Chapter one: the teaching objectives of the rise and fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
1. I know that Guangwu Zhongxing, consorts and eunuchs alternate authoritarianism and the Yellow Scarf Uprising.
2. By comparing the same reasons and functions of "the rule of cultural scenes" and "the revival of martial arts", we can basically grasp the application method of historical comparison method.
3. Through the analysis of the reasons for the prosperity of Guangwu, it is found that the rise and fall of the dynasty is closely related to the ruler's strategy of governing the country. So as to cultivate the viewpoint of historical materialism and correctly analyze historical figures and events.
The key point of learning is to revive with martial arts, and to alternate authoritarian power with consorts and eunuchs.
The main causes of social unrest in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
learning process
The content design of this lesson is divided into three parts: the first part is "Guangxu Zhongxing"; The second part is "the consorts and eunuchs have alternate authoritarian power"; The third part is the "Yellow Scarf Uprising".
First, Guangwu Zhongxing
1. Read the textbook and tell about the establishment of the Eastern Han regime (including background, time, people and capital).
2. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, what measures did the ruler (Emperor Guangwu) take to govern the country? What kind of prosperity has emerged?
3. What are the similarities and differences between Guangwudi's policy of "Jiu Jitsu" governing the world and that of the Western Han Dynasty?
Similarities: from the background and purpose, the rulers learned the lesson of the demise of the previous dynasty, in order to ease class contradictions,
Maintaining rule is also a countermeasure to reverse economic depression and social unrest; Auxiliary measures
Generally speaking, it is mainly to reduce the burden on farmers and resume the development of production, but it is the hero's land that benefits the most.
Lord; Judging from the effect, there has been a prosperous situation.
Differences: Emperor Guangwu paid attention to solving the problem of handmaiden, and paid attention to official rectification and cultural education; Guangwudi's "softness"
Tao "nourished the powerful landlord forces and made the Eastern Han regime lurk hidden dangers." . The policy of "rest and recuperation" in the Western Han Dynasty laid the foundation for the "promising" of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the prosperity of the Western Han Dynasty.
Second, consorts and eunuchs alternate authoritarian power.
1. Read the textbook and answer.
(1) Who are the consorts and eunuchs? Why can they monopolize power?
(2) What are the consequences of consorts' eunuchs' alternating authoritarianism? At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs alternated authoritarian power and became politically decadent.
2. Material: In the last years of Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty, a nursery rhyme was circulated in Kyoto: "Straight as a string, died on the side of the road; Song is like a hook, and it is an enemy of India. " What kind of political situation did this nursery rhyme reflect at that time? This folk song shows that the people are fearless and fearless.
The spirit of fighting for one's legitimate rights and interests, being neither humble nor humble, and dying.
Three. Yellow Turbans Uprising
1. Read the textbook and answer the questions (root cause, direct cause, leader, slogan and result of the Yellow Scarf Uprising)
2. Material analysis.
Material 1 "Hair like leek, cut back to life; Head like a chicken, cut and ring; There is no need to be afraid of officials, and Wang Can has always been light. "
(1) This is a folk song at that time. Think about it, what kind of mood does this folk song reflect?
The second material, Biography of the Later Han Dynasty, records that after the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising broke out, the insurgents "burned officials and robbed them".
Juyi; The county fell, and the officer fled. In ten days, the world responded. "
(2) Why did the Yellow Scarf Uprising get the response of the world?
At that time, the imperial court was corrupt, the eunuchs and consorts fought constantly, the frontier wars continued, the national situation became weaker and weaker, and the tax revenue was not reduced because of the national drought. Under the command of Zhang Jiao, a giant deer man, poor farmers with no way out rose up in succession. Wearing yellow scarves on their heads, they shouted the slogan "Heaven dies, heaven stands, and the world is prosperous at the age of Jiazi", and launched a fierce attack on the bureaucratic landlords and the imperial court in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Chapter two: the teaching objectives of the rise and fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Knowledge and ability
Knowledge goal: to understand the social unrest caused by the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the autocratic power of consorts and eunuchs in the Eastern Han Dynasty; Understand the cause, process and great significance of the Yellow Scarf Uprising in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Ability goal: To guide students to compare the similarities and differences between "prospering the country with martial arts" and "governing the scenery with literature", sum up the reasons for the prosperous times in ancient China, and cultivate students' analytical and comparative abilities. Guide students to collect historical stories, observe historical pictures and analyze historical materials. Guide students to cooperate and communicate in groups and cultivate students' sense of team.
Process and method
(1) Through reading the teaching materials, this paper expounds the important reasons for the emergence of "the prosperity of military power", and thus realizes that the appropriate policies of the rulers are an important factor for the prosperity of the country.
(2) By studying different historical materials, let students summarize the political situation in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the relationship between this situation and the demise of the Eastern Han Dynasty, so as to realize that political decay is an important reason for the demise of the dynasty.
(3) By telling the story of the Yellow Scarf Uprising and analyzing its significance, let students realize the heroic spirit of the peasant class against the decadent ruling class.
Emotional attitudes and values
Through the study of the lesson "Rise and Fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty", let students understand the profound connotation of "governing the country by culture and declining the country"; Through the "Yellow Scarf Uprising", we know that where there is oppression, there is a reason to resist.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
Focus: Guangwu Zhongxing
Difficulties: Compare the similarities and differences between "rejuvenating the country with martial arts" and "governing the cultural landscape"
Teaching methods and learning navigation
(1) adopt situational method to stimulate students' curiosity and let them actively participate in new lesson learning.
(2) Cultivating students' independent ability and ability to sum up knowledge by using the method of independent reading is the reason for the emergence of Guangwu Zhongxing.
(3) Group discussion is adopted to discuss "promoting martial arts" and "managing literature", so as to improve students' historical knowledge level in the collision between re-knowledge and old knowledge.
(4) Using the method of historical data research, it is one of the important methods to train students to follow the principle that theory comes from history and let them master the historical data research.
Teaching preparation
Teacher preparation: collect pictures and historical materials and make multimedia courseware.
Student preparation: Look up and prepare historical stories related to this lesson on the Internet or in the library.
Chapter III: The rise and fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty introduced new lessons.
20 14 is the year of the horse. Since ancient times, horses have been one of people's effective tools and the most loyal "friends" that people can rely on. There is such an emperor who became attached to horses in history. Tell you a short story (slide show): In the early days of Liu Xiu's army, the influence of Fuling rebels was still very small. After Xinye's great victory in World War I, it was followed by Zhiyang's great defeat. When Liu Xiu and her sister Ji Bo fled in panic, they met their second sister Liu Yuan and tried to pull Liu Yuan onto the horse. Liu Yuan knew that there were many people immediately, and the speed dropped. Maybe all three of them couldn't escape, so he gave up the horse and banged it on the hip with a stick. As a result, Liu Xiu and his sister managed to escape, but Liu Yuan was killed. Liu Yuan's generous death saved his sister-in-law. In the struggle against the restoration of the Mang, Liu Xiu's family successively sacrificed more than ten people, including their eldest brother Ada, second sister Liu Yuan and second brother Liu Zhong. The horse's strength is limited, but to fight to the death, the affection between brothers and sisters is infinite, and the heroism to realize the ideal of restoring the Han Dynasty is infinite.
After the students read the story, the teacher asked the following questions: What is the struggle with the unruly in the story? What is the main achievement of Liu Xiu, the protagonist of the story? How did the feudal society flourish during his reign? What measures are closely related to the emergence of this prosperity? Today, let's go into lesson 14 "The Rise and Fall of the Eastern Han Dynasty" to reveal the answer to the question.
Teach a new lesson
First, Guangwu Zhongxing
The teacher asked: (1) When and who established the Western Han Dynasty? (2) Who was the emperor who realized the unification of the Western Han Dynasty? (3) What was the name of the prosperous period of feudal society in the Western Han Dynasty? Ask different students to answer.
Student 1: In 202 AD, Liu Bang.
Student 2: Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty
Student 3: the situation of "the rules of culture and scenery"
The teacher said: But in the late Western Han Dynasty, the politics of the dynasty became more and more corrupt. In AD 9, consort Wang Mang (referring to the emperor's mother's family and wife's family) seized power, established a new dynasty, and the Western Han Dynasty perished. Wang Mang's ruling aggravated social unrest and caused peasant uprisings everywhere. In 25 BC, Liu Xiu (the imperial clan of the Western Han Dynasty), the leader of the rebel army, established political power and made Luoyang its capital, which was called "the Eastern Han Dynasty" in history.
Projection:
Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is in the east of Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, just as Luoyi, the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, is in the east of Haojing, the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, so it is called the Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history. Historical books parties in past dynasties called the Western Han Dynasty the pre-Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty the post-Han Dynasty.
Teacher: Liu Xiu is Emperor Guangwu. In the later period of his rule, the society was in a relatively stable situation, and the economy was restored and developed, which was called "the glory of martial arts" in history. Let the students read the materials and sum up what measures are closely related to the implementation of Emperor Guangwu.
Student: (1) Release the handmaiden, lighten the burden on farmers, and lighten the criminal law.
(2) merge counties, reduce officials, strengthen supervision over officials, and punish corrupt officials.
(3) Allow northern minorities to move in and ease ethnic conflicts.
Teacher: There was a situation of "ruling the literary scene" and "promoting martial arts" in the Han Dynasty. Ask the students to discuss and summarize the reasons for the emergence of ancient prosperous times according to the contents of the two prosperous times. Special requirements Special requirements for projection slides
★ The time limit is about 10 minute.
★ Summary requires that the language be concise and clear, and grasp the essence of prosperous times.
★ The team leader can assign different team members to explain the reasons for the appearance of "Wen Jingzhi" and "Xing Wu Zhongxing", and then summarize the communication and collision between team members, and the team recorder will form a text.
★ Teachers randomly check the discussion results of each group. If the group that has not been randomly selected disagrees with the answer, you can raise your hand to make a supplementary speech.
After the answers of each group come out, the teacher can summarize the answers of each group and project slides.
The emergence of ancient prosperity is also for the same reason.
The rulers learned the lessons from the demise of the previous dynasty, adjusted their ruling policies, and neglected taxation.
Rulers are good at employing people and easy to be teachers; Rulers strengthen centralization and safeguard national unity.
The long-term persistence of effective policies requires continuity and stability.
Teacher: Do "revitalizing Wushu and rejuvenating the country" and "ruling the cultural scene" have reference significance in building a harmonious society today? Student 1: Yes, because if a country wants long-term stability and prosperity, it must constantly adjust its policies and pay attention to people's livelihood. Student 2: Yes, because social development and progress need talents, Ren Xian can promote social development better.
Student 3: Yes, because the development of a country can't just focus on the present, but should have a long-term development vision like the emperor above. Teacher: With the efforts of Emperor Guangwu, the prosperity of the Han Dynasty reappeared, but after the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the country
What changes have occurred in politics?
Second, consorts and eunuchs alternate authoritarian power.
The teacher showed the slides.
Historical materials: Before Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty, a nursery rhyme was circulated in Kyoto: "Straight as a string, died by the side of the road; Bend like a hook, and seal the Hou. " A person who is as upright as a bowstring will eventually end up at the ends of the earth and exposed to the roadside; The dishonest flatterer, clinging to the trend and stealing the name of Ashi, is extremely glorious. )
Liang Ji, the second princess of historical data, successively abolished san huang and monopolized the state affairs for more than 20 years. His family are all bureaucrats, bullying. They regard thousands of civilians as their handmaiden, and articles from all over the country have to be sent to his home before they dare to give them to the emperor. The young Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was dissatisfied with Liang Ji's autocratic power, saying that he was an "overbearing general", while Liang Ji had people poison the pasta and poisoned the emperor.
Historical materials: schematic diagram of political situation in the late Eastern Han Dynasty
It is up to eunuchs to control state affairs and restore the imperial system.
What political changes did the above materials reflect after the mid-Eastern Han Dynasty? What impact has this change had?
Student: Political corruption, alternate power of consorts and eunuchs.
Student: It led to social chaos, shook the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and made the Eastern Han Dynasty decline.
Teacher: With the increasingly corrupt political affairs and turbulent situation in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large number of poor people in the society were displaced and natural disasters occurred frequently. The broad masses of people could no longer stand this dark rule, and resistance spread among the people.
Third, the yellow turban insurrectionary.
The teacher showed the slides.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the folk song: "Hair like leek, cut back to life, head like chicken, cut back to life;" There is no need to be afraid of officials, and Wang Can has always been light. "
-"Taiping Yulan" Volume 976 contains Cui Ai's "Political Theory"
Explanation: Our people's hair, like leeks, can be revived after being cut. In ancient times, cutting hair was also a punishment. Our common people's heads are like chickens, which can ring again after being cut. Officials need not be awed, and the people can never be despised.
What kind of emotion does this folk song reflect?
Student: This ballad embodies the people's spirit of not being afraid of power, bravely fighting for their legitimate rights and interests, being neither humble nor supercilious, and dying.
Teacher: This ballad was written by the people oppressed by officials, and it reflects the present situation of people's poverty in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In this regard, the leader of the peasant uprising, Zhang Jiao, led the Yellow Scarf Uprising by raising the flag. Projection slide