(1) Prevent and avoid various causes. At present, it is considered that leukemia is related to physical, chemical, genetic and biological factors, and these factors should be avoided and prevented in the prevention of leukemia.
First of all, we should strengthen labor protection and reduce close contact with rays and poisons. Some chemicals have the possibility of leukemia, especially benzene and its derivatives can cause leukemia, so it reduces the exposure and inhalation of benzene in related industries such as footwear industry. Some drugs, such as chloramphenicol, ethyldimorpholine and ethylimine, can cause leukemia, and cytotoxic drugs, such as alkylating agents, can cause secondary leukemia. We should try to avoid using these drugs that may cause leukemia. In daily life, we should avoid living in newly renovated houses and reduce the use of hair dyes and cosmetics containing toxic chemicals, especially those with allergies and skin lesions.
Breathe more fresh air and avoid contact with toxic gases, pesticides and insecticides.
Secondly, we should strengthen environmental protection, control environmental pollution and strictly control industrial "three wastes"
Discharge, control the leakage of poisons and rays. At present, the pathogenic effect of virus has become a research hotspot, so proper exercise, improving disease resistance and avoiding virus infection are also important factors to prevent leukemia. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that "evil combination leads to qi deficiency", and heat-clearing and tonifying Chinese medicine has advantages in antivirus. Once a virus infection occurs, it can be treated with traditional Chinese medicine.
Some patients with certain blood diseases may eventually develop leukemia. Such as polycythemia vera, primary thrombocytosis, myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Especially when the disease is not well controlled and treated with cytotoxic drugs or immunosuppressants, the conversion rate increases. In addition, secondary leukemia after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for solid tumors is increasing year by year, so actively controlling related diseases and avoiding excessive radiotherapy and chemotherapy are also effective measures to prevent these diseases from turning into leukemia.
During the intermittent period of chemotherapy and the stable period of illness, leukemia patients should do according to their abilities, exercise properly, promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, relax muscles and tendons, strengthen their physique, improve their disease resistance, promote digestive function and increase their appetite. In the case of adequate sleep and rest, you can take outdoor walks, brisk walking, jogging, playing Tai Ji Chuan, Baduanjin and so on. , or at home flowers, engaged in light and moderate housework.
(2) Early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, regular consolidation and reinforcement, and maintenance of treatment to avoid disease recurrence. Understand the clinical manifestations or signs of leukemia in time. Once normal bone marrow hematopoietic cells are found to be reduced, red blood cells, neutrophils and platelets are reduced. You should see a doctor in time, have blood and bone marrow tests, make a definite diagnosis as soon as possible and treat it as early as possible.
At present, the recurrence of leukemia is an important factor affecting the long-term survival of patients. Leukemia recurrence is not only related to patient factors and disease factors, but also closely related to patients' compliance with treatment.
We should correctly understand leukemia, establish confidence and courage to overcome the disease, carry out relevant treatment on time, and conduct laboratory review regularly to avoid recurrence of the disease. Once it recurs, we should face it positively and carry out recurrence chemotherapy. At present, all kinds of leukemia have mature treatment guidelines and conventional treatment schemes. The general principle is to implement individualized diagnosis and treatment measures under the guidance of the guidelines. Individualized treatment should be carried out in strict accordance with these guidelines and norms in order to achieve better results and avoid recurrence. In addition, new therapies such as molecular targeted therapy, monoclonal antibody therapy and immunotherapy are constantly emerging, which should be appropriately applied according to the patient's condition, treatment situation and economic ability.
Traditional Chinese medicines include Ginseng, Astragalus, Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Epimedium, Radix Asparagi, Fructus Psoraleae, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, Atractylodis Rhizoma, etc. And intermittently give some detoxification and anticancer Chinese medicines such as Hedyotis diffusa, Scutellaria barbata, indigo naturalis, arsenic and so on. In order to further remove residual toxins, kill residual pathogens, mobilize the autoimmune monitoring system, and eliminate residual leukemia cells, thus reducing the recurrence of leukemia and obtaining long-term results.
Of course, we should pay attention to strengthening publicity and education to improve patients' understanding of the disease, so that they can not only realize the long-term and complexity of leukemia treatment and the necessity of insisting on post-remission treatment, but also establish patients' confidence in treatment, overcome psychological obstacles and overcome the disease mentally.
(3) Strengthen supportive treatment, pay attention to protection and avoid infection and bleeding. At the onset of leukemia or when the disease progresses or recurs, anemia, infection and bleeding may occur due to the decrease of hematopoietic cells in normal bone marrow and the impairment of the production of red blood cells, granulocytes and platelets. Leukemia itself is a wasting tumor disease. During the treatment, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation seriously affect the hematopoietic function, immunity and dietary nutrition of patients, which are more likely to lead to various infections and aggravate anemia and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, supportive treatment occupies a very important position and can be said to be the basis of leukemia treatment. We should actively strengthen supportive treatment, pay attention to the prevention and treatment of infection and bleeding, correct anemia, strengthen nutritional support, and apply immune enhancers to improve immunity when necessary.
Because leukemia patients with low immunity have atypical infection, they often only have fever. When non-infectious fever factors such as metabolic fever, drug fever and leukemia transfusion reaction are excluded, fever without any explanation can be clinically diagnosed as infectious fever if the body temperature exceeds 38℃ for more than two hours. While actively searching for infection evidence such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, related body fluid culture and lung imaging examination, we should infer possible pathogens as soon as possible according to the infection characteristics, infection sites and bacteriological monitoring data of wards, and apply anti-infection treatment. Generally, bacterial infections are considered first, followed by fungi, then viruses, and finally other special infections such as tuberculosis, pneumocystis, mycoplasma and chlamydia are considered. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation infection is closely related to the transplantation time, so the time after transplantation is also an important reference for differential diagnosis.
At present, it is recognized that the immunity of leukemia patients is low, and preventive anti-infection treatment is needed in some special cases, especially for patients with long-term agranulocytosis or agranulocytosis undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Serious infection should be treated according to experience in time, and then adjusted according to the results of body fluids and other cultures for targeted treatment. If the effect of anti-infection treatment is not good, we should pay attention to the problems such as insufficient antibiotic concentration, poor drainage of focus, drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, double infection and low immunity of patients, and take timely measures to deal with them.
Patients with anemia and thrombocytopenia should be infused with red blood cells and platelets as appropriate, correct anemia and bleeding, supplement nutrition, maintain water, salt and acid-base balance, hydrate and alkalize during chemotherapy, and ensure targeted treatment.
(4) mental life conditioning. Patients with leukemia should treat their condition correctly, avoid mental stimulation and cooperate with medical staff for active treatment. Establish confidence in overcoming the disease, properly strengthen fitness activities during the remission period, continuously improve the disease resistance, and reduce recurrence until recovery. Prevention of TCM includes two aspects: pre-illness prevention and post-illness prevention. Externally, we should guard against the invasion of poisonous pathogens, try our best to avoid heat poison, warm poison, dirty water, polluted and rotten food, ionizing radiation and drug damage, pay attention to environmental hygiene and adapt to environmental changes. Internal emotional factors also have an important influence on the occurrence and development of leukemia. Fornication and overwork will consume essence, while damage to vital qi will easily lead to invasion of pathogenic factors. Therefore, moderate rest, moderate sexual intercourse and regular daily life can effectively prevent the recurrence of leukemia. Patients with leukemia should rest more, work less, relax their emotions, reduce their psychological burden, overcome their pessimism and actively cooperate with treatment, which is of positive significance to the prognosis of this disease.
During the treatment of leukemia, we should maintain emotional stability and optimism, so that the body is in a good state. The so-called "righteousness should be guarded internally, evil should not be done, God should be guarded internally, and illness should be safe."
(5) diet aftercare. Patients with leukemia should eat a light nutritious diet rich in calories, protein and vitamins, such as fresh milk, eggs and lean pork. But it is not advisable to eat leeks, garlic shoots and onions. Eat less cold, fried and fatty products, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, and eat less pickles or bacon and fish. Don't smoke and drink less. Fruits and vegetables must be washed repeatedly.
Diet therapy can be selected according to the condition, such as longan lotus seed porridge, anti-white drink, Guiqi black chicken soup and so on.
In chemotherapy, do not eat fat, sweet, thick, cold and spicy food, and do not eat light and digestible food.
After clinical remission, medicated diet therapy often focuses on strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney, and eggs, ribs, crucian carp soup and pork tripe can be eaten to enhance nutrition and improve disease resistance. Drugs and foods that can be used as dietotherapy include: Ginseng, Codonopsis pilosula, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Radix Astragali, Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Semen Euryales, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Placenta Hominis, Rhizoma Polygonati, Radix Ophiopogonis, lotus seed meat, squab, silky fowl, turtle and mutton. According to the various clinical manifestations of leukemia, choose foods that are helpful for anti-anemia, hemostasis, antipyretic and elimination of lymphadenopathy. Anti-anemia can be pig liver, mushroom, sesame, royal jelly, yellow croaker, peanut, sea cucumber, abalone, shark's fin, etc. Hemostasis can be made from mackerel, auricularia, Lentinus edodes, day lily, mushroom, grape, lotus root, shepherd's purse, etc. Fever can be reduced by fermented soybean, green onion, dried winter tea, ginkgo, plum, mung bean, garlic, turtle, laver, etc. The swollen lymph nodes can be taro, litchi, tripe, oyster, clam, lily, water chestnut, jellyfish, etc.