から(kara): The Chinese character for "Kara" is "empty"; There are two explanations for this word: one is empty, empty-handed and unarmed; ) can also be interpreted as "Tang". The Tang Dynasty was also the Tang Dynasty. China entered its heyday in the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang people were from China. So karate can also be interpreted as a Tang hand, that is, China's hand skill. However, ten years ago, Japan unified からて(karate with empty hands, so its Chinese characters also gave up the name Tang Shou.
て(te): Hand, which means boxing.
In addition to the names "empty hand" and "Tang hand", this martial art was also called "Ryukyu hand". Ryukyu is a small country that China paid tribute to China in Ming and Qing Dynasties, located in the south of Japan. Local people often travel to and from China, and some of them returned to Ryukyu after attending martial arts schools. Later, Japan occupied Ryukyu and renamed Okinawa. At the same time, it also enforced the ban on weapons and weapons. However, the local people still resist. They learned from China and joined the martial arts of Ryukyu, and even joined the tools of daily life (such as nunchakus for threshing grain and paddles for rowing) to carry out severe resistance. This kind of martial arts used to resist and fight, of course, is aimed at killing people.
Due to the development of empty-handed players in Ryukyu, three sets of basic potential methods have been developed-one is Naha player, the other is leading player and the other is berthing player.
Later, this martial art flowed into Japan, and after development and diversion, it gradually became the present karate.
It has been pointed out in China that in the middle of Ming Dynasty in China, a China martial artist, who was recorded as a general, came to Ryukyu to teach martial arts. It is said that he can lift a person with one finger. He brought nunchakus, tips, crutches and other weapons and technologies. Later, it spread to Japan, called Tang Hand. -but the second statement has yet to be confirmed.
[Editor] Four schools of karate
Among the above three schools, "Tang hand", "Li shou" and "Naha hand" further developed into the traditional "four schools" with empty hands. Among them, Mr. Funakoshi Gichin (1868-1957), the representative figure of "No.1", was the first person to introduce an empty-handed ball from Ryukyu to Japanese mainland in 1922 after the death of his mentor, Mr. An Heng from Yizhou. Because of Mr. Chuan Yue's Song Tao, his empty-handed ball is called "Song Tao Ge Empty-handed". Mr. Miyagi Changshun (1888—1953), a representative figure of Naha, founded "Just Rouliu Karate" in Kyoto, Japan on 1928 after the death of his teacher Dongna Liang Kuan. After Song Taoge and Gang Liu, Mr. Ren Xianhe (1889- 1952) was appointed as his two teachers in Osaka, Japan on 1929. In addition, Aikido Jiu Jitsu was founded on 1929 by Mr. Ji Bo Otsuka, a teacher of "Shinto Dojo Heart Jiu Jitsu" and a student of Mr. Funakoshi Gichin's "Songtao Pavilion Empty Hands". Today, Songtaoge, Gangrouliu, Cidongliu and Hedao Liu are collectively called "four schools". In the later period, Mr. Dashan Beida's extremely authentic karate (karate with emphasis on actual combat) also became a major school of karate. Different schools have different stage arrangements, and the stage standards between schools are not universal. The basic technology and "type" are also very different.
[Editor] Songtao Tingxi
Funakoshi Gichin (1870 ~ 1957), the founder of Songtao Pavilion, is the largest karate school in the world. Liu Karate in Songtaoguan is a northern martial art in karate called "South Boat and North Horse".
There are 26 kinds of karate in Songtaoge. Its technical characteristics are large opening and closing, straight movement, multiple lunges and emphasis on the application of leg techniques. It is a model of rigid karate. Similar to Northern Shaolin Boxing in China Wushu. Because of its large and concise movements, it is deeply loved by karate lovers in Europe and America, and its karate market share in France, Germany, Britain, the United States and other world karate powers reaches over 80%.
With the globalization of karate, the advantages of Songtaoge karate are more obvious. The representative groups of this genre include Japan Karate Association (JKA), International Songtao Pavilion Karate League (SKI), International Songtao Club (ISKF) and other international leagues, as well as Songtao Club, Songtao Club, Tami Club, Inamenuchi Club, and Open Space Meeting. Among them, JKA is the largest karate school group in Japan and the world. At present, karate teams from more than 80 countries and regions around the world have joined JKA and hold world competitions every two years. The organization was founded by Funakoshi Gichin and formally established in the 23rd year of Showa. Japan's Ministry of Education was officially registered and recognized as a non-profit organization legal person in Showa on April 30th.
Song Liu, a directly affiliated school, was the first hero to introduce Okinawa karate into Japan. Funakoshi Gichin, the founder of Songtao Pavilion, inherited from Fuzhou Anheng, gathered the skills of softness and decided the prototype of Songtao Pavilion empty-handed. Mo Wen Renxian and Chuan Yue often communicate, so Xie Dong and Song Tao use a similar model. Sichuan and Vietnam also renamed the Tang hand empty-handed, and brought the judo ribbon system into karate. The school is divided into Japan Empty-handed Club, Songtao Club, Songtao Family Club, Songtao Pavilion, Songtao Federation, Tami Club, Inamenuchi Club, and Extension Club.
[Editor] Combine rigidity with softness
The founder of karate combining rigidity with softness is Miyagi Changshun. Miyagi was born in Ryukyu in Meiji 2 1 year. Miyagi joined the Naha master Dong Enna at the age of 14, and at the age of 18, Miyagi went to Fujian Province, China to study China Boxing. Systematize the unique technology after returning to China. This stream is the southern school kung fu in "South Boat North Horse", which is controlled by Baihemen and South Shaolin Boxing. Its genre name comes from one of the eight sentences of boxing in "Wu Bei Zhi", the secretary of Baihemen's circulation, that is, "the law is rigid and soft, and the law is often soft", so it is named rigid and soft.
This school of karate has obvious characteristics of Nanquan, which is mainly based on three steps of small frame and combines rigidity with softness. Pay attention to the exercise of "qi", "rest" and "body" in practice. There are 13 kinds of rigid-flexible flow. The representative groups of the rigid-flexible school include the All-Japan Karate Union Rigid-flexible Association, the World Rigid-flexible Karate Union, the Rigid-flexible Pavilion, the Rigid-flexible Alliance and the Zhenggang Pavilion. This school has considerable influence in Southeast Asia and is one of the earliest karate schools introduced to China. It should also be noted that at present, the representative of another karate system in the world, that is, the founder of Full Contact Karate-Extreme Reality Society, Dashan Beida, is a student of Cao Ningzhu, a disciple of the Japanese Rigid-Flexible Society.
[Editor] Tracing the roots of rigid and soft karate
Bullies originated in 1875.
The ancestor-Dong Enna Liang Kuan, at the age of 22, went from Okinawa to Fuzhou, Fujian, China by waterway to find a famous teacher to learn China Wushu. During this period, I experienced numerous difficulties, such as language communication and adapting to living habits. I finally got what I wanted. I learned martial arts from the martial arts master Xie Zongxiang. Xie Zongxiang himself is a bamboo craftsman. Mr. Dongyuan studied martial arts in China for fifteen years before and after, and returned to Naha, Okinawa. Before returning to China, he already knew the application skills of herbs.
After returning to Okinawa, Mr. tojo hideki devoted himself to developing and popularizing the martial arts he learned from China, especially the routine of Sanshou Boxing. At that time, many people learned martial arts from Dongying, but because of his strict training requirements, most students only stopped learning for a short time. At that time, a 14-year-old boy was a well-known official, hardworking and strict with himself. Finally, he became a disciple of Mr. tojo hideki, completed all his studies, and carried forward "Na Ba Shou" together. 19 15, Mr. Dongying died at the age of 63. Since then, the "Naha player" system has spread to this highly self-disciplined young man, Miyagi Changshun, who has been studying martial arts with Dong En for fifteen years.
From 192 1 year to 2005, Mr Miyagi performed "Na Ba Hand" skills in the royal family for many times and was highly praised. 1926, 38-year-old Mr Miyagi also established a karate martial arts club, namely the karate research society. At the same time, Huacheng Changqi, Western Dynasties Five, Chaoji and Wan Wenren Xianhe (founder) of the headquarters took turns as apprentices.
1927, Jgoroh, the founder of judo, was invited to a party in Tokyo. Master Miyagi performed Naha glove boxing on the spot, and the founder of judo found these sets of boxing very substantial. Later, Mr Miyagi showed some wrestling and grasping skills, and explained the importance of applying the above skills to luck and correct breathing. The founder of judo was impressed by this and kept it in mind.
1930 years later, the founder of judo recommended Mr. Miyagi to demonstrate with the skill of "Naha player" in Okinawa in many major martial arts events such as Gubudo Competition sponsored by the Japanese government.
1930, when Shinri Ren 'an, Mr. Miyagi's eldest disciple, gave a demonstration in an all-Japanese martial arts competition, he was asked by Gu Wu Taoist disciples which faction Naha's gloves should belong to, but Shinri Ren 'an couldn't answer because there was no need to name a faction at that time. At that time, there were three different factions circulating in Okinawa, namely Tomari-Teh, Shouli-Teh and Naha. When Xin Liren 'an returned to Okinawa and mentioned the name of the school to Master, Mr. Miyagi felt it necessary to name it "Rigid and Soft Flow" to carry forward this martial arts skill and formally inform other Japanese martial arts schools.
"Rigid and soft" is a kind of martial arts which combines strong and soft skills. Liu is a faction, so both rigidity and softness complement each other. Mr Miyagi is the first martial artist who turned China Wushu into an independent school. 1933, Mr. Miyagi officially registered karate in the Japanese Wushu Association, so he was called "Tangshou" before 1933, but it was called "karate" in 1933 (Japanese [[nihongo] [[Kanji]), and "karate" was interpreted as unarmed or.
1946 After the Second World War, Mr. Miyagi taught karate skills to the Sports Association of Okinawa City Government and the Okinawa Police Training College. Later, karate spread from Okinawa to all parts of Japan, and Miyagi Changshun was called "samurai gentleman" and later became the father of karate.
[Editor in Charge] He Daoliu
The founder of Dojo Karate is Ji Bo Otsuka, who was born in the 25th year of Meiji. I began to learn judo at the age of six. In the ninth year of Taisho, he went to Zhengming School in Funakoshi Gichin to study karate and Japanese Shinto Liu Yang Jiu Jitsu. /kloc-in 0/3, Da Zheng participated in the Ryukyu Tangshu performance at the dance performance held at the Dojo of Jining Pavilion in the Imperial Palace. Otsuka Ji Bo performed his own "Tangshu Shifting" (a constrained duet in modern karate), as well as "grasping the short knife" and "grasping the real sword with a white blade", which won high praise. Taking this opportunity, Ji Bo Otsuka created the "Dojo Stream" in May of the eighth year of Showa, which means to combine karate with Japanese jujitsu. This school is deeply influenced by Jiu Jitsu, among which "parting", "flowing", "pledging", "leading", "entering the body" and "turning around" are its technical characteristics. The most distinctive feature of HeDao is fighting, which is a very few karate that can reflect the characteristics of this genre in fighting, and there have been many karate fighting champions in this genre. At the same time, this karate school belongs to Songtaoge, so it is deeply influenced by Songtaoge in routine, but it also has its own characteristics.
The representative groups of Dojo Karate include All-Japan Karate League and Dojo Association, World Dojo Karate League, etc. The greatest strength of Aikido karate is Japanese universities and schools, with the strong karate schools in university sports leagues such as Tokyo University, Tokyo Agriculture, Meiji, Japan, Li Jiao, Japanese Dentistry, Tokyo Industry, Tokyo Foreign Studies, Hokkaido, Kumamoto Industry and Fukuoka as the backbone. Arakawa Tong, the current director of the All-Japan Karate League, is one of the representatives of Hedo.
[Editor] Kudongliu
Meiji was born in Juri, Ryukyu in 22 years. Mo Wen Renxian, the founder of Kudongliu, is a descendant of the famous ghost town in ancient Japan. His ancestor was named "Mo Wen" by Tokugawa Ieyasu because of his outstanding military exploits, so he changed his surname to "Mo Wen". Liu Zu was intelligent from a young age and had a high understanding of martial arts. /kloc-at the age of 0/3, he became a famous martial artist and ceremonial master in Ryukyu, and was recognized as a disciple. On his deathbed, Anzhou Anheng did not forget to cultivate him. At the age of 20, he was recommended to another master of Naha karate, Mr. Dong Enna Liang Kuan, and continued to learn Naha martial arts and dynamic qigong from South Shaolin Temple in China. Later, he studied karate such as Matsumura School and Shinhara School, and even learned Japanese ancient martial arts instruments other than karate. Mo Renxian and Showa went to Beijing for three years. When they arrived at the home of Ryukyu Tang players in Japan, only one of them had completely learned the first-hand player and Naha player. Therefore, he can do the best of both schools.
19 15 years, his two masters died one after another. Later, in order to commemorate the two teachers, he started his own karate school-"Xie Liudong" in Osaka, Japan in the ninth year of Showa (1927) with the initials of the two masters. Liu Zu teaches disciples to be careful. He not only asked his disciples to work hard, but also paid special attention to their character cultivation. In terms of training, Liu Zu not only mastered the martial arts of "First Commanding" and "Naha Commanding", but also added the techniques of ancient Japanese capture, traditional He Ju fencing, hairpin, cudgel and Watanabe nunchaku. Nowadays, bitter eastward flow has not only become one of the four major schools in the world, but also the most complete and perfect karate martial art, which has been preserved by later generations. The characteristics of "Xie" can be summed up in three words, namely "keeping, breaking and leaving", that is, faithfully observing the moves, and then practicing karate in a unique way by using the final independence. Moreover, Kudongliu karate attaches great importance to the cultivation of karate spirit. Wen Renxian, the founder of Kudongliu Karate, emphasized that Kudongliu Karate is a "gentleman's fist" to practice karate for perfect personality and lofty life purpose.
Mo Wenren Rong Xian (the eldest son of Mo Wenren Xianhe) was born on February, 2008 19 18 in Juri, Okinawa Prefecture. He began to practice karate as early as childhood, and later studied kendo and judo respectively. 1952, after Ren Xian and He died, he was named "Kudongliu Karate Training Club" and went to all parts of the world to continue to develop Kudongliu Karate.
Nine-hole karate I * * * has 47 prescribed types, which is the largest among the four schools and the largest number of volleyball players representing Japan in medium-sized world karate competitions. The style of Ku Dong Liu is a major feature of its genre. Kudonglu's representative groups are kudonglu, All Japan Karate League, World kudonglu Karate League, Lin Pai kudonglu, Zhengqi Society, Pedicure Society, Monk Society, Sacred Heart Society and Wu Mingshe Society. A world-class karate competition will be held every two years from 1989.
[Editor] Extreme Karate
The founder of Extreme Karate is Beida Oshima, who lived in the northeast of China as a teenager and studied boxing with boxers from China. After returning to Japan, I have been studying soft and hard flow and Songtaoguan karate for many years. /kloc-won the second black belt in Songtaoguan karate at the age of 0/7, and won the fourth grade at the age of 20. At the same time, at the age of 20, he also became a black belt master in judo.
1946, under the influence of the karate master Cao Ningzhu, Oshima Peking University chose Yanshan Mountain in Yamanashi Prefecture as its training place, especially accompanied by a famous teacher. But in the end, due to the shortage of food sources, Oshima Beida was forced to stop his original idea of practicing for three years. Later, he went into the mountains to practice. This time, he chose Qingcheng Mountain in Chiba Prefecture as his place of self-improvement. For this exercise, he practiced 12 hours every day, constantly practicing under the cold waterfall and breaking stones with his bare hands. In the evening, Dashan Peking University will take meditation and meditation as spiritual exercises. After eighteen months of hard training, Dashan finally returned to civilized society. At this time, he felt thoroughly remoulded, and it was time to show his strength.
In order to test his own strength and promote the actual karate he advocated, Oshima Beida fought with 52 bulls at 1950, and three of them died on the spot. The horns of the other 42 bulls were all cut off by his karate unarmed knife. 1952, Dashan Beida went to many places in the United States to publicly display the martial arts he advocated. During this period, he defeated all 270 opponents, and most of them won by "killing with one blow". Every duel is decided in three minutes.
After decades of karate practice and summary, he feels that although the karate he has learned is powerful and can be killed in one blow, in order to avoid unnecessary casualties, he has always followed the "one-stop" approach in the group. (As the name implies, in the case of stopping one inch, all attacks must stop when they touch one inch in front of the opponent's body. It is illegal to directly hit the opponent. However, this greatly affects a practitioner's skill play and exercise, which is very different from actual combat.
Later, he advocated the view that "martial arts are empty-handed" and "technology is in power". In the case of extreme karate, the contestants are in full contact with the competition without wearing any protective gear. In addition to attacking the head and crotch by hand, the rest can be attacked directly, regardless of heavyweight. "The' full contact' competition is a world-famous extreme karate style. 1965, Oshima Beida founded Shinhwa in Japan. And the World Karate Competition is held every four years without interruption.
1994, after the death of Oshima Beida, his disciple Zhang Gui Matsui took over as the curator of the Extreme Reality Club. Later, the athletes from Hatoyama Chuxiong, Hasegawa Ichigo, Kancho Yoshikazu Matsushima and Green separated from the extreme reality club and set up their own karate organizations. They held their own activities and competitions without recognizing each other, but they still practiced extreme reality karate. At present, Matsui Zhanggui Surreal Society is the largest surreal social organization in the world, with a population of over 90% and recognized by all walks of life.