1, Tao Te Ching
Tao Te Ching is a philosophical work of Lao Zi (Li Er) in the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as Tao Te Ching, Lao Zi's Five Thousand Words and Lao Zi's Five Thousand Articles. It is a work before the separation of pre-Qin philosophers in ancient China and an important source of Taoist philosophical thoughts.
Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The first part of the original text is the Tao Te Ching, and the second part is the Tao Te Ching, without chapters. Later, it was changed to the Tao Te Ching in the first 37 chapters, and the Tao Te Ching in the last 38 chapters, divided into 8 1 chapters.
The text of Tao Te Ching takes "morality" in the philosophical sense as the main line, and discusses the ways of self-cultivation, governing the country, using troops and keeping in good health, but most of them aim at politics. It is the so-called "inner sage and outer king", known as the king of all classics, with profound meaning and wide tolerance.
Tao Te Ching is one of the greatest works in the history of China, which has a profound influence on traditional philosophy, science, politics and religion.
According to the statistics of UNESCO, the Tao Te Ching is the most widely translated and published cultural masterpiece except the Bible.
2. The Analects of Confucius
The Analects of Confucius is a collection of quotations from Confucius and his disciples, which was compiled by Confucius' disciples and re-disciples until the early Warring States period. The book * * * consists of 20 chapters and 492 sections. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles.
This book is one of the Confucian classics, and it is also called "Four Books" with Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius. Together with The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu, they are called "Four Books and Five Classics".
The Analects of Confucius has three versions in ancient times: ancient theory, Lu theory and Qi theory. The Analects of Confucius, which is popular now, is a version formed by collating Lu Lun and Gu Lun.
3. Everything is wrong.
Han Feizi is a collection of works by Han Fei, a famous thinker and legalist in the Warring States Period. ? Han Feizi was compiled by later generations after Han Fei's death.
According to the Records of Han Literature and Art, there are 55 pieces of everything is done by Han Fei-zi, 20 volumes of Sui Shu's Annals of Classics, and seven records of Ruan Xiaoxu (or Liu Xiang's seven records) quoted by Zhang Shoujie in Historical Records of Justice are also called "20 volumes of everything is done by Han Fei-zi".
The number of articles and volumes are consistent with this edition, which shows that this edition is not incomplete. Many folklore and fables in the works at that time also became the source of idioms and allusions.
4. Sun Tzu's Art of War
Sun Tzu's Art of War, also known as Sun Wu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Wu's Art of War, is the earliest existing military works in China and the earliest military works in the world. It is about 2300 years earlier than clausewitz's On War, and is known as the "sacred book of military science". * * * about six thousand words, one article * * * thirteen articles. The author is Sun Wu, whose ancestral home is Le 'an, Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, and a general of Wu.
Sun Tzu's Art of War is a brilliant treasure in China's ancient military cultural heritage and an important part of excellent traditional culture. Its content is profound, its thought is profound, and its logic is rigorous, which is the concentrated embodiment of the essence of ancient military thought.
Sun Tzu's Art of War is regarded as a classic of military strategists. It has a history of 2500 years and has been studied in all dynasties. Li Shimin said, "Look at the art of war, there is no Sun Wu". Sun Tzu's art of war is a strategy, and strategy is not a trick, but a great strategy and great wisdom.
5. Warring States policy
The Warring States Policy is a national historical work, also known as the national policy. The book records the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and Qin, Qi, Chu, Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan, Song, Wei and Zhongshan countries.
Chronicles began in the early years of the Warring States and ended in the destruction of six countries by Qin, with a history of about 240 years. The Warring States Policy is divided into 12 strategies, 33 volumes and 497 articles, which mainly describes the political opinions and words and deeds strategies of lobbyists during the Warring States period, and can also be said to be a practical training manual for lobbyists.
The book also shows the historical characteristics and social features of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period, and is an important classic for studying the history of the Warring States Period. The ideological tendency of the book Warring States Policy was denounced by scholars of past dynasties for violating Confucian orthodoxy.
The Warring States Policy was once denounced as "heresy" and "fantastic book". "The Warring States policy is basically self-contained. His moral philosophy mostly adopts Taoism, and his social and political views are close to Legalism, but he is incompatible with Confucianism alone, so he is criticized by later scholars. "
The author is not a person, and writing a book is not an instant. Most of the authors in the book don't know who they are. Liu Xiang compiled thirty-three articles in the Western Han Dynasty, and the titles were also drawn up by Liu Xiang. Ceng Gong made up for the deficiency in the Song Dynasty.
There was a high lure note in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which is incomplete today. Song Baobiao changed the order of the original book and made new notes. Wu Shidao is the author of A Collation of the Warring States Policy, Jin has a supplementary explanation of the Warring States Policy in modern times, and Miao has a new collation of the Warring States Policy in modern times.
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