respect and was very helpful for his psychological adjustment. He wrote many poems in the language of Buddhism and Zen, telling the truth of Buddhism and Zen. For example, "I just want to go to the right, but I don't want to go to the left without a wind wheel." "Look down at me, and the four sides are in the same water." The words "wind wheel" and "water sky" are both words in the Shurangama Sutra. He also made friends with elders and Taoists. It can be seen from the poems "Eight Poems of Two Rhymes for the Elder" and "Meeting with the Master of Wisdom in Guo Gongfu" that he often visits with the Master of Wisdom and learns from each other. Especially when he was in Huizhou and Hainan, facing the harsh living environment, he had a deeper understanding of Buddhism and Taoism, freed himself from pain with the Buddhist theory of emptiness of life, kept his head clear and made his life poetic. It also uses Taoist longevity to help preserve health, looks back at the origin of life and consciously guards the noble personality. This is a good understanding of why he pursues Tao Yuanming's life and poetic realm so much. He wrote a lot of Hetao poems, * * * 100. He hopes to make full use of his poems. In Huang Tingjian's words, it means "have a full meal in Huizhou and be careful of his poems." For example, He Tao's Poor Man, He Tao's Return to Hometown, He Tao's Idle for Nine Days, He Tao's Return to the Garden, He Tao's Antique, He Tao's Quit Drinking, He Tao's Six Poems to Encourage Agriculture and so on. Generally speaking, Su Shi's life distress in adversity has many similarities with Yuanming. His works with Tao show us his yearning for Tao Yuanming's life and poetic realm, and he also gets a lot of comfort in his poems with Tao, which makes him better maintain his noble personality in adversity.

During his relegation, he lived a leisurely life, and his ambition could not be realized, so he had to drink to amuse himself. Su Shi's love for wine is similar to that of Tao Qian and Ruan Ji. It is often seen from his poems that he is often immersed in drunkenness: "The real taste in drinking is that the older you get, the stronger you wake up when you are drunk. It's terrible." Often drink alone: "When I wake up, I dream of a tree, and I have nothing to say at the end." Don't sigh when drinking alone, sir. Luckily, you caught a glimpse of the moon. Although the poet is free and easy, on the other hand, he also shows us his loneliness and loneliness: "Dance for three, stop for a glass and ask for silence. "He also made his own wine. After he learned to brew mead in Huangzhou, he wrote: "Only by pulling snow through clouds can you get rich and the bees get drunk, sir. Rice hangs down under the wheat, yin and yang are sufficient, and the utensils are fresh. At dawn, my face was red and dizzy, and the spring breeze was silent. The world is really old and famous for Qingzhou. " Because Su Shi drank too much, and his illness became worse, Su Zhe advised him to give up drinking, so he had "From now on, don't worship Du Kang. Soon, he began to drink again and brewed his own "East Gate" wine. When drinking, he tried to taste it and got drunk. Generally speaking, wine is Su Shi's indispensable companion.

In short, it is precisely because of the hard life of relegation that Su Shi's temperament gradually became broad-minded, and his "seclusion" was broken, and he no longer paid attention to secular utilitarianism and adhered to traditional values. He integrated Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, created a new way of life, absorbed Confucianism's persistence in reality and abandoned Confucianism's pursuit of utility; Absorbed the broad-minded and spiritual freedom of Taoism, and abandoned its laziness and inaction; It absorbs Buddhism's perception of life, pursues the detached side of the soul and abandons the negative side of life. Therefore, Su Shi moved from real life to aesthetic life step by step, and put the suffering of real life. 98 ? Journal of Kaili University? The 27 volumes are insoluble in the invisible, not pretending to die, but enjoying a miserable life and finally completing it.

The second is the influence of relegation on Su Shi's poetry content and creative techniques.

First of all, the relegation gave Su Shi the opportunity to visit mountains and rivers, places of interest and historical sites, and to understand and blend in with local customs, so that he left many poems with rich themes and diverse genres while feeling the ups and downs of life and the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers.

On the way to the detention center, he traveled and left behind sentimental works. For example, I demoted Huangzhou for the first time and stayed in Huainan Village at dusk. I wrote "Crossing the Huaihe River" and expressed "Where is Huangzhou? Imagine Yun Mengze. That kind of life is like listening to the ear. I don't know what to do at first, and I feel unpredictable about the future. When I visited Jingju Temple, I had the idea that "I would like to go from the second saint to the point where a thousand people point". When I crossed the ridge of spring breeze, I saw plum blossoms. After describing "Among the Thorns of Plum Blossoms", I expressed the feeling that "who comforts the wine deeply, relieves boredom and makes me more worried". I came from the situation of lonely plum blossoms. Later, he was demoted to Huizhou and Hainan, and his works were more abundant. When crossing Cihu Lake, there is a saying that "lying down and watching the moon set, breathing the breeze and half-sailing". And the feeling that there are no steep rocks in the world are consistent with the author's tired relegation and hardship at that time. Passing through Hukou, a cloud said, "Nine Flowers and a Pot of Poetry": "Qingxi Dianguan Yunfeng, the dream was still shocked. "I feel lonely when I miss my hometown, but I said," It's too lonely to miss the enemy pool, and I will buy a hundred gold. "It shows his detachment, but Su Shi's mood during the trip is still relatively melancholy, and the uncertainty about the future makes him unable to completely surpass it. For example, when I passed by Nankang, I saw that Changhu Lake was "depressed" and sent a message that "Xu Guoxin is still there, but Kangshi's skills are empty". Min 'e's home is Wan Li, and she was too old to go back to her hometown. In 2000, she forced Sang Yu, but there was no way to save the situation, so the idea of returning home came to her. This kind of work that expresses feelings through external things is often seen during this trip, but it is useless and helpless to sigh sadly and feel that your life has fallen. Although there is such a sinister environment as "fear of the beach", I will eventually cheer up and let myself have a better attitude to face the danger. When crossing Dayuling, there is a kind of "clean heart, clean body and mind". Between heaven and earth, I am the only one. "motivate yourself. Generally speaking, on the way to the relegated mansion, Su Shi traveled all over the mountains and rivers and all over the historical sites in You Mingsheng, seeing the reality more clearly and feeling confused about life. Finally, he wrote it in the poet's unique way of expression.

When he arrived at the detention center, he saw a brand-new picture of life. I don't know whether he came to the detention center as a guilty minister, or whether he will be an ordinary person forever, or whether he has a chance. Su Shi faced it with a rather complicated mood, but his love for life also made him quickly integrate into his new life, gradually calmed his heart and faced it with a detached attitude, and created many poems expressing local products and characteristics. When I first arrived in Huangzhou, there was "the Yangtze River around the country knows the beauty of fish, and the bamboo sea and the mountains feel the fragrance of bamboo shoots." I began to like local products and life. When I arrived in Huizhou, I felt more cordial: "It seems that I have been dreaming, and I am very happy to meet Xinfeng. What is it that the officials and the people are sitting in shock, and the father and the old man are facing each other? Every household in Lingnan will have guests when spring comes. " Along the way, he was constantly introduced to the beauty of Huizhou's customs. When he arrived in Huizhou, he was welcomed by the officials and people, which made him feel that he had found a home. Lingnan is rich in products. Su Shi tasted litchi here and was famous for winning the imperial concubine's smile. "Seamount fairy blushing giggle, white as jade skin wearing red yarn. You don't have to wait for the princess to laugh. Your personality is naturally beautiful. I don't know if it was god's intention, so I sent this stunner to the cape. " Eating lychee also gives you another pleasure. Litchi is so beautiful and noble in his works, and its "thick taste" and "high taste" are just metaphors of Su Shi's personality. The south, far away from the imperial court and free from wind and frost, is Su Shi's real home. In my spare time, I often wander around and enjoy the surrounding scenery. For example, "Ding Huiyuan Occasional Living in the Moonlight Night" has "jagged jade and jade flying wood powder, and cigarettes are lingering under the moon. Jiang Yuntian is really charming, and the bamboo dew is silent and rich. I am already weak, and there is still a plum. " Although the poet is worried about being grateful every year and wants to "thank his wife behind closed doors", he has to be attracted by this strong spring. In particular, it describes Jing Yun in Siwangting after the rain: "After the rain, duckweeds gather and frogs sound all over the neighborhood. Begonia is like a dream, and plums want to taste new things. Picking vegetables with a stick, but no one was seen on the swing. Qinmu Peony, alone in the village. " The scene of sunny days after rain in late spring and early summer is picturesque and quite ambiguous.

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