Appreciation of editing this poem:
The first sentence is "everything is empty when you die." "Yuan Zhi", already know; "Everything is empty" means that everything can be attached after death. But then the meaning of the second sentence changed: "but I can't see the sad Kyushu", but I can't let go of one thing, that is, the lost land has not been recovered and I have not seen the reunification of the motherland with my own eyes. The third sentence of this poem, "Julian Waghann concentrated in the north", shows that although the poet is deeply distressed, he is not desperate. He firmly believed that one day the army of the Song Dynasty could pacify the Central Plains and recover lost territory. With this sentence, the mood of the poem changed from sadness to passion. At the end of the sentence, "I never forgot to tell you about the family sacrifice", my mood changed again. I have no choice but to see the day when the motherland is reunified when I am alive, so I have to pin my hopes on future generations. So I told my son affectionately, don't forget to tell him the good news of "Beiding Zhongyuan" when offering sacrifices at home. This poem is Lu You's masterpiece. Before he died, he was still obsessed with the territory and people of the Central Plains occupied by the Nuzhen nobles, eagerly looking forward to the reunification of the motherland, so he specially wrote this poem as a will to earnestly warn his son. From here, we can realize how persistent, warm and sincere the poet's patriotic feelings are! It is no wonder that since the Southern Song Dynasty, anyone who has read this poem will be moved by it, especially when foreign enemies invaded or the motherland split, which caused countless people to praise it. This poem is full of twists and turns, which sincerely expresses the poet's complex thoughts and feelings at the end of his life, including endless resentment against the unfinished golden cause and firm belief that the sacred cause will be realized. The whole poem has a sad element, but the tone is passionate. The language of poetry is natural, without any carving, but it is a natural expression of true feelings, but it is more beautiful and moving than deliberately carved poetry. I know there will be nothing left after death, but I am sad that I can't see the reunification of the motherland. Don't forget to tell your father the good news when the imperial army goes north to recover the Central Plains.
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Lu You (1125-1210), a native of Yinshan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), was a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He has always insisted on resisting gold, and has been rejected and hit by the establishment in his official career. In middle age, he went to Shu to resist Jin, and military life enriched his literary content. His works reveal great light and become an outstanding poet. The amount of words is not as large as that of poems, but they run through the spirit of patriotism like poems, and are called "the magic of poems" by later generations. Lu You was born in an official family, with a poor family and hard work. Lu You's great-grandfather was Song Renzong's teacher Lu Yi, and his grandfather was Lu Dian and his father.
Pro-land is here. At that time, it was the time when the Song Dynasty was corrupt and was repeatedly invaded by the Jin State (Jurchen nationality). In the second year after his birth, Jin Bing captured Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. When he was a child, he and his family were moved from one place to another. Due to the influence of social and family environment, he was determined to kill Hu (Jin Bing ornaments) to save the country from childhood. Although the feudal family brought Lu You a good cultural influence, especially patriotic education, it also brought misfortune in marriage. At the age of 20, he married his cousin Tang Wan, and they had a deep affection. However, his mother didn't like Down and forced them to separate. Tang remarried, and Lu You also married Wang. After the divorce, Lu You was very sad. At the age of 365,438+0, when Shaoxing passed through Shenyuan for twenty-five years, he met Tang Wan and his wife. Lu You wrote the word "Chaitoufeng" on the wall of the Imperial Academy to show his deep affection. Since then, he has written poems to commemorate many times, and even wrote the famous love poem "Love" at the age of 75. Tang was heartbroken when he read Lu You's "Hairpin Phoenix". He wrote a poem about Hairpin Phoenix and died soon. Lu You's Twelve Years Poems, learning sword and art of war. At the age of 29, I went to Lin 'an Province to try, ranking first. The following year, Kao Li Department was ranked before the grandson of Qin Gui, the Lord commander and envoy, and because it did not forget the national humiliation, it demanded that "the rich should be given in advance, and the big businessmen should take care of it", which was rejected by Qin Gui. Ming died, Shaoxing was the master book of Ningde County in Fuzhou in 28 years, and Shaoxing was the prefect in 30 years. Xiaozong succeeded to the throne and was given a Jinshi origin. Later, due to urging Zhang Jun to explore the Northern Expedition, his subordinates had differences with the generals. Coupled with the resistance of the Lord and the faction, the court immediately shook, and Lu You was also dismissed on the charge of "writing a protest and clamoring for right and wrong, such as Zhang Jun's use of troops". In six years, Kuizhou was sentenced. 1 172 (the eighth year of Dalu), the main battle general Wang Yan hired Lu You to take charge of military affairs in the shogunate, and Lu You's life changed a lot. Military life made him embrace each other and wrote many passionate patriotic poems. It can be said that "flying frost sweeps away the cold, and one inch of Dan Xin only serves the country" is a portrayal of his life and mood during this period. Although Lu You is full of sincerity to serve the country, his ambition to rejuvenate the country has never been continued because of the corruption of the imperial court, his desire for peace and his lack of enterprising spirit. 1 175 (two years), Fan Chengda invited Lu You to the DPRK, and served as the representative of Chengdu Road Pacification Department. Lu Yu, who is known for his friendship of poetry and prose, is often laughed at by his colleagues for not observing official etiquette. Because the ambition and personal fame of restoring the country can't last long, they often indulge in frivolous behavior and are accused by their colleagues as "not sticking to etiquette, relying on wine to let go." So Lu You simply called himself "Weng Fang" and laughed at himself in his poems. In the fifth year of Xichun, he raised Changping Tea Salt in Fujian Road. In the sixth year of Xichun, Jiangnan West Road was promoted. Cherish spring thirteen years, I know Yanzhou. In the fifteenth year of Xichun, he served as a military weapon less supervisor. After many promotions and demotions, he stayed in Yin Shan's hometown and countryside for more than 20 years after 1 190 (Guangzong Shao Xiyuan). At home, "eyes are bright and healthy, why not get old?" Because of his health-preserving skills, he was addicted to coix seed and fungus, and he was still alert and clear in his later years. During this period, although he still put forward the idea of resisting the enemy to the court, he was always criticized. Finally, he died at the age of 86 on 1209 (the second year of Jiading)1February 29 (lunar calendar 1265438+ AD 65438+1October 26). In the era of Lu You's life, Jin Guo, the northern minority regime, frequently waged wars against Song Dynasty. The poor and weak Song Dynasty lost a lot of land and was forced to move southward constantly, and the people lived in war and turmoil. As a teenager, Lu You had to flee with his family and suffered from being displaced from place to place. /kloc-At the beginning of the 20th century, the Nuzhen nationality in the northeast of China established the State of Jin. In the second year after Lu You was born, Jin occupied Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the third year, Hui Di and Emperor Qin were exiled, and the country perished in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou, the younger brother of Qin Zong, fled to the south. When he established political power in Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), he not only failed to recover lost ground, but appointed the notorious traitor Qin Gui as the prime minister, intending to kneel down and make peace with the Jin people. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), the negotiation was successful. Zhao Gou was shameless, claiming to be a courtier of Guo Xu, and promised to offer 252,000 pieces of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk every year to bid for the Huaihe River with the Jin people. From then on, the great rivers and mountains in the north became the territory of the Jin people, and the vast people in the north were enslaved by the Jin people, while the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty was just a corner of peace, surviving under the threat of the enemy. Later, the Longxing Peace Conference signed by Zhao Tuo and Kim and the Kathy Peace Conference signed by Ning and Kim were still humiliating peace talks. Of course, this situation is intolerable to the vast majority of Han people who have always opposed ethnic oppression. Therefore, in this historical era, I don't know how many outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation have stepped forward and launched an indomitable struggle, and Lu You is their outstanding representative on the literary front. As an outstanding poet, Lu You wrote more than 9,300 poems in his life. Most of these poems are related to fighting against invaders. Or describe the fiery life in the army, "naked, sleeping in first frost", or repose deep worries about the future and destiny of the motherland and the gloomy mood of serving the country with full blood. One of the characteristics of Lu You's poems is the heroism and sacrifice spirit of swallowing mountains and rivers. This has been fully reflected in his life's poems. It was not until he was 82 years old that he sang the poem "When he heard the drums, he could still win the country and Zhao Yan". The second feature of Lu's poems is his sharp satire and resolute struggle against capitulationists. In addition, he lamented his unfulfilled ambition and pinned his hopes on the ideal realm, such as Mourning for the Past, Qiu Si, Occasional Occasional Occasional Occasional Occasion at the Bedside, The Storm of November 4th, etc. In addition, he also has many poems praising a better life, such as "There is no way to answer doubts after mountains and heavy waters" ("Visit to Shanxi Village") and "Small building listens to the spring rain all night, and apricot flowers are sold in the open alley" ("The First Day of Spring Rain in Lin 'an"). The basic feature of Lu's poems is realism. In the way of expression, he generally does not directly describe objective things, but expresses his personal subjective feelings, so his poems are general and lyrical. On the basis of realism, Lu's poems are also full of romantic sentiment. This is mainly manifested in the magnificent imagination of the poet when he pursues the ideal of rejuvenating the country. His imagination is mainly aimed at the golden war, including the battle position, the great defeat of the enemy and the revival of the court. Exaggeration is also a factor that constitutes the romantic characteristics of Lu's poems. For example, poems such as "I'm still in a restless mood and my sword is ringing at the bedside" ("Drunk on the 17th of March") and "A hundred thousand soldiers are overwhelmed by wine and songs in the tipping bucket" ("Heavy Snow on Yiyang Road") are closely related to the tragic and unrestrained style of Lu's poems. The language of Lu's poems is not whitewashed or unfamiliar, but pursues clarity, naturalness and refinement. Show that my son wrote it before he died. Tell his son.
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This poem is Lu You's last wish for his son. This poem expresses that an old man who is dying will never forget his motherland which was broken by foreign invasion. He hopes that on the day when the motherland is recovered, his children can tell him the news of victory. From this poem, people can feel an old poet's strong patriotic feelings on his deathbed. This poem "ShiZi" is a patriotic spark from generate at the end of his life, and it is also a summary of his patriotic thoughts and poems all his life.
Edit this paragraph for future generations:
Scholars of all ages have read the poem Xiuzi, and they are all moved by it. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Kezhuang had a quatrain saying: It is better to set free than to look at Lu Wusheng. Xiao Lu was ashamed and recommended Julian Waghann to Luoyang! As far as I can see, there are no fewer than 30 other comments on Lu's poems (please refer to the Collection of Research Materials on Lu You compiled by Comrade Kong and me), or they have the meaning of "crossing the river three times", or they are in the same strain as Du Fu's "loyalty to the monarch and patriotism". After reading them, some people cry and some express sympathy and regret. It serves to show that this poem is sincere and touching! Shizi is a valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, and the patriotic enthusiasm expressed in the poem makes people cry and think-provoking. "When a bird is dying, its song is also sad; People are dying, and their words are good. " In this poem, the plaintive voice of "I don't see Kyushu" is still a powerful call for the reunification of the motherland and the recognition of its return. Lu You lived in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the first half of the Southern Song Dynasty. Because he fled from the enemy's invasion in his childhood and was inspired by the patriotic remarks of his family and relatives, Lu You felt deeply about the serious national disaster at that time, so as early as his adolescence, he planted the seeds of patriotic revenge in his heart. Since then, this seed has taken root, sprouted, dried up and blossomed, whether it was an official in the imperial court and local government, or joined the army in the front line of Sichuan and Shaanxi, and lived in Shaoxing's hometown in his later years. Although it was constantly destroyed by wind and rain, it also grew, grew, and finally produced rich fruits. There is a passage in the Poems of Oubei written by Zhao Yi, a poet in Qing Dynasty, which is very general. He said: When Weng Fang was in his teens, he had already learned the correct first order, and he was as cold as ice. As far as the meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals is concerned, it is nothing more than a transgressor, so it will remain unchanged for life. After entering Shu, under the protection of the envoy Wang Yan, he passed through Nanzheng to meet Shu and Du. He is full of ambition and really wants to swallow his hands and clouds. In all likelihood, his poems are restored. After leaving Shu, it is still three or four out of ten. After the 1970 s, ... there was no ambition to restore reputation. However, as his "Feeling the Past of the Central Plains" said, "Begging for the East China Sea to Wash the Lake and Sand" and "Travel Notes of Old Horse" said, "The drought locust in the Central Plains has declined, and Julian Waghann sent a letter to the North. When it heard the drum beating, it was still possible to win the country and Zhao Yan ",it was still unforgettable. On my deathbed, there was a saying that "Julian Waghann will set the Central Plains in the north, and the family sacrifice will not forget the words", which shows the ambition of birds flying. Of course, the so-called "five or six out of ten" and "three or four out of ten" here are only rough statistics, and they are only quantitative and superficial; But it can also be seen that the "quality" of Lu You is consistent, from small to large. 1234 After the Jin Dynasty was destroyed by Mongolia, the Southern Song government transferred troops from Huaixi to Kaifeng, and divided troops from Kaifeng to recapture Luoyang. Liu Yi was excited, thinking that Lu You's descendants would obey his will and tell Nai Weng the good news. However, the good times did not last long. The small court in the Southern Song Dynasty, dominated by singing, dancing, lakes, mountains and treacherous court officials, could not resist the fallen nomads, let alone the Mongolian army, which was "an enemy of zhangfang". Thanks to patriotic soldiers and civilians, this crumbling regime lasted for more than forty years. At this time, Lin Jingxi, a adherent of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem "Reading Lu Fangweng's Poems", which was extremely painful. At the end of the poem, the four sentences say: "The green hills are full of sorrow, and the war situation is full of sky. I came to Kyushu to see my grandson. How can I tell him about the family sacrifice? " In other words, when Lu You died, it was a pity that he didn't see Kyushu Tong. Now his grandchildren have seen this situation, but it was not the Song Dynasty that unified China, but the emerging Yuan Empire. How can such news be told to his old man's house? Of the two poems mentioned above, the first one is full of the passion of "however, I packed my books and poems crazily", and the second one expresses the grief of "the voice of national subjugation mourns". Both joy and sadness are caused by the poem "Xiuzi". Their patriotic enthusiasm is closely related to land travel. They are all models of patriotic poets in China, and even now they are unforgettable for future generations. But most of the above people were infected by this poem, which led to the decline of * * *, but they didn't have time to make a detailed analysis of its content. What is worthy of readers' reference and recommendation is the article Patriotic Poetry by contemporary Mr. Zhu Ziqing. In this article, he divides the patriotic poems in China's classical poems into three items: one is loyalty to the ancient times, that is, loyalty to a surname; Secondly, praise the soldiers who bravely killed the enemy; Secondly, it is also hatred of aliens. And pointed out that the third item is based on nationality and has a wider scope. He believes that Lu You "has always been an official, but his patriotic enthusiasm is not just for the reputation of the Zhao family. He joined the army in the northwest and strengthened the enemy. For the sake of the nation and the country, he always has the ambition to restore the Central Plains. " Therefore, in the patriotic poems of past dynasties, he especially praised this poem "Shizi" and made a concrete analysis of it. The poem "Shizi" is the last will written by Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, which expresses the poet's deep and strong patriotic passion for reunifying the motherland.
Extended reading:
1
I know there is nothing after death, but I am sad that I can't see the reunification of the motherland. Don't forget to tell your father the good news when the imperial army goes north to recover the Central Plains.
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Poetry, ancient poetry, Lu You
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