"Bi Xia Temple" was built in Mount Tai, Song Zhenzong, and has been rebuilt many times by later generations. Bi Xia Temple was originally named Zhao Zhen Temple and Zhao Zhen Temple in Jin Dynasty. After the expansion in the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Bixia Lingyou Palace. The name of Bi Xia Temple may have been renamed after it was rebuilt in the 35th year of Qing Qianlong. Bi Xia Temple now has two courtyards and five halls. Its biggest architectural feature is that there are 360 ridges on the top of the temple, symbolizing 360 days a year.
Bi Xia Temple is dedicated to Bi Xia Yuan Jun, known as "Fairy Bi Xia Yuan Jun" by Taoism, and is said to be the daughter of the Jade Emperor. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Erzhi's Gossip about Guan 'an once recorded such a short story: When Emperor Ren Sheng of the Han Dynasty prevailed, there was a couple who were married in stone carvings on Mount Tai. During the Five Dynasties, the hall collapsed and the stone statues were broken. The children don't know where they went, but the jade girl fell into the "jade girl pool" on the top of Mount Tai. When washing hands in the Jade Girl Pool in Mount Tai, Song Zhenzong, a stone statue surfaced. After washing, it turned out to be a jade girl stone statue that once fell into the jade girl pool. So Song Zhenzong ordered a company to build an ancestral temple for herself, named it the daughter of the holy emperor, and named the fairy herself Bi Xia Yuan Jun. "Folk commonly known as" Taishan mother ",according to legend, fairies protect women and children. Let's go to the Bi Xia Yuan Jun Hall in the temple courtyard. There are five rows of halls with double eaves and octagons, resplendent and magnificent.
Due to the storm at the top of the mountain and the extremely cold winter, the five main halls of Bi Xia Temple are easily broken. So the tiles and eaves bells in the main hall are all made of copper. The tiles of the left and right three annex halls and five mountain gates are all made of iron. There is a fragrant pavilion in front of the temple, and the statues and decorations in the pavilion are also made of copper. It was the water beast that riveted the tiles to prevent fire. The outer plaque of the main hall was inscribed by Emperor Qianlong: "Praise the Emperor of East China", and the inner plaque was inscribed by Yong Zhengdi: "Fusui Haining". This temple is dedicated to Bi Xia Yuan Jun. The East and West Annex Buildings are dedicated to Grandma Yan and Queen Songsheng respectively. It is said that this Bi Xia Yuan Jun, Grandma Sunshine and Empress Songsheng are sisters. Three sisters are particularly prestigious among elderly women, which is an important reason why many elderly women insist on climbing mountains. Just like in our real life, the prestige of this leader depends on whether he can win the support of the masses. It seems that the main thing is whether the work can be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Ok, continue to visit Bi Xia Temple.
In front of the main hall is the "Xiangting", where a small bronze statue of Yuan Jun is enshrined, which is probably the place where Grandma Taishan "cooks a small stove" for pilgrims. On both sides of the exhibition hall are two huge bronze monuments. These two huge bronze monuments face to face are commonly known as "Golden Monument", and the one in the east is the "Taishan Fairy Golden Que Monument" in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. To the west is an inscription on the construction of Mount Taishan Lingyou Palace during the Apocalypse. In front of the pavilion are the bronze tripod and the Long Live Building cast during Jiajing and Wanli periods in Ming Dynasty.
There are four bronze statues in the south gate of Dashanmen, which are the four door gods of Qinglong, Baihu, Suzaku and Xuanwu. On the left and right are two bell and drum towers. There used to be a song and dance building in front of the South Building. Grandma Yuan Jun seems to like listening to songs and watching dances, too. Outside the door is the vault, commonly known as the "fire pond", where Grandma Yuan Jun collects donations. All day, cigarettes filled the air and paper fires rose. Examination set
We know that Taoism regards Mount Tai as "the ancestor of thousands of mountains, the ancestor of five mountains, the god of heaven and earth, and the home of the gods", so the reputation of Bi Xia Temple spreads far and wide at home and abroad, and the incense is very prosperous. From 65438 to 0982, Bi Xia Temple was designated as one of the key Taoist temples in China.
Well, dear friends, we have visited this "Palace in the Sky" now, and we will continue to visit Mount Tai in other scenic spots.
Guide words of Confucius Temple
Distinguished guests:
Hello! Entrusted by the tourism and reception department, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all the distinguished guests visiting the famous city of Qufu. I'm glad to be accompanied by a guide. This is a good opportunity for us to study together. Please leave your comments after reading it.
First of all, I will give you a brief introduction to the history and cultural relics of Qufu. Qufu, a famous historical and cultural city, is the hometown of Confucius, the hometown of Yasheng Mencius, the birthplace of Xuanyuan Huangdi, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the capital of China, the old country of Shang and Yin, and the capital of Shandong. Four of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors lived and worked here for more than 5,000 years. There are rich treasures underground and many cultural relics on the ground. At present, there are cultural relics 1 12, including 3 United Nations protection units, 3 world cultural heritage sites, 4 national protection sites, 4 provincial protection sites 12, and others are municipal protection sites.
The most important ones are "three holes, two temples and one mausoleum" and "three mountains, two forests and one temple". Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest, commonly known as "Three Holes", have temples dedicated to Duke China and Fu Hui, the first disciple of Confucius, commonly known as "Two Temples"; "Yiling" is the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor-Shouqiu Tomb in Shao Hao; Three Mountains; Confucius' birthplace is Nishan, Han Group Jiulong Mountain and Jiuxian Mountain (also known as Jiu San). The second forest is: Meng Mu forest, the best mother to educate children in the world, and Lianggong forest, where Confucius' parents are buried; "One Temple" is the national garden "Shimen Temple" where Li Bai and Du Fu wrote poems, answered correctly and separated, and the famous scholar Kong lived in seclusion.
Now let's look at the Confucius Temple. Confucius Temple, also known as the shrine, is a place where Confucius, his wife, Guan Shi and seventy-two sages are sacrificed. Confucius Temple is the same as Beijing's: The Forbidden City and chengde mountain resort, Hebei Province are called the three ancient buildings in China. Experts told the Confucius Temple four words: the oldest building, the most magnificent building, the most intact building and the most prominent oriental architectural features. Two problems can be seen from the Confucius Temple: First, Confucius' great contribution to China and even the eastern culture; Second, there are skilled craftsmen in the history of China.
The Confucius Temple was founded in 478 BC, and it was built the year after the death of Confucius. There are three temples in the former residence of Confucius, which display Confucius' clothes, cars, books and so on. "Worship at the age of 20" emperors expanded the Confucius Temple, 15 major repairs, 3 1 minor repairs, and hundreds of minor repairs reached the present scale. Imitating the Confucius Temple in the Forbidden City, it is divided into three roads and nine courtyards. * * * There are 466 houses and 54 pavilions, which run through a central axis from east to west. There are nearly 1,000 stone tablets, covering an area of 327.5 mu, two Li Long, with a length of150m. The Confucius Temple we see now is the scale of Hongzhi period in Ming Dynasty. After liberation, the state allocated funds for maintenance and protection many times. The first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in China 1994 12 have been listed as world cultural heritage and become United Nations cultural relics protection units. It is rare for the Confucius Temple to be built for a long time, with a large scale and complete preservation.
Shinto. The vibrant part of Cooper in front of Wan Ren Palace Wall is called Shinto. In front of important temples, there is a special way to worship and be told, which is called "Shinto".
Wan Ren Palace Wall. This gate is the south gate of Qufu Mingcheng and the first gate of Confucius Temple. Hanging on it are the four Chinese characters "Wan Ren Palace Wall", which is the imperial pen of Emperor Qing Qianlong. From Confucius' proud disciple Zi Gong. When Lu was a vassal, it was suggested that Zi Gong was as knowledgeable as Confucius. When Zigong was present, he immediately stood up and said, I dare not compare with my teacher Confucius. Human knowledge is like a wall. My wall is only one inch high, and there are several walls of my teacher. In other words, my knowledge is as high as a shoulder, and there is nothing profound at first glance; Confucius' knowledge is several times that of me. After detailed research and comprehensive discussion, you can know all about him. After entering the door, you can see the beauty of the ancestral temple, which is invisible outside the door. In order to describe Confucius' profundity, later generations went from counting Confucius' walls to "hundreds of Qian Qian and hundreds of feet" until Ming Chengzu named Confucius "the master of the world's civil servants and the teacher of emperors" and praised Confucius' knowledge as "Wan Ren". Looking up, there is no roof, which also shows that the wall is deep and the foundation is solid. These four words were written by an imperial envoy of the Ming Dynasty. In order to show his importance to Confucius, Qianlong changed his calligraphy "Wan Ren Palace Wall" into his imperial pen.
Jin Shengyu Zhen Fang, a workshop built in the Ming Dynasty, is to express Confucius' exquisite and perfect knowledge, just like the whole process of playing music, which is intact from beginning to end. Ancient music starts with ringing a bell, starts from the beginning, ends with a blow, and "Yu Zhen" is called "final coherence". It praised Confucius' knowledge as a collection of sages and sages, so it was called "Golden Sound and Jade Zhen", and the bell began with "Yu Zhen". This is also the origin of the idiom "a good beginning and a good end". "Jin Sheng Yu Zhen" was inscribed by Hu Maozong, a great calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.
Two cypresses make a hole. After Yuzhenfang, a single-hole stone arch bridge, there is an ancient cypress in each thing, so it is called "two cypresses bear one hole". The name of this bridge is "Panshui Bridge", which is connected with the water in the basin next to the palace, so it is called "looking for water". I used to read the book of Confucius and Mencius and was admitted to an institution of higher learning, which was called "looking into the future". Those who are officials hope to get promoted, those who do business hope to get rich, and those who are alive hope to make a fortune.
Outside the temple wall, there is a tablet on the horse, one on the east and one on the west. The tablet on the horse and the tablet on the sedan chair were erected in AD 1 19 1 year. The monument in the west has long been destroyed, and the monument in the east reads "Officials are waiting to dismount here". In the past, civil and military officials and ordinary people got off the sedan chair and walked to show their respect for Confucius and Confucius Temple.
Lingxingmen was built in the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt in A.D. 1754, and changed from wood to stone. "Lingxingmen" is the imperial pen of Qianlong. According to legend, there are "twenty-eight nights" in the Milky Way in the sky, and one of the stars in charge of culture is called "Yun Xing", also known as "Xing" and "Tian Zhen Xing", which connects Confucius with the stars in charge of culture in the sky and says that he is the highest in culture. For example, in the past, "Wenquxing" had to be sacrificed first, and there was a saying that Confucius was respected like heaven.
Taihe Yuan Qi Workshop was built in the Ming Dynasty in A.D. 1544. It praised Confucius' thought and advocated that "the universe can nurture everything". The combination of heaven and earth, the combination of four directions and the combination of yin and yang are the most basic things, that is, the harmony of the universe and the vitality of the world. "Taihe" was written by Shandong Governor.
Go to Temple Square. The "Supreme Hall Square" built in the Ming Dynasty is made of white marble and decorated with flame spheres.
Virtue is heaven and earth, and Tao is ancient and modern. In this courtyard, a grotesque archway is built on the east and west sides, surrounded by wooden corners, and there are eight monsters named "Dragon and Lion" below. According to legend, it is powerful and majestic, elusive, and can exorcise evil spirits and strengthen the body. The memorial archway on the east side reads: "Virtue is heaven and earth", saying that Confucius thought advocates that the interests of mankind are as high as heaven and earth, and merits can be compared with heaven and earth. The memorial archway on the west side reads "Tao is the crown of ancient and modern times", praising Confucius' thoughts and methods as the crown of the world.
The sacred gate. Three doors tied, four as above, central panlong. The name of this door comes from Mencius. As for the four ancient saints, Boyi, Yi Yin, Liu Xiahui and Confucius, Mencius summarized the sacred traces of the four saints into four sentences: Boyi's saint is pure, Yi Yin's saint is duty, Liu Xiahui's saint is harmony, and Confucius's saint is holiness. "Shi Sheng" spoke highly of Confucius' immortal thoughts, and he was a saint suitable for the times. When the emperor came to Qufu, he made a "three kneeling and nine knocking gifts" to Confucius and stepped out of the holy gate. The "Duke of Feast" of past dynasties opened the "gate of sacred time" when he was born. Except for these two cases, this door is not easy to open. Take the shutter and the high door.
Take a quick look at the door. In other words, Confucius' knowledge is "Five Classics and Four Books". Whoever learns first will have culture, and whoever learns first will have knowledge, competing to learn, and taking pleasure in reading first.
Raise the high gate. It was named after a passage in which Yan Hui praised Confucius. Yan Hui said that the higher the master's skill is, the stronger it will be. Praising Confucius' knowledge is called "Migao", and classical Chinese is difficult to understand, which is called "Mijian". Height is not unattainable, but can be learned through hard work. Yan Hui said: "The master is well-behaved, amiable and charming, which makes me polite." My teacher is very persuasive and teaches me culture and manners.
Han shiren. There are two Han Shiren with high historical value in the pavilion of Yanggaomen. One is the local official "Tingchang" in the Han Dynasty, and the other is a government pawn. Both of them are guarding the tomb of King Lu. Shi Min has always been valued by epitaphs in past dynasties, which is of great value to the study of costumes and characters in Han Dynasty.
Jinshui Bridge, with the same name as the bridge in front of the Forbidden City, is also called Jinshui Bridge, also known as Bishui Bridge, with three holes arranged and clear water rippling.
The Red Gate crossing the Jinshui Bridge is the "Red Gate" appointed by the Ming Emperor, taking the meaning of "Man can preach, but not preach" in The Analects of Confucius. Confucius is an ordinary scholar. Why did he become a saint? Praise Confucius for summing up the experience of sages, especially for Tang He's civil and military ways. "People can preach and say that people can direct the creation of all things. If they are not Taoists, they are not all commanders. This is to praise people's subjective initiative. " There are two stone tablets under the Red Road Gate. The four monuments in the east are the Chronicle of Qufu Evolution, which records the evolution history of Qufu. It was established in the Yuan Dynasty and has high historical value. The Epitaph of Mr. West Chu Shi has high calligraphy value.
Dazhong Gate. Dazhongmen is the gate of Confucius Temple in Song Dynasty, which is called "Zhonghe Gate", which means that problems can be easily solved with Confucius' thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, the temple was renamed "Dazhongmen", praising Confucius' knowledge as a great achievement of human knowledge. The middle way is the "golden mean", "the golden mean is the right way in the world, and the golden mean is the world", which is impartial and not easy. If you leave the middle, it is not the right way, but an evil way and a crooked door. In other words, we are not left or right, fair and correct, and moving forward is the golden mean. There is a watchtower at the east and west ends of Dazhongmen, and two towers are used to guard the Confucius Temple.
Wentongmen, four famous brands, map of Confucius Temple. There are four big monuments around the entrance of Dazhong Gate. On general ethics from Hongzhi tablet in western Ming Dynasty. On the right side of Hongzhi Monument, there is a picture of Confucius Temple painted by Li Dongyang, a gifted scholar of Ming Dynasty in Changsha, Hunan Province, which is of great value.
Chenghua Monument was erected by Chenghua Emperor Zhu Jianshen in Ming Dynasty. There are two situations that have attracted the attention of celebrities in past dynasties. First, Chenghua Monument is written neatly, standardized, standard, exquisite and beautiful, and its font and brushwork are "famous in the world"; Second, Confucius has the highest evaluation. Emperors all over the world commented on Confucius. The highest evaluation is Emperor Chenghua. He compared Confucius' thoughts and methods to eating, dressing and spending money, which could not be separated for a day. With the principles and methods of Confucius, people can make the best use of their talents, make the best use of their things, and make the best use of their talents, otherwise it will be a mess. As the saying goes, those who have a hole are the world, those who have no hole are the world, and those who oppose the hole will lose the world. For example, the inscription says: "I only care about Confucius' way, and there is no day in the world." If there is Confucius' way, it is simple and moral, and everything is in its place ... Confucius' way is like a drop in the bucket in the world, and people's livelihood is indispensable ... Confucius was born a saint, leveled the world, was virtuous and honest, and became a saint from swimming for 3 thousand. "
Tongwenmen takes the word "human combination", which has the same meaning. It means that Qi Xin can work together and unite to do a good job; Words should be unified, and only unified words can record the experience of historical exchanges, and random words will be confused. Wentongmen is an important barrier in front of Kuiwen Pavilion.
Kuiwen Pavilion, originally a library building, is a place to collect imperial books. It was built in the second year of Song Tianxi (AD 10 18), and was renamed "Kuiwen Pavilion" when Jin Zhangzong rebuilt it. This unique and magnificent building, made entirely of wood, is an isolated case in China Construction. After several earthquakes, Kuiwen Pavilion was not destroyed. In the 5-year earthquake in Kangxi, Qing Dynasty, "nine out of ten houses fell, one survived, and Kuiwen Pavilion stood still". Li Dongyang, a senior official in Ming Dynasty, once wrote "Fu of Kuiwen Pavilion", praising the architectural research value of Kuiwen Pavilion. It is a monument at the east end of the porch.
East of the pavilion and Westinghouse are called "fasting places", which are places where sacrificial personnel fast and bathe. The East Courtyard is the place where the Duke of Feast stayed. Both Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong used to wash their hands when offering sacrifices to Confucius. The West Courtyard is where worshippers stay. Zhao Xun, the 70th generation grandson of Confucius, collected more than 30 memorial tablets/kloc-0 for worshipping Confucius Temple in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties on the courtyard wall, so Xizhai lodge is also called stele courtyard.
Thirteen stone pavilions. This is the sixth courtyard of Confucius Temple. There are 55 monuments in the museum, which were built in Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Their contents are all records of the worship of Confucius, the evaluation of Confucius and the repair of Confucius temples by emperors and imperial envoys, including Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian and Basiba. Eight in the south and five in the north, so it is called the Ming Tombs Pavilion. Because all the monuments were built with the approval of the emperor, it is also called the Royal Monument Pavilion. The third and sixth pavilions from the east in the front row were built in the Jin Dynasty and are rare buildings in China. All the historical sites carried by the cart are called "Imperial Monuments". It is said that the Dragon King has nine sons, and it is the eighth son. It loves "Wen" and is good at bearing burdens. The stone tablet has words and is thick, which is suitable for its characteristics. Its image should be a dragon head, a turtle body, eagle legs and a snake tail.
The third pavilion from east to north is a monument erected by Emperor Kangxi. The stones collected in the western hills of Beijing pass through the Grand Canal and are transported to the economically developed south here. Experts calculate that this monument weighs 1.3 thousand Jin, and it freezes when it starts from Jining, and sometimes it only walks in the place where cows lie. There are good stones in Qufu, which should be shipped from Beijing to show the emperor's attention to Confucius. There is a monument in the southeast and southwest of this hospital, which records the temple worship of princes and ministers. Calligraphy is of great value.
There is a door for everything in this courtyard, with "Cui Yumen" in the east and "Guande Gate" in the west. Commonly known as Donghuamen and Xihuamen.
From here, the Confucius Temple is divided into three roads, with Dacheng Gate in the middle, Jinsheng Gate on the left, Yuzhen Gate on the right, Enlightenment Gate on the west and Shengsheng Gate on the east. The architectural structure of Dachengmen is "jagged and intrigued". The center insert is "hook heart" and the left and right corner tips are "fighting angle". The gate is the imperial pen of Yong Zhengdi. Praising Confucius is a combination of sages and sages, reaching the highest level.
The owner planted cypress trees by himself. The tall juniper tree on the left of the gate was planted by Confucius. According to records, Confucius cut down three juniper trees here. In the second year of Jin Zhenyou's reign (A.D. 12 14), the trees withered and grew new branches, which was once "three withered and three glorious". During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Guangxun, a gifted scholar, wrote five big characters: "The master planted the cypress by hand".
Two corridors. There are 80 houses in two rows on both sides, which are called "East-West Houses" and are places where seventy-two sages are worshipped. Confucius claimed to have 3,000 disciples and 72 people with comprehensive skills in six arts, culture and martial arts, which were enshrined in the East and West. Emperors of all ages are entitled to share the sages. Such as Dong Zhongshu, Han Yu, Wang Mingyang, Zhuge Liang, Kou Zhun and Yue Fei. By the Republic of China, it had been sealed to 156. The last sage was Mr. Liang Qichao. The original statues and tablets were changed into wooden tablets. The East-West Pavilion now displays the stone carving collection of Gui Zhong before the Song Dynasty. The most precious national treasure is 22 steles in the Han and Wei Dynasties, and the highly valuable calligraphy works such as The Book of Rites, Yi Ying, Shi Chenbei, Zhang Menglong and Mi Fei are all rare treasures. There are more than 65,438,000 "Han stone reliefs" in Xi 'an, which are precious materials and artistic treasures for studying the history and social life of the Han and Wei Dynasties. There are 584 stone carvings on display at the northern end of the cave, written by the sixty-ninth generation of Confucius, Sun Kongyu Ji and Yuhonglou Fa Tie.
Xingtan. It was built to commemorate Confucius' speech. Confucius gave a lecture to his disciples under the apricot tree in Tutai. 10 18 In the Song Dynasty, when Daofu Kong, the 45th Confucius, supervised the renovation of the Confucius Temple, he moved and expanded the main hall, built a pavilion in the former site of the main hall, planted apricots around it, and named it "Xingtan". Xingtan is the seal script of Dang Huaiying, a famous scholar in Jin Dynasty. In the pavilion, there is the imperial calligraphy "Xingtan Zan" written by Emperor Qianlong. This is his first visit to Qufu. There are more than 50 plaques, couplets and banners inscribed by Qianlong in Qufu.
Dacheng Hall This is the main hall of the Confucius Temple, and it is also called the three major buildings in the East, together with the Taihe Hall in the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Tiangong Palace in Dai Temple in Tai 'an. Very valuable. The hall with a long history is Dacheng Hall. This temple is 24.8m high, 45.7m wide and 24.89m deep. Surrounded by 28 dragon pillars carved from all stone, it is exquisite in craftsmanship and profound in attainments. In particular, the front porch of the temple has a 10 deep relief rolling dragon column, which is really rare in the world. 10 There are 20 dragons in a row, facing each other up and down, wrapped in a bead, with different expressions, all the same. The more you look at it, the more vivid it is, and it is lifelike on the stone. This is the masterpiece of Huizhou craftsmen. When the emperor visited Confucius in Qufu, Confucius wrapped the dragon column in yellow silk so that the emperor could not see it directly. He was afraid that the emperor would be unhappy and blamed it. The remaining 18 columns are eight-sided bas-relief dragon columns, and each column is carved with nine dragons on one edge and eight edges. 1989 72 dragons 1296 dragons. This is a rare stone carving art treasure. Overview Dacheng Hall is magnificent.
Five saints and twelve sages. There are 17 statues in Dacheng Hall.
Five great saints. Confucius, the most holy, means the saint among saints, supreme. Confucius is in the middle, wearing twelve crowns, twelve royal robes and holding a shocking laurel, which is awe-inspiring There are four matches on both sides: on the east is Fu Feast, which tells the story of the son; To the west are Saint Ceng Zi and Saint Mencius. There are six in the east and six in the west, which are called twelve sages. Confucius' disciples are 1 1, such as Zigong, Luz and Ran Qiu. One of them is Zhu, a famous Neo-Confucianist in Song Dynasty. Because of his understanding of the five classics and four books, he was named a saint. The plaque "People are not sages, to err" is Mencius' praise to Confucius, saying that "People are not sages, to err". Since the beginning of mankind, no one has surpassed Confucius in an all-round way, so it is called "the unborn man." The model through the ages was inscribed by Kangxi, and Confucius was named "the teacher of emperors through the ages, the model of mankind through the ages, the teacher of emperors, and the model of being a man." "Sven is here" was written by Guangxu, which means that all the cultures in the world are here. A hall specially built for the official family of Mrs. Confucius. It is the third largest building in Confucius Temple. Guan Qijia was born in the Song Dynasty (Shangqiu, Henan Province). She married Confucius at the age of 65,438+09, and later gave birth to a good wife and mother, Kong Li. He died seven years before Confucius, was named "the most holy teacher" and enjoyed sacrifices like Confucius. There are 28 stone pillars carved with phoenix around the sleeping hall, and 72 phoenixes are carved on each stone pillar, which is the same as the number of dragons, so it is called the Dragon and Phoenix Hall. Confucius' deeds are recorded in the form of stone carvings and comic books. There are 120 illustrated stone carvings, which were built by He, a descendant of Confucius and governor of the Ming Dynasty. A famous painter in Wuxian painted some stones and carved them on the inner wall of the temple. It is China's first complete comic book about people and literature. It has high historical and artistic value. On the front of the hall, the "Master of All Ages" was written by Kangxi, and the crown of Confucius was painted by Wu Daozi, a great painter in the Tang Dynasty. At the eastern end of the hall is the imperial tablet of Confucius in Kangxi Dynasty, and at the western end is the portrait of Confucius walking in religion painted by Gu Kaizhi, a famous painter in Jin Dynasty. Commonly known as "the little shadow of Confucius", it is closest to the face of Confucius. There is also the seal script that Mi Fei praised Confucius in the Song Dynasty: "Confucius is bigger than Confucius, before Confucius, after Confucius, Confucius is bigger than Confucius." To be clear, Confucius is great! Unprecedented, unprecedented!
Confucius Temple West Road is a place to pay homage to Confucius' parents. His father, Uncle Ge Liang, and his mother, Yan Zhizai, were named King Kai and his wife Sheng Kai by the emperor, and there were buildings such as King Kai Hall, Bedroom Hall and Golden Hall.
Confucius Temple East Road is divided into two parts. The front yard is the former residence of Confucius and there is an "old well of Confucius". The place where Confucius collected books for the ninth generation was called Ruby. The classic we should see now is Ruby. To commemorate Confucius' education of his son's reading, a "poetry hall" was built. Confucius said that "if you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say, you don't learn etiquette, you have nothing to stand for", which means that you don't learn poetry, you can't speak, and you don't know how to stand. In the Poetry Auditorium, there is a famous sculptor, Mr. Shi Ke, who carved a stone carving "The Monument Map" imitating Chinese painting. The backyard is a shrine dedicated to five generations of ancestors of Confucius.
Gentlemen, Confucius Temple is like a school of history and knowledge. Due to the limited time, we only saw the main ones that I want to introduce. Confucius is a saint and a great traveler. He traveled around the world 14 years, publicizing his knowledge of self-cultivation and managing the country in a family, and collecting valuable information. There are many relics about saints, which are worth seeing. Although our time together is short, our friendship will last forever. I hope you will come to Qufu again, and we will serve you well.
The Confucius Temple ends here. Thank you for your cooperation. Welcome to visit again.
Tour Guide Words of Qi State History Museum
Linzi is a famous historical capital of China in ancient times. From the early Western Zhou Dynasty, Jiang Taigong sealed Qi Jianguo, to the Spring and Autumn Period, when the Duke of Huan was the hero, the Warring States was the hero, and Jixia Academy was founded, which advocated a hundred schools of thought contending. By the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Linzi had been the capital of a vassal state 1300 years. During the Warring States Period, there were 70,000 families in Linzi City. "On Linzi Road, the car hub collided, people jostled shoulder to shoulder, connected into a curtain, rolled up their sleeves into a curtain, sweated into rain, became rich and ambitious"; During the Western Han Dynasty, Linzi was a world-famous city with "100,000 households, thousands of city rents, and many rich people surpassed Chang 'an".
Jiang Taigong, Qi Huangong, Guan Zhong, Yan Ying, Sima Yi, Qi Weiwang, Sun Bin, Tian Dan and other sages all showed their talents here, and wrote brilliant chapters for the history of Qi and the history of the Chinese nation. It has added brilliant brilliance to Qi culture and Chinese culture.
More than 2,000 years have passed. Although the magnificent palaces and pavilions no longer exist, the ancient city walls and palaces of Qi still exist, and there are more than 150 tombs of Qi kings and celebrities standing inside and outside the city. The ancient city of Qi is famous for its man-made landscapes, cultural relics and historic sites, and is known as the "underground museum" because of its extremely rich underground cultural relics. The state has taken various protective measures. The municipal and district people's governments have made full use of Qi culture to develop cultural relics tourism, and built castle-like historical exhibition hall of Qi State, fierce horse hall of Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Linzi stone carving art museum, drainage crossing of Qi ancient city, Confucius Wenshao place and other cultural relics tourist attractions with both cultural relics value and ornamental value, with different forms and characteristics. Just from a dozen cultural relics, we can get a glimpse of the great power and appreciate the glory of the former hegemon.
Let's go to the Qi State History Museum first.
The castle-style building we see now is the Qi State History Museum, which is one of the top ten special-shaped museums in China. It was built in the form of connecting the large and small parts of the ancient city of Qi, with a building area of 2,600 square meters. There are two arched round doors in the east and south, and the four characters "Qiong Qi Fu Yuan" are embedded in the lintel, which means "the first house that collects and displays the exquisite and magnificent treasures of Qi". Its interior decoration adopts the style of Han Dynasty, which is simple, elegant and unique, making the display content and form complement the external environment and indoor atmosphere.
Let's look at the preface hall first. The first thing we saw was a photo of the Great Wall of Qi. Qi Great Wall is one of the oldest Great Walls in China. It was built from 480 BC to 500 BC. It starts from Fangmen, Pingyin County, extends eastward, and enters the sea in Zhu Xiao, jiaozhou city, with a total length of 1000 miles.
Three giant logs with a diameter of 0.6 meters stand in the middle of the preface hall, and the top is inlaid with a diamond-shaped stainless steel pattern with a diagonal of 1.2 meters. Rough logs are in sharp contrast with delicate patterns, which has profound implications. It is the symbol of the Museum of Qi History and the symbol of the ancient word "Qi".
The third part of Preface Hall is Geographical Map of Qi State, which is a map of Qi State in Zhang Chunqiu's later period. It is 3.5 meters high and 6 meters wide, simple and elegant, with fine workmanship. Qi is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, bordering the North China Plain in the east, the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in the east, the Yellow River in the west, Muling in Yishui in the south, Wudi and Fiona Fang in the north, covering more than 2,000 miles, occupying most of Shandong Province.
Next, let's take a look at the exhibition hall of Qi Dynasty. The exhibition in the pre-Qi period consists of five parts, the 15 exhibition hall, which not only highlights the history, but also highlights the cultural relics, forming a historical exhibition sequence of Qi State. Let's talk about the former Qi period first.
Before the establishment of the State of Qi, a rich ancient culture had been formed around Linzi. At present, the earliest discovery is the post-Li Wenhua era. Because it was discovered in Liguanzhuang after Linzi in 1990, it is called post-Li Wenhua, which is 8300-7300 years ago. It is a culture more than 1000 years earlier than the northern new culture. These cultural relics were unearthed from the post-Li Wenhua site, and their main features are simple shape and soft texture, mainly red pottery with sand, with reddish brown accounting for the vast majority. Most of the production tools are mussels, and there are few stone tools.
Dawenkou culture is developed from the northern new culture. Yu 1959 was first discovered in Dawenkou, Tai 'an, Shandong Province, and was named after it. From 6500 years ago to 4500 years ago, society has entered the patriarchal clan system. Pottery is mainly red pottery, but also gray, black pottery and a small amount of hard white pottery, mainly hand-made, with wheel system in the later stage, and its shape is relatively regular. The production tools are mainly grinded stone tools, and the bones, horns and teeth are also numerous and exquisite. 1973, many Dawenkou cultural pottery, such as red pottery and gray pottery, were unearthed at the Xue Jia site in Linzi.
Later, Dawenkou culture was transformed into Longshan culture, which was the scene of the production and life of Qi ancestors during Longshan culture period. Let's learn more about Longshan culture. Please continue to visit.
Longshan culture is a kind of culture in the late Neolithic period. 1928 was first discovered in Chengziya, Longshan Town, Zhangqiu, Shandong Province, so it was called Longshan Culture, which was 4500-3900 years ago. 12 Longshan cultural sites have been discovered in Linzi area, the largest of which is the Tianwang site in Tonglin, covering an area of 500,000 square meters. This photo is a stratigraphic profile of the site, and the upper layers represent the cultural layers in different periods. Pottery is mainly gray pottery, followed by black pottery, red pottery and white pottery are rare. There is a kind of thin and shiny "eggshell pottery" in black pottery, such as "as thin as paper, as bright as a mirror and as black as paint", which shows the exquisite pottery-making technology of our ancestors and reaches its peak.
This is called pottery, which is a kind of cooker. The upper part can be steamed rice, called retort, and the lower part can be boiled water, called retort. There is a hole in the middle of the waist to allow steam to pass through. Height 1 15cm. A cooked meal can be eaten by more than a dozen people at the same time, which reflects the prosperity of patriarchal families.
Yueshi culture is a culture that is later than Longshan culture and earlier than Shang culture. Named after the Yueshi site in Pingdu, in the calendar year of Xia Dynasty from 3900 to 3600 years ago, that is, its utensils have the same characteristics in form and different local colors; The Neolithic culture and bronze culture are organically linked. The square hole stone shovel unearthed in Linzi area is a representative object of Yueshi culture.
Shang tribe was originally a branch of Dongyi nationality, and most of its early activities were in today's Shandong Province. Agriculture was developed in Shang Dynasty, and many kinds of grains were used to make wine. Handwork has been able to cast exquisite bronzes and fire white pottery. Exchanges have also expanded, and larger cities have emerged. The fishing songs and songs unearthed from the ruins of the ancient city of Qi and its surrounding areas show that the State of Qi was built on the ruins of Shang Dynasty.