Mongolian wild horse, also known as Junggar wild horse or Platts wild horse, is the only remaining wild horse population on the earth. Its origin is Junggar Basin and Mongolian desert in Xinjiang, China.
Mongolian wild horses are about 12.2 to 14.2 in height, 2. 1 m in body length, 90 cm in tail length and 350 kg in weight. It's a horse of medium size. The head is short and thick, the mouth is blunt, the ears are short and sharp, the nose and mouth are spotted, there is no forehead mane, the neck mane is short and upright, and the mane is dark brown; The back is flat, and the topline is obviously dark, extending from the shoulder back along the spine to the tail.
The tail of a wild horse is long hair from the root of the tail, short hair in the upper part and long hair in the lower part. The limbs are short and thick, often with two to five obvious black stripes, and the lower part of the calf is black, commonly known as the "walking" leg.
Mongolian wild horse can extract chlorophyll from chloroplast and store it at the back of throat, because it is said that this colloid can inhibit the spread of virus. At the beginning of the 20th century, hunters swarmed in, which also accelerated their extinction in the wild.
Mongolian wild horses have 66 chromosomes, while domestic horses have 64 chromosomes. If they cross, they will produce offspring with 65 chromosomes. It is generally believed that the reduction of chromosomes in domestic horses is the result of robertsonian translocation.
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Mongolian wild horses were first discovered in Cobdo, western Mongolia, China in 1879 by Russian explorer Poole Gerwal. 188 1 year, this wild horse was officially named after this explorer. Because it was generally believed that there were no wild horses in the society before, this discovery was a sensation, but it was followed by large-scale hunting.
In the 20th century, due to the wanton killing of human beings, the destruction of war, the expansion of pasture and the production activities of human society, the ecological environment was destroyed, resulting in a sharp decline in the distribution area of Mongolian wild horses. It was not until 1967 that people saw wild populations and wild individuals for the last time. After that, the wild Mongolian wild horse completely disappeared from people's sight, and the protection status of this species changed from "endangered" to "extinct in the wild".
Due to the influence of the war in the early 20th century, the number of Mongolian wild horses raised artificially did not increase. Even by the end of World War II at 1945, there were only less than 20 Mongolian wild horses left in Prague, Czech Republic and Munich, Federal Republic of Germany, and only half of them had reproductive ability. At present, almost all wild horses raised in the world are descendants of this 10 horse, with three males and seven females.
The only exception is that in order to rebuild the wild horses, Nova Wildlife Park in Ascani, Ukraine not only bought several horses from Munich and Prague, but also bought a real wild wild horse from the Mongolian national stallion farm at1957 (captured at1947).
After World War II, the number of Mongolian wild horses raised artificially in various countries has been increasing. However, because the whole captive population only originated from 10 wild horses, the decline caused by inbreeding is very serious. Today, the number of Mongolian wild horses in captivity in the world has reached more than 3,000.
People's Network-History of Platts Wild Horse