Angelica sinensis, whose roots can be used as medicine, is one of the commonly used Chinese medicines. Alias Gan Gui, Qin Na, Danggui, Min Danggui, Jin Danggui, Shen Danggui, etc.

: perennial herbs 0 10 to 10 10. Stems erect, purplish, with obvious vertical grooves, glabrous. The leaves are 2~3 odd pinnate compound leaves, and the leaf sheath is enlarged; The leaf blade is oval, with 3 pairs of leaflets, a pair of sessile near the top, divided into 1~2, and the edge of the lobe is notched. Compound umbel, terminal, with 10~ 14 umbels of different lengths, with 2 linear involucres or missing involucres at the base; Bracteoles 2-4, linear; Each umbel has 12~36 flowers, and the umbel is densely villous; Calyx teeth 5, finely ovate; Petals 5, white, rectangular, apex narrow and slightly folded inward; Stamens have inflexed filaments; The ovary is inferior and the style base is conical. The double fruit is oval, with 5 fruit edges, the trailing edge is raised linearly, the lateral edge develops into wide and thin wings, the edge is lavender, and the back is flat. It blooms in July and bears fruit in August-September.

Growth environment and distribution

Angelica sinensis is a low-temperature and long-day crop, which likes cold climate and grows in cold and humid places at an altitude of1800 ~ 2500m. The bolting rate is high in low altitude areas, and it is not easy to cross the summer. Seedlings like shade, with light transmittance 10{BF}, avoiding direct sunlight; Adult plants can withstand strong light.

Native to West Asia, Europe and North America, it is widely cultivated. China is mainly produced in the southeast of Gansu, mainly in Min County, with high output and good quality, followed by Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei and other provinces.

morphological character

Slightly cylindrical, with 3~5 or more branches at the lower part, with a length of 15~25cm. The surface is yellowish brown to brown, with longitudinal wrinkles and long transverse lenticels. Root diameter1.5 ~ 4cm, ring-shaped, blunt upper end, stem and leaf sheath kept purple or yellow-green; The surface of the main root is uneven; The root diameter is 0.3~ 1cm, thick at the top and thin at the bottom, with many twists and a few fibrous root marks. Flexible, with yellow-white or yellow-brown cross section, thick skin, cracks and many brown punctate secretory cavities, light wood and yellow-brown cambium. Strong aroma, sweet, pungent and slightly bitter.

Identification method of angelica sinensis

In recent years, based on the study of chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Angelica sinensis, its medicinal fields have been continuously expanded, and some health foods and cosmetics made from Angelica sinensis have been put into the market and favored. Because of this, its price has also increased to a certain extent, with the market price ranging from 28 yuan/kg to 65 yuan/kg.

In contrast, the price of living alone is lower, about 12 yuan/kg. Some "black-hearted" businessmen aim at human psychology. They don't understand that the convenience of living alone is similar to that of angelica, so as to make a profit.

According to a professional who has been engaged in planting Angelica sinensis for many years, we can identify Angelica sinensis from its cross section: the cork layer is a series of cells, the cork inner layer is narrow, and there are a few oil chambers; The phloem is wide and fractured, and the oil chamber and tubing are round, with large outside and small inside, surrounded by 6-9 secretory cells. Forming a cambium ring; The ducts are scattered or gathered into 2-3 strips, which are arranged radially; Parenchyma cells contain starch granules.

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Medicinal material characters

1. Danggui

From Angelica sinensis of Umbelliferae, also known as Angelica sinensis, Angelica japonica and Angelica Yanbian. Angelica sinensis is used as medicine in some parts of Northeast China, and the Korean people in Jilin think its efficacy is similar to Angelica sinensis. Angelica sinensis is used as a herbal medicine in Japan and Korea. Its root is shorter than Angelica sinensis, its surface is yellow-brown or brown, and it has fine longitudinal wrinkles and laterally protruding lenticels. The taproot is short, the ring pattern is fine, the diameter is 1.5-3cm, there are petiole and stem base marks at the top, there are many depressions in the center, and the branches are more than 10. The texture is firm and crisp, the section is white, and the wood is yellow-white or yellow-brown. Aromatic, sweet

It is the root of Angelica sinensis in Umbelliferae. This product was introduced from Bulgaria on 1957. It is different from Angelica sinensis in nature and pharmacological action, and has adverse reactions that Angelica sinensis does not have, so it cannot be mixed with Angelica sinensis for medicinal purposes. When the root in Europe is conical, the head of the root is enlarged, and more than two root heads have transverse rings. The surface is grayish brown or grayish yellow, and scars after lateral root cutting can be seen. Dry, oily, slightly tough, easily broken. There are cracks in the yellow-white section, and the yellow-white wood has radial texture. The smell is cloudy, slightly sweet at first, and then the tongue is spicy.

3. Wild Angelica sinensis in Yunnan

The root of Angelica yunnanensis in Umbelliferae. It is also called angelica in Yunnan. Its function is similar to that of Angelica sinensis, and it is used as medicine in some parts of Yunnan. Its roots are conical with few branches, and its surface is brown, reddish brown or dark brown. There are stem marks or stem residues at the top, and transverse ring patterns at the root cap. There are longitudinal wrinkles and lenticels on the surface. Hard, yellow and white in cross section. It has a fragrance similar to Angelica sinensis, slightly sweet and slightly bitter.

4. Angelica dahurica

The root of Angelica dahurica in Umbelliferae. Also known as living in the northeast. Angelica sinensis was introduced and misused in Hunan and Sichuan. Its taproot is short, with several branches, brown or yellow surface, dry texture and spicy taste.

5. Peucedanum praeruptorum

The root of Peucedanum praeruptorum in Umbelliferae, also known as Radix Notopterygii and wild Angelica sinensis. Peucedanum praeruptorum is actually a real medicinal Peucedanum praeruptorum. Its taproot is irregularly conical, 3-6 cm long and 1.8-2 cm in diameter. The surface is brown, with longitudinal wrinkles, leaf base marks at the top and several branches and roots at the bottom, 6-9 cm long and 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter. There are longitudinal wrinkles and transverse lenticels on the surface. Hard and easy to break, the section is brown, the wood is yellow-brown, and some sections are light in color. It has a fragrance, but it is different from Angelica sinensis and slightly spicy.

live alone

The root of Angelica sinensis in Umbelliferae is angelica pubescens. Its roots are slightly cylindrical, with 2-3 or more branches at the lower part. The root is swollen, conical and wrinkled. The surface is grayish brown or brown, with longitudinal wrinkles, laterally raised lenticels and thin root marks. It is hard, but it becomes soft when it is wet. The cut skin is grayish white, with scattered brown punctate oil cavities, and the wood is grayish yellow to yellowish brown, forming a brown layer. There is a special aroma, bitter but slightly numb on the tip of the tongue.

7. Living alone

The root of HKUST's loneliness. In some areas of Jilin, it is also called local angelica, wild angelica and fresh angelica. Zeng Danggui was used as medicine.

The root of Angelica dahurica is short and thick, with ring lines on the surface, leaf base marks at the top and several branches at the bottom. Longitudinal wrinkles and transverse lenticellate scars can be seen on the surface, and some brown sticky resinous substances can be seen. Crispy, gray-skinned yellow-white wood. Aromatic, slightly sweet and then hard.

Due to the complexity of plant species called Angelica sinensis or Angelica sinensis since ancient times, there are more than 20 species called Angelica sinensis in Umbelliferae and four or five species called Angelica sinensis in Araliaceae. In addition, the roots of plants such as Compositae, Polygonaceae and Ranunculaceae. It is also called Angelica sinensis in some areas. In the face of such a complicated situation, we should master the color, fragrance and taste of genuine angelica.

Variety classification

Breeding, direct seeding or transplanting seedlings with seeds.

1. Seed propagation

When the seeds germinate well, it is advisable to sow about 7.5 kilograms per mu and soak the seeds for 24 hours before sowing. There are two kinds of sowing: drilling and sowing. Sowing is to spread seeds evenly on the flat border, cover the border with fine fertile soil of about 0.5 cm, and cover the seeds well. Sowing is horizontal, with a row spacing of 20 kilometers and a depth of 3-5 cm. The seeds are evenly scattered in the furrow, covered with fertile fine soil, and the seeds are invisible.

2. On-site communication

At present, in the production of Angelica sinensis, the sowing date is directly based on different sowing dates.

Direct seeding can be divided into drill seeding and hole seeding, and hole seeding is the best method. The hole spacing is 27 cm, the holes are dug in a zigzag shape, the depth is 3-5 cm, the hole bottom is flat, and each hole is seeded radially 10. After a little compaction, cover it with fine fertile soil, 1-2 cm thick. Finally, flatten the bed surface and cover it with fallen leaves to moisturize. Sowing refers to cutting furrows horizontally on the whole bed surface, with a depth of 5 cm and a spacing of 30 cm. The seeds are evenly scattered in the ditch. Seedlings can be fixed when the seedling height is 10cm, and 1-2 plants are left in each hole, with the spacing between plants about 5cm; Sow at intervals of 20 cm.

Spring direct seeding: Spring direct seeding is a cultivation method of sowing in early spring and harvesting before winter. Because it was planted and harvested in the same year, it did not go through winter and could not meet the requirements of low temperature in vernalization period, so it would not germinate prematurely. Because the growth period of direct seeding in spring is too short, the yield is low, but under better cultivation conditions, it can also obtain higher yield.

Winter direct seeding: Winter direct seeding refers to sowing before winter, wintering in soil and harvesting in late autumn of the following year. Because the seeds are still in the state of non-germination during wintering, they cannot accept the qualitative change in vernalization stage caused by low temperature in winter, so bolting can also be prevented in advance. Because live broadcast in winter is sowing in winter. Emerge in early spring and have a long growing period. Under the condition of better seedling protection, the yield is higher than that of direct seeding in spring. Direct seeding cultivation techniques in spring and winter are generally the same as those in autumn except for different sowing dates.

3. Transplantation and reproduction

Angelica sinensis is generally planted in spring, and the time is appropriate before and after Qingming. In the early stage, the seedlings are vulnerable to late frost after being unearthed; It's too late, the seedlings have sprouted, which is easy to damage the buds and reduce the survival rate. Planting methods are divided into hole planting and ditch planting.

Planting holes: dig holes in the flat and raked planting land in a triangle, with the row spacing of 33cm27cm27cm and the hole depth of 15cm. Then plant a big one, a middle one and a small one in each pit, arrange them in zigzag, and compact them while covering the soil. When the soil is covered to a half hole, gently lift the seedlings upward, stretch the root system, then cover the soil, and apply a proper amount of fire soil ash or soil miscellaneous fertilizer to cover the root neck of the seedlings with fine soil for 2-3 cm.

Planting: make a horizontal ditch with a distance of 40cm and a depth of 15cm on the completed border, and put it into the ditch at small, medium and small intervals according to the planting distance of 3-5cm, with the rhizome 2cm below the border and the soil covering 2-3cm.

I. The origin of the name

1. The ancients got married and had children. Angelica regulating blood is a good medicine for women, which means missing her husband. Therefore, it has the name of Angelica sinensis. Flax in Tang poetry has no seeds, but when it comes back, it will never come back.

2. Angelica sinensis is effective in treating postpartum hemoptysis of pregnant women; If qi and blood disorder occurs, it can reduce the disorder after taking it, so that qi and blood can return to their places, hence the name Angelica sinensis.

3. Judging from the place names, the main producing area of Angelica sinensis is Min County, Gansu Province. In the Tang Dynasty, Min County was called Dangzhou, because before the Tang Dynasty, this area was full of people who burned party guns. There is a local specialty called Qi, which is Angelica sinensis. In ancient times, "Qi" and "Gui" had the same sound, so it was called Angelica sinensis.

Second, cultural stories.

There are three legends about the name of Angelica sinensis. According to legend, belonging can regulate qi and nourish blood, so that qi and blood can return to each other, hence the name Angelica. In Pharmacopoeia, Li Shizhen said that the ancients married to carry on the family line. Angelica sinensis regulates blood for women to take medicine, which means missing her husband, hence its name. it is

After receiving the letter, Jiang Wei understood the meaning of it. But he repeatedly believed that Shu Han was orthodox, and Zhuge Liang trusted and valued himself very much. He thought that when the Central Plains was unified, it would be the day of mother-child reunion. At that time, if he resigns and goes back to his hometown to serve his mother, it will be filial piety. No, isn't this better? So, he wrote back to his mother, attaching some medicinal materials and telling his ambition: fertile land is a hundred hectares, not an acre; But the vision is not in Angelica. There is nothing better for Jiang's mother than her mother. She received a letter from her son, and said very understandably that her son had a long-term vision and her mother wanted nothing.

Later, Wei repeatedly forced Jiang Xiahou's mother to write a letter and advised Jiang to abandon Shu as Wei, but Jiang refused. After Jiang died, Shu people admired him very much and built a temple in Jiangge, where he had been stationed for many years. Also known as Jianggong Temple, there is Li Anyun in the temple:

Xiongguan is majestic, heroic, straight and enthusiastic, heroic and heroic;

There is water and mountains, and the sun sets, sending angelica in the air.