Gu Xichou's father, Gu Tianxu, said, "I have little ambition, and my service is to study the world, work articles and enjoy a good reputation. That's not what I mean." In the 16th year of Wanli (1588), he entered imperial academy, that is, he was recommended by his hometown, but he failed to take the exam for the last four times. Twenty-nine years later, he came and chose the county magistrate of Qianshan, which was later compiled into the county magistrate of Yuancheng. Politically, he is "upright, meticulous and resolute". Just as the "recommendation letter was handed over by the Taiwan Ministry", he was suddenly transferred to Jiayu County, so he "decided to come back" and abandoned his official position. After returning to his hometown, Gu Tianxu came to Guangfu Dengwei Mountain on the edge of Taihu Lake and built the "Evening Fragrant Forest" on the ancestral home side. People who haven't been to town for 30 years. When the Qing army entered the customs, Beijing and Jinling fell one after another, and national affairs were at stake. Gu Tianxu urged his son Gu Xichou to go south. Xichou was reluctant to part with his father because of his age. Gu Tianxu then said to his son: "I want to commit suicide, I will try my best;" You are yourself and you should do it. " Finally died at the age of 8 1.
Gu Xichou, a talented young man, was strictly educated by his father since childhood. He once said to himself: "People only know a certain ingredient, and the meaning can be counted every day. I don't know that every homework, my heart is chasing my pen, and my pen never stops. Xi has been like this since childhood. " 12 years old, became a student. His prose is widely circulated and is known as a "child prodigy". Shen Shixing, the predecessor of Suzhou and prime minister of the number one scholar, paid special attention to him and said with emotion, "This child's name is not under us!" So he betrothed his eldest granddaughter to him, but unfortunately Shen died prematurely. /kloc-When he was 0/3 years old, Gu Xichou went to Nanjing to take the provincial examination. "When I took the exam in the southern suburbs, Wei Xumou was surprised that I had a choice of an east bed." Xu is the tenth granddaughter of Xu Da, the king of Zhongshan.
In the forty-six years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 18), Gu Xichou "promoted Wei Bei as the second man". The following year, he failed to enter the imperial examination and chose Jishi Shu. Shi Jiji, a teacher at the Hanlin Academy, met Gu Xichou and praised him: "Ruiping is graceful and beautiful." In the first year of Taichang (1620), I asked for leave to go back to my hometown. Three years after the apocalypse (1623), the next year will be reviewed. In the fourth year of the Republic of China, Gu Xichou asked Dong to judge in Fujian. "He received a genius. For example, it is a great event for Yan to record the Five Classics and spread them in China. "
It's hard to go straight. Gu Xichou is honest, detests evil as hatred, and dares to say and do. In the forty years of Wanli (16 12), he "entered the North Yong", which coincided with Liu's reprimand and Gu Xichou's "laying down his life as an official and blaming him for not saving the official". This angered the ruling elite, which was a disaster. Fortunately, Lai senior became Zhao and tried his best to save him from the disaster.
During the apocalypse, eunuch Wei Zhongxian was hot, and everyone was afraid of three points. Gu Xichou was very dissatisfied with what the eunuch had done, but he couldn't vent it at the moment. He was sent to be an invigilator shortly after taking the rural examination in Fujian, and finally found the opportunity. The third question he took in the exam was "No monarch, no father", which was obviously a rebuke to Wei Zhongxian; The first topic of the policy issue is "taking' human dignity' as the topic", saying: "The messenger who gives color is very cheap and can't be intimate." Cheng Ce and others said, "Zhu Xi mixed mink, and the golden group played the female temple." Contemporary Zaifu Gu Bingqian, a native of Kunshan, is of the same clan. He wants to woo Gu Xichou with his fellow villagers, but he just shouldn't. We have sinned against Wei Zhongxian and Gu Bingqian, so naturally there will be no good life. Soon, they were accused of being Lindong Party, which was first downgraded (in the fifth year of the apocalypse) and then cut back to their hometown the next year.
In the early years of Chongzhen, the court summoned hundreds of officials, and Gu Xichou was summoned to promote and praise the good. There are "fierce castration, fierce partisanship, stupid head and wise tongue" in the system. His reputation at that time can be seen in the words, such as "My sole intention is in color, my feelings are in words, and my palace should be simple." Successively ordered Germany and imperial academy to offer wine. He went to the emperor's office and asked him to "multiply points, be a courtesy officer, and not make a case" (Ming History, Volume 216); And please select outstanding Guo Jian students as county heads and optimize the ranks of officials. Later, due to support, please return. My father followed him to Guangfu Dengwei Mountain near Taihu Lake, or greeted Kunshan, and built a "Lebie Garden" at the east foot of Yushan Mountain in Kunshan for sightseeing and "entertained him for six years".
Later, Gu Xichou was demoted to a small official in the family and did not take office. And promoted to James. In the last years of Chongzhen, farmers led by Li Zicheng were in full swing. Urged by his father, Gu Xichou went to Beijing to find a job and prepare to serve the country. The emperor summoned him personally, and Gu Xichou immediately read the "Moral Training", saying that "those who know him are also interested in current affairs", and the emperor also "received him as soon as possible". I was promoted to the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, in charge of the affairs of the ministers, and "decided to become a monk in the East Palace".
In view of the political affairs at that time, Gu Xichou thought that there was something wrong with employing people from the beginning. He severely pointed out the "five mistakes" in employing people: "It is impossible to explain the whole picture, the outline is too strict, there are too many discussions, the qualifications are too limited, and the encouragement has not arrived." Therefore, he believes that the source of employing people should be thoroughly eliminated first, advocates the use of talents in an eclectic way, and puts forward the "five virtues" of employing people: "being cautious, independent, competent and talented; It is also good to forgive too little, but not to abandon it; Provincial discussion is a task, and three good things are also; Pull out different talents, be unconventional, and be four good; Urgent reward, but lenient supervision and responsibility, five good. " His idea was affirmed by the emperor.
At that time, the court was divided on the issue of peasant uprising. Yang Sichang, the vice premier, advocated the policy of appeasement, and published a book "On hooligans and bandits should be caressed but not suppressed". There are two sentences in the book: "Enjoy the people and protect the world" and "Be punished for being good at fighting". Gu Xichou loudly accused Yang Sichang of "quoting neither fish nor fowl", and the emperor felt the same way. Gu and Yang have had conflicts since then. At that time, many ministers were dissatisfied with Yang Sichang's ruling and attacked him. Yang Sichang thinks this is Gu Xichou's instigation in the dark and bears a grudge. Soon, Yang Sichang "took his mother's clothes as his wife", Gu Xichou instigated companies such as Kai He and Huang Daozhou to impeach and attack, and Yang Sichang finally killed the people.
When the axe king was killed in Nanming, Wenzhou, Gu Xichou was transferred to the Ministry of Rites. In an extraordinary period, his talent was fully displayed. "Every white work, such as the number of Fu, the number of temples of Fu Jingdi, the number of temples of Fu Jingtai, and the ceremony of mourning the death of Minister Cai Maode, has won the hearts of the people for thousands of years." At that time, some rulers wanted to reverse the crime of Ren Dang, a former college student, but Gu Xichou firmly disagreed, saying that he was "lamentable" and even asked to resign and go home, "offering sacrifices to the sea and not returning". Soon, Jinling (now Nanjing) fell and his father died. Gu Xichou suffered a double blow from state affairs and family affairs, and was "covered with tears".
When the Tang King was in the army, Gu Xichou was worshipped as a scholar in the East Pavilion (deputy prime minister). Later, he added the title of governor, stationed in Wenzhou and stayed in Jiangxin Temple in Wenzhou. At that time, Gu Xichou was bent on upholding justice, cracking down on corruption and reviving the Ming Dynasty, so he offended many villains and villains. He Junyao, the company commander of Zhejiang Province, is a "bad boy" and is also in Wenzhou at this time. He colluded with the inspector, embezzled public funds for reimbursement, and "* * * scholars" made a lot of noise. He Junyao actually "killed him" and killed the leader. Students rushed to Gu Xichou to complain. Gu Xichou was very angry, so he dismissed the impeachment and demanded punishment. He Junyao bears a grudge against this and seeks revenge. On the night of the 16th day of the fifth lunar month, He Junyao sent a murderer over the wall to sneak into Gu Xichou's apartment, stabbed Gu Xichou several times in the chest, tied him up and threw him into the river.
Gu Xichou was killed for justice, which caused a sensation in Wenzhou. After the people of the whole city learned about it, they spontaneously dispatched to look for it. Three days later, his body was finally found. "In the coffin temple, I reported home and welcomed back." In order to commemorate him, Wenzhou people wrote an inscription to the National Temple, "Alas, I admire it to this day."
After the death of Gu Xichou, who was decorated behind him, the Tang King of Nanming felt very sad and posthumously awarded him as a university student in the Hall of Advice. "Praise of Five Hundred Sages in Wu County" said that he: "It is the treasure of the country to manage money with people; Thorns abound, and grass cannot be strong. " In the forty-first year of Qing Qianlong (1776), he pursued "festival" and worshipped loyalty, hometown, celebrities, Huangmen and Wenkang temples. Gu Xichou, a famous official in the draft of Kunshan County Records by Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, said: "Being loyal and filial, caring for Wen Ya, being humble and self-respecting, is often insufficient;" However, you can't move if you are rigorous and positive. Cultivate one's morality, write books and cut the wind. When I became an official, I was too big and too powerful, and then I was driven away. I didn't lose my heart. But I planted my own honor, and when our party struggled for differences and took an inclined position, I was deeply ashamed of my loneliness. Every time I am indifferent to my fellow villagers, it is not easy for me to keep it. " It completely summarizes Gu Xichou's extraordinary life experience.
Gu Xichou's first residence was in front of Yangcheng Temple in Maanshan, Kunshan. Gu Xichou and He Xu were buried in Lujiawu, the ancestral home of Guangfu Xuan Tomb.
Gu Xichou is the author of thirty-six volumes of Compendium of Official History, twenty-five volumes of Hong Wen in Qin and Han Dynasties, Yi Jie of Shangshu, Astronomy and Yi Xue, Compilation of Classical Chinese Classics, Holding the Sun Grass, Wen Hui Caoshu and so on.
The folklore "resentment is inevitable"
Gu Xichou, a native of Kunshan, was an official in the imperial court during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty. After the court coup, he vowed to die for his country. Later in Wenzhou, on June 16 of that year, he was killed by his colleague He Junyao and sank into the river. Zhang Diaoding of Huating County is Gu Xichou's favorite pupil. Zhang Diaoding usually invited Ji Tong to come down to worship God, but one day Gu Xichou suddenly came down.
Zhang Diaoding asked in surprise, "When did the teacher become an immortal?"
Ji Tong replied, "On June 16th, I was killed by He Junyao, the lieutenant."
Zhang Diaoding asked, "What's the enemy between He Junyao and the teacher? Why do you harm the teacher so much? "
Ji Tong replied, "I was a monk in Tiantai Mountain in my last life. At that time, I killed a snake on the road. He Junyao is the snake, so he came to me for revenge in his life. I deserve it. " Please tell my two sons not to retaliate. "
Zhang Diaoding immediately sent someone to Wenzhou to investigate, and it was exactly the same as what Ji Tong said. Later, He Junyao was also killed.
Yongjia county magistrate Wu Guojie hosted a banquet for Gu Xichou in Jiangxin Temple the day before, and heard the news of his murder the next day, so he raised fishermen to salvage in the river, but could not find his body. That night, Wu Guojie dreamed that Gu Xichou was standing on the water, so he quickly let him hide in the boat.
Gu Xichou said to him, "I was a monk in Tiantai Mountain in my last life. I accidentally killed a snake on the road at that time, and I will pay for it in my life. It's very kind of you to take care of me. In fact, you were my great disciple in a previous life. There is a mountain range in the suburbs, and you will find me at the corner there tomorrow. "
The next morning, Wu Guojie asked the fisherman that there was such a place. As soon as they got there, they found Gu Xichou's body. So, he helped Gu Xichou's family deal with funeral and other affairs.
Later, Gu Xichou left you in one place, leaving a poem like this:
I used to be a monk, and he was in the mountains, too, said the python. People in the mountains were surprised. The old monk mentioned Zhang Xi.
Stepping out of the mountain gate, there was no open flame at first, and the staff turned to dust. The fate is fixed, and I am happy and true from now on.
The Ming Dynasty recorded Gu Xichou, a native of Kunshan. In thirteen years, Nanjing tried it, and Wei Guogong took it as his daughter. In the forty-seventh year of Wanli, it was changed to Jishi Shu and granted a review. In the fourth year of the Apocalypse, Wei Zhongxian was in full swing, and revenge was given to Dong Shen in Fujian. Cheng Ce was full of ridicule. The name of Zhongxian Party is Lin Dong, and they are in tune. Already, more cuts.
At the beginning of Chongzhen, the old officer summoned. Li moved to the countryside to offer wine. Complex integral method is not suitable for ceremony. Xichou replied, and please choose Guo-zi-jian diploma as the county magistrate. Yes, please be in the worship position. Those doctors who are from Guo Zi will be selected and tested. The emperor allowed it. Go back to the motherland and beg for the last support in the book. In addition to my mother's service, I began to show less business, enter the business, worship the left assistant minister of the ritual department and serve the Ministry. The emperor tried to manage money. The retreat of tin domain and Chen's five major mistakes in employing people can't explain the whole picture. The website is too rigid, too much discussion, too limited qualifications and lack of encouragement. Please let the place of employment know its source first. "Careful identification, suitable for your talent, a good one. It is also good to forgive some small things without giving them up in the end. Provincial discussion and special tasks are three good ones. Pulling out different talents and not sticking to the routine, the four good ones are also. Urgent reward and lenient supervision, five good things. " In the final analysis, the disadvantages of wasting money still come down to employing people. The emperor is good at playing.
Yang Sichang spared no effort to please rogues, saying that "optimists will protect the world" and "warriors will be punished". Loudly speaking, a vassal in Xichou made friends with his neighbors and said that he was neither fish nor fowl, and he had a bad fight with his heirs. Suchang was in charge of politics, and many poets attacked him, but Suchang was quite suspicious of tin domain. Wang Hui, a captain of Xu, is guilty, and the tin domain is light, so it was built by Chang and its membership was cut. In fifteen years, courtiers recommended and recalled. Cao Rong, suggestion, and Huang Yunshi, the teacher, reiterated their improper use in this matter. The emperor didn't listen and became the left assistant minister of Nanjing Ritual Department.
Li, go to the Ministry of Commerce. At that time, King Fugong was honored as Emperor Gong, and was to be enshrined in a shrine. Please don't set up a special temple in Xichou. I ask you to supplement the memorials of Wendi Temple, the number of Jingdi Temple and the gifts of loyal ministers of Wen Jian Dynasty, and follow them. Dongping Liu Boze celebrated: "Song Gaozong is located in Nanjing, that is, in May of the second year of Jingkang, the first year of making suggestions, which won the hearts of the people. May this year is the first year of Hong Guang. " Tin domain made it clear that the imperial edict has been issued and cannot be changed, but this is already the case. At that time, it was decided that there were four temple names for emperors of big banks. Zhao Zhilong of Xincheng said that "Xiang" was not a good name, and the aid certificate was very nuclear. Xichou also agreed, please change it. Hong Gao, a college student, tried to talk about himself, insisted, and then went to bed. The death of Wen Renren is also a special tribute to Wen Zhong, but Wen, Luo and Yao Ximeng are not. Xi Chou said, "Benevolence wins the king, and politics is the most expert and long-lasting. It is a huge and deep crime to assume the responsibility of the first emperor. It is a pity to criticize Wenzhong, or to cut or change it, and to make up Meng Zhu Chen to persuade and punish the world. " Report it. Therefore, all the people were killed. Zhang Shang of the official department went, but the substitute Xu did not arrive, so he ordered Xichou to take it. When in power, Xi Zhou and Ya were at odds. Zhang and Xiong Rulin disintegrated it, so they begged for sacrifice. Next spring, Lee. Z, Yushi, will praise Tieren Palace, so please reply. So Letianyu became an official. Du Nan fell, and Xichou Township was also breached. After his father died, he went to Fujian. The king of Tang ordered him to be an old official and refused to worship him. He lives in Jiangxin Temple in Wenzhou. He Junyao, the company commander, insulted all the students, and Xiyu would disintegrate. Junyao killed him at night and threw his body into the river. After three days of searching, you will find a coffin.