In 209 BC, a peasant uprising broke out at the end of Qin Dynasty. After Chen Sheng and Guangwu led the rebels to capture Zhou Chen, Chen Sheng established the "Zhang Chu" regime and openly opposed the Qin Dynasty.

At this time, Pei county magistrate also wanted to respond to the uprising. Xiao He was an official in Pei County at that time, and they suggested that the magistrate call back the people who were exiled in the county, so as to increase their strength and prevent future troubles.

The magistrate felt right, so he asked Fan Kuai to invite Liu Bang, there were hundreds of people at that time. However, at this time, Pei Ling regretted it, fearing that Liu Bang's return would be out of control and he might kill him, which was tantamount to inviting wolves into the room.

So, he ordered to close the gate, ready to catch Xiao He and Cao Can. When they heard the news, they quickly fled outside the city. Hearing this, Liu Bang wrote a letter into the city, encouraging the people in the city to get up and kill the renegade county magistrate, so that everyone could defend their hometown together. ?

The people are very dissatisfied with the county magistrate who usually doesn't care about them. After killing the county magistrate, they opened the city gate to meet Liu Bang. Xiao He and Cao Can are both literati, worried about their own lives, afraid that they can't bring a case. When they were wiped out by the Qin Dynasty, they strongly recommended Liu Bang.

Everyone elected him Pei Gong to lead the uprising. Liu Bang listened to public opinion, set up an altar and set up a red flag, calling himself Chi Di, and soon the uprising army expanded to 3,000 people.

At this time, it was already 209 BC 10, and Liu Bang was 48 years old. There was another powerful force in the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty, namely Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu, descendants of the original Chu nobles. They started their troops in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), and their strength soon reached nearly 10,000.

2. Three chapters of the contract

In 207 BC, Liu Bang led a great army into Guanzhong, and reached the dam only a few tens of miles away from Xianyang, Qin Dou. Zi Ying surrendered to Liu Bang after only 46 days as the king of Qin.

After Liu Bang entered Xianyang, he wanted to live in a luxurious palace, but his heart Fan Kuai and Sean warned him not to do so, lest he lose the hearts of the people. Liu bang accepted their suggestion and ordered the palace to be closed, leaving several soldiers to protect the palace and the warehouse with a lot of treasures, and then returned to the army.

In order to win the hearts of the people, Liu Bangguan summoned the elders and heroes of all counties and solemnly announced to them: "Qin's harsh laws have harmed many people and should be completely abolished. Everyone agrees that no matter who they are, they should abide by three laws.

These three rules are: the murderer should be put to death, the injured should make amends, and the thief should be convicted! "Predecessors, heroes have expressed support for the three chapters. Then, Liu Bang sent a large number of troops to various counties and townships to publicize the three chapters of the contract.

Hearing this, the people enthusiastically took cattle, sheep, wine and grain to support Liu Bang's army. Because of the firm implementation of the three chapters, Liu Bang won the trust, support and support of the people.

3.hongmen banquet

After defeating Zhang Han and forcing him to surrender, Xiang Yu also led the army straight to Guanzhong. Fan Zeng advised him to take the opportunity to get rid of his opponent Liu Bang, and Xiang Yu ordered to prepare for the next day's attack.

At this time, Liu Bang has been unable to compete with the powerful Xiang Yu in strength. He has only100000 troops, but he can't beat Xiang Yu's 400000 soldiers.

Finally, Xiang Bo, Xiang Yu's uncle, "saved" Liu Bang: Xiang Bo and Sean, Liu Bang's counselor, were very close. Seeing that Xiang Yu was going to attack, they sneaked into the enemy camp overnight to find Sean and told him to leave quickly to avoid being killed. ?

Sean said he couldn't leave Liu Bang, so he broke the news to Liu Bang. In a flurry, Liu Bang hurriedly asked Sean for advice. Sean sent Liu Bang to see Xiang Bo, indicating that he had no intention of competing with Xiang Yu for the throne.

Liu Bang went to Xiang Bo as planned, showing that he had no ambition to be king, and made an appointment with his children in Xiang Bo. Xiang Bo returned to the barracks that night. He said to Xiang Yu: "Because Pei Gong entered the customs first and cleared the way for us to enter the customs, we can successfully pass the Hangu Pass. Pei Gong is a man of contribution. We should not doubt him and treat him sincerely. "

Xiang Yu listened and decided not to attack Liu Bang. The next day, Liu Bang came to Xiang Yu's barracks, bringing only Fan Kuai, Sean and one hundred elite Qin Bing. Arrived at Xiang Yu's big account and apologized to Xiang Yu who greeted him.

Xiang Yu invited Liu Bang in for dinner. Xiang Yu's father, Fan Zeng, has always advocated killing Liu Bang. At the banquet, he repeatedly motioned for Xiang Yu to start, but Xiang Yu hesitated and silently refused. ?

Fan Zengzhao invited Xiangzhuang to dance the sword to the banquet and took the opportunity to kill Liu Bang. Xiang Bo also drew his sword to protect and cover Liu Bang, but without success. This is the origin of the idiom "Xiang Zhuang dances with a sword, which is intended to be Pei Gong". Later, Liu bang left for an excuse and returned to the camp. ?

At the hongmen banquet, liu bang was very calm. In addition to the efforts of Sean, Xiang Bo and Fan Kuai, the key is Liu Bang's calmness.

4. Battle of Gaixia

In late October of 202 BC (the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu), Guan Ying led an army into Pengcheng and captured many areas of Chu. Ying Bu, who was named King of Huainan by Liu Bang, also sent troops into Jiujiang, lured the Shoujiang and Zhou Yin, the Chu government, and then joined forces to attack the city in the north (now Yang Guodong, Anhui).

Liu Bang also moved eastward from Guling, and the situation was extremely unfavorable to Chu, so Xiang Yu was forced to retreat to the southeast. 1 1 month, Xiang Yu retreated to Gaixia (now southeast of Lingbi, Anhui), built a camp to rectify and restore his military strength. At this time, there are still about 100,000 Chujun.

After Han Xin, Peng Yue and Ying Bu joined forces with Liu Bang, in December (in early 2002, in October of the first year), the ten Wan Chu armies retreating to the south of the Yangtze River were surrounded by layers.

The Han army is led by Han Xin with 300,000 people as the main force, General Kong as the left wing, General Fei as the right wing, Liu Bang in the rear, and Chai Wu and other reserves are on standby behind Liu Bangjun.

Han Xin led the Han army forward and began to retreat under unfavorable circumstances, but the two wings advanced and the Chu army was frustrated. Han Xin led the army forward and defeated the Chu army. ?

The Han army sang Chu songs at night. The Chu army thought that Han had done his best since Xiang Yu, but his morale collapsed. Seeing that the tide was gone, Xiang Yu led 800 elite cavalry to break through and fled south by night. After dawn, the Han army learned that Xiang Yu had broken through and sent five thousand cavalry to pursue him.

After Xiang Yu crossed the Huaihe River, only a hundred riders followed him to Yanling (now northwest of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province), where he lost his way and delayed his time (Fu Tian was told to cheat in the history books). Chased by the Han army, Xiang Yu suddenly arrived in Dongcheng (now southeast of Dingyuan, Anhui), leaving only 28 riders.

Xiang Yu commanded twenty-eight riders, rushed back and forth, fought his way out again, and rushed south to the Wujiang River (now Wujiangpu on the Yangtze River in the northeast of Anhui County). He was ashamed to meet his elders in Jiangdong, so he dismounted from the rider and fought hand-to-hand with Han. Xiang Yu killed hundreds of Han soldiers by himself and suffered more than ten injuries himself. He finally hanged himself at the age of 38.

After Xiang Yu's death, the Han army wiped out the Eighth Wan Chu Army, and Chu surrendered to Han, but the Lu people who left Xiang Yu intact refused to surrender (Xiang Yu was once named). Later, Liu Bang showed Xiang Yu's head to Lu, and Lu surrendered. So far, the Chu-Han War, which lasted for four and a half years, ended with Liu Bang's victory.

In 202 BC (the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu), Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor on the north bank of Surabaya and established the Western Han regime. (Qin system was adopted in the early Han dynasty, and October was the beginning of the year. That is, the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu 1 month is October, followed by November, December, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August and September. February is the fifth month of that year. )

5, ask the sick bed.

In his later years, Liu Bang doted on his father and son, alienated him, and tried several times to depose Hui Di, who was born to Empress Lu, and establish Liu Ruyi. However, due to the minister's opposition, I had to give up. In order to consolidate the imperial power, Liu Bang tried his best.

I was old, but I was injured by an arrow when I put down the rebellion in Ying Bu, and my condition worsened in Chang 'an. Lv Hou invited a famous doctor, and Liu Bang asked him about his illness. The doctor said he could be cured. As soon as Liu Bang heard the tone, he knew that he would not be well. He was so angry that he cursed the doctor: "It is not destiny to take the world with one cloth and one sword." Life is in heaven, although Bian Que is good! "Then he gave the doctor 50 yuan and let him go.

Lv Hou looked at Liu Bang, who was dying, and asked him about the personnel arrangement after his death: "Who will take over after Guo Xiang's death?" Liu Bang said Cao Can. Lv Hou asked who was after Cao Can, and Liu Bang said, "The tomb can take over after Cao Can, but the tomb is not wise enough, so it can be assisted by Chen Ping. Although Chen Ping is very wise, he can't make decisions on major issues. Although Zhou Bo is not good at talking, he is loyal and honest. He will be the one who will settle the Liu family in the future. Let him be the captain. "

Lv Hou asked what to do in the future, and Liu Bang said weakly, "You won't know anything in the future." ?

Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Bang