Problem description:
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Analysis:
Zhenguan dignitary
"Refer to the old history, pinch its meaning; In its macro words, the righteousness is to punish and persuade. "
Zhenguan dignitaries is a political history book. This book is mainly about memorizing words, basically talking about the dialogue between Li Shimin and Emperor Taizong, and his deputies Wei Zhi, Wang Jue, Fang Lingxuan, Du Ruhui and others. And some ministers' advice. In addition, some important political and economic measures were recorded.
Although Zhenguan politicians recorded historical facts, they did not organize the whole book in chronological order. Instead, starting with summing up the experience of Emperor Taizong in governing the country and warning the emperor's intention today, he will learn from the monarch, Ren Xian and coachable, teach the prince, be moral and ethical, be upright in Xiu De, advocate Confucianism, consolidate the foundation and lenient punishment, conquer the frontier, and be cautious in the end. It is not only the historical record of Emperor Taizong's rule of chastity, but also contains rich political views and successful administrative experience in governing the country and protecting the people.
This book is a unique and inspiring historical work created by transforming and updating the ancient narrative genre in the history of Chinese historiography.
Zhenguan dignitaries is a 10 volume written by Jason Wu, a historian in the Tang Dynasty, with 40 articles and more than 80,000 words.
Jason Wu was born in Junyi, Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan) in Tang Dynasty. He was born in Zhang Zong, Tang Gaozong for three years (670) and died in Tianbao, Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty for eight years (749). Jason Wu was determined to pursue historiography when he was young. Wu Zetian began to work as a historian on the recommendation of a friend. Jason Wu has a sincere loyalty to history. At that time, Wu Sansi led the compilation of national history, and Wu Sansi and others took cronies as the boundary, so their records were untrue. In a fit of pique, Jason Wu wrote Tang Shu Tang Chunqiu in order to leave a legacy for future generations. When he was in Tang Zhongzong, he was appointed to fill the vacancy, and Liu Zhiji and others edited the record of the day. After the book was finished, he was moved to the living room and moved into the water.
Department doctor. At the beginning of Kaiyuan, I invited myself to continue studying history, so I was allowed to co-write Zongruilu with Liu Zhiji and rebuild Zetianlu. After Liu Zhiji's death, Zhang called it Xiang. When he saw the story in the book that lured him to frame Wei, he felt uneasy.
He deliberately said to Jason Wu: "Liu Wu (he knows something) compiles factual records and remembers Wei Qi's official duties. He never forgave each other and talked about it. " Jason Wu calmly replied, "This is the Book of Songs, not Gong Liu's. The herbs are still there. That man is dead. Don't falsely accuse him of a ghost, so that "xianggong" has a strange ear. "
Zhang said several times that he wanted to delete it, but he flatly refused and replied in awe: "If you take human feelings, what is a straight pen?" (For the above quotation, see Journal of Tang History Museum. ) Jason Wu's integrity was praised by people at that time, and people praised him as a contemporary Dong Hu. He has been engaged in historiography for more than 30 years and compiled 65 volumes of Tang Shi. In the seventeenth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (729)
Later, he was transferred from the official position of Shangshu, and successively served as the minister of Sima, Taiwan, Hong, Rao and Qi in Jingzhou, and served as the governor of Shangshu, the magistrate and the master of Hengwang. After the age of 70, he felt that the history of the Southern and Northern Dynasties was very complicated. He wrote 10 Volume History of Liang Qi and Zhou Dynasty, 5 Volume History of Chen and 20 Volume History of Sui Dynasty. His life is a life of hard struggle for the cause of historiography, and his noble demeanor has become an example for later historians to learn.
Zhenguan Politicians was written at the time of Kaiyuan and Tianbao. At that time, the society still showed a scene of prosperity, but the social crisis had already appeared, and politically sensitive Jason Wu had already felt the trend of decline. In order to ensure the long-term stability of the Tang Dynasty, he deeply felt it necessary to sum up the successful experience of Emperor Taizong in getting along with the monarch and ministers and making great efforts to set an example for the emperors at that time. Zhenguan dignitaries was written for such a political purpose, so it has always been cherished by successive dynasties because it has great reference value in governing the country and reassuring the people.
The feudal political problems described in the book are comprehensive and detailed. Jason Wu regarded the monarch as the key to the feudal regime. In his first book, Jundao, he first discussed the way to be a monarch. He quoted Tang Taizong's remarks: to be a good monarch, we must first stabilize the people's hearts, and to stabilize the world, we must first correct ourselves. It is right for feudal politics to regard daughter-in-law and self-cultivation as the two major elements of the monarch. As for the monarch's personal cultivation, he took Emperor Taizong as an example to show that self-denial and self-surrender are very important. Doing these two points is the key to the success of Emperor Taizong.
In the practice of rulers of past dynasties, these two articles are of universal significance to political security.
In the book, Jason Wu also focuses on the use of talents. The book introduces the deeds of Emperor Taizong who knows how to be good at people and appoint people on their merits. Emperor Taizong had a profound understanding of employing people. He repeatedly stressed that "the key to politics is to get people." ("Zhenguan politician worships Confucianism") For talents, he put forward the requirements of high moral character, self-denial, diligence and honesty. To this end, he not only took a series of measures to select talents, but also attached great importance to the assessment and rewards and punishments of officials. Through the efforts of Emperor Taizong, a group of talents were concentrated in the politics of the early Tang Dynasty, which is one aspect of the problem. On the other hand, the emergence of a large number of talents also played an important role in consolidating the feudal regime, organizing people's production and stabilizing people's lives. It is the monarch, ministers and saints, and the whole mind that has contributed to the emergence of the rule of chastity. Jason Wu seems to agree with Wei Zhi here: "Architecture is the structure of clouds, not the branches of trees; The merit of the emperor is not the strategy of a scholar. " ("Sui Shu" Volume 66 "After Discussion") Knowing and using the virtuous has always been a problem that ancient politicians attached great importance to. Tang Taizong's practice of getting along with the monarch and ministers provided a successful proof for this. The account of this in Zhenguan dignitaries leads the discussion of this issue to a deeper level.
In the book, Jason Wu also summarized the major policies of Emperor Taizong's dynasty. Among them, Yanwu's more successful ones were: revising prose, advocating Confucianism, strengthening the rule of courtesy, relaxing law enforcement, recuperating, stabilizing people's hearts, adopting appeasement policies, and appeasing the surrounding ethnic minorities. Agriculture is the basis of stabilizing people's minds and governing the country, which is the knowledge of wise rulers in past dynasties, but it is rare to really grasp this link and achieve practical results. Emperor Taizong also attached great importance to agricultural production. He said: "Everything must be based on business. People-oriented country, people-oriented, food and clothing-oriented, food and clothing-oriented, loss of time-oriented. A husband who has lost time can be heard in the simplicity and tranquility of the people. If the soldiers move repeatedly, the construction is endless, and you don't want to seize the farming season, what can you get? " ("Zhenguan Politicians Farming")
This statement is not much newer than that of previous political critics. However, as a ruler himself, with this understanding and the ability to implement it into his own policies and guidelines, its role will be immeasurable. After the war, Emperor Taizong promoted his simplicity and inaction to a light taxation and recuperation policy for the people all over the world, which soon received good results. In the later period of Zhenguan, the world was rich, which can be compared with the literary world in the early Han Dynasty. Rulers of past dynasties have been obsessed with this, but it is a considerable problem to turn it into reality through hard work. Zhenguan dignitaries are very concerned about this.
Description is of great theoretical significance.
Emperor Taizong is a very shrewd politician. He is very concerned about how to maintain long-term stability and make the Li family's world as stable as a rock. He saw it clearly: "The previous generation, the masters of entrepreneurship in troubled times, grew up among the people, all knew the truth and were rarely defeated. I caught the monarch who kept culture for generations, was born with wealth, did not know suffering, and moved to extinction. " In view of this, he took great pains to select and educate the heir to the throne. Although his efforts ended in failure: his crown prince Li Chenggan was abolished because of his arrogance and extravagance, and another prince, Li Zhiyong, was weak and incompetent and failed to inherit his career well. But he took care of his children behind him, which showed his political foresight and was worth learning from feudal emperors. Wu Jinglian's articles such as "Divide the Kings" and "Teach the Kings" describe this, which shows that he also thinks this is a major issue related to national security.
Some negative things in Jason Wu's thought are also reflected in Zhenguan dignitaries. For example, the fifth volume of the book lists some preaching of feudal ethics; In the sixth volume, there are many discussions about self-cultivation. Of course, it is hoped that the rulers will step forward and set an example for Xiu De, but it also shows Jason Wu's attention and piety to feudal ethics.
Zhenguan dignitaries are also valuable historical materials. At present, there are no notes, records and national history in the Tang Dynasty, and Zhenguan Dignitary is an early history book that records the history of Tang Taizong Dynasty. Many important historical facts are preserved in the book, but the historical facts recorded in the later books, such as Old Tang Shu, New Tang Shu and Zi Tong Zhi Jian, are not satisfactory in some aspects.
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