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Works of Ge Hong and Tao Hongjing
Tao Hongjing sorted out the historical materials of Yang and others' missionary work, compiled a book "True Letters Patent", and systematically expounded the history of Shangqing Classics School. He opened a Taoist temple in Maoshan to recruit disciples and founded the Maoshan School. Tao Hongjing also did a lot of research on foreign alchemy in Maoshan. Deng Zhen's secret recipe is devoted to the art of preserving health and becoming immortal. He attaches great importance to the bait alchemy, and is the most famous alchemist after Ge Hong. In view of the development and changes of Taoism after Wei and Jin Dynasties, Tao Hongjing compiled the first book on the religious system in the history of Taoism in China, The Map of True Spirit. Exclude gods, earthly gods, ghosts, immortals and people. "Although there are real people with the same name, there are several genuine products, and there are hundreds of billions of immortals with eyes." Tao Hongjing is good at medical treatment, and he has written Compendium of Materia Medica, Tao's Herbal Medicine in Seclusion, General Tactics of Medicine, etc. His Record of Nourishing and Prolonging Life is still an important health preserving classic. The classification method of drugs initiated by his Notes on Materia Medica has been used to this day. In addition, Tao Hongjing has many works, such as Tao's Hermit Collection, Then Collection, Huangbaifang and so on. His calligraphy and painting works include "The Picture of Two Cows" and "Shan Jutu". Tao Hongjing's "Gao Zhen", Deng's "Yin Zhen Collection" (lost), "Ye Tu", health preservation and longevity, and notes on materia medica are all Taoist history, and the history of science and technology is a masterpiece. Unfortunately, most of the original works were lost. Taoist books now include: Hua Yang's Collection of Tao's Seclusion, Record of Keeping Healthy and Prolonging Life, etc. Ge Hong wrote a lot of works in his life, including Bao Puzi's Internal and External Chapters, Biography of Immortals, Elbow's Emergency Prescription and so on. Bao Puzi established the theoretical system of Taoist immortals, which is a valuable material for studying the history of Taoism and thought before the Jin Dynasty in China. It is divided into two parts: the inner part summarizes the immortal theory since the Warring States Period, inherits Wei Boyang's alchemy theory, and at the same time combines immortal alchemy with Confucian canon, and integrates this canon with Taoist precepts, requiring believers to strictly abide by it; In the foreign articles, Confucianism, Mohism and Buddhism are all eclectic, and respecting the monarch is heaven. Dissatisfied with the talk of Wei and Jin dynasties, he advocated paying equal attention to literature and morality, and his words should help to educate. The Inner Chapter mainly discusses the immortal theory and alchemy method since the Warring States period, and expounds his own views and practice on immortals. It is a relatively complete alchemy work of China in his early days. Waipian is a political and ethical work, which expresses Ge Hong's social and political ideas. The value of Bao Puzi lies not only in its theoretical demonstration of the possibility of immortality, but also in its chemical knowledge embodied in alchemy, which is an important research object of China's chemical history. In addition, Bao Puzi also dabbled in pharmacology and medicine extensively, and recorded a large number of minerals and botanicals, and its discussion on the etiology and treatment of some diseases was also very profound. Bao Puzi is also of great reference value to the study of Ge Hong's philosophy and social and political thoughts. The book Legend of Immortals contains the deeds of 84 immortals in ancient legends. Although things are bizarre, many of them are often quoted in later health literature; Some of these contents can also be used for reference in the study of ancient health preservation in China. Biography of Immortals had a certain influence on the writing of Biography of Fangshu in the later Han Dynasty. Elbow Backup Emergency Prescription has preserved many ancient medical books in China and recorded many common folk prescriptions for treating diseases. It is an ancient standing first aid manual, widely circulated in Southeast Asia, and is an important historical material for studying medicine in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.