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Is Yin-Yang and Five Elements Health-preserving Prescription the Link between Taoism and Qi Culture?
Taoism is the largest indigenous religion in China, which originated in the Han Dynasty. As can be seen from various historical materials, Taoist thought absorbed pre-Qin Taoist thought, Huang Lao school thought and witchcraft superstition thought. There are two landmark events about the formation of Taoism, one is the appearance of Taiping Jing, and the other is the appearance of Taoist religious groups. Judging from the current historical data, the earliest religious group in Taoism was Huang of Qi State, and the earliest one to spread Taiping Jing was Gan Zhongke of Qi State. It can be seen that the emergence of Taoism has a very deep origin with Qi culture. So why did Qi have the soil to produce Taoist thought?

First, Tian Jia and Taoism in Qi originated from Taoism, which is an important ideological source. Taoism, with Laozi as the leader and Tao Te Ching as the classic, advocates quietism, self-cultivation and transformation of Yin and Yang. It can be seen that Taoism and Taoism also have a certain origin. In the pre-Qin Taoist thoughts, there are some deified thoughts about health preservation, which is undoubtedly related to the Taoist pursuit of longevity.

People who are good at taking pictures will not meet tigers when traveling, nor will they join the army as soldiers. -"Tao Te Ching" is the ultimate virtue. Fire can be hot, water can be drowned, cold and heat can be harmful, and animals can be stolen. -"Zhuangzi" column Drum Snake Mountain is on the Haihe River mainland. There are gods and people on the mountain, attracting wind and drinking dew, and not eating grains.-"Liezi" Lao Zi

However, Qi was one of the spreading centers of Taoism during the Warring States Period. Since the Warring States period, a very important thing happened in Qi State, that is, Tian, the descendant of Chen State, replaced Jiang's rule in Qi State, which was called "Tian Dai Qi" in history. The founder of Taoist school in the Spring and Autumn Period was Chen Guo's Lao Zi. Tian not only inherited Laozi's thought in Qi, but also established it as the official thought. There are many thinkers in Tian's Qijia (including), such as Sun Wu, Sun Bin, etc. They all attach great importance to the military application of Tao.

Xia Ji College

In the period, Gong Xue was opened in Linzi, with the purpose of defending the fields. On the one hand, the rulers of Qi claimed to inherit the cause of the Yellow Emperor, on the other hand, they advocated to inherit Lao Zi's thought, so "Huang Lao Xue" came into being. By the time of Qi Xuanwang, Gong Xue, Xia Ji was already a prosperous scene, with many important scholars, such as Chunyu Kun, Tian Pian, Shen Dao and so on. The prosperity of Xia Ji and Gong Xue and the expansion of the influence of Taoism made the thoughts of the Huang-Lao School take root in the State of Qi, and influenced scholars from generation to generation.

Second, the Qi and alchemists of the Yin and Yang families have many connections with Taoism, Yin and Yang studies and alchemy. During the Warring States Period, the Qi State produced the Yin-Yang School under the influence of the Taoist concept of Yin and Yang, with Zou Yan and Yi as the main representatives. They combined the Taoist philosophy of Yin and Yang with the element view of the five elements, which also had an important influence on Taoist thought. As early as Sun Tzu's Art of War, Yin and Yang and the Five Elements have been mentioned. "Therefore, the five elements are impermanent, and the four seasons are impermanent. The days are short and the months are long, and the months die and live. " The early Taoist classics are also full of yin and yang and five elements. For example, the Taiping Jing says "Take Yin and Yang and the Five Elements as Home", and the old Xiangzi Jules says "Harmony with the Five Elements is in its proper place".

Another major feature of Taoism is the interaction between the five elements and the belief in ghosts and gods, which is one of the important sources of Taoist ghost system and theoretical components. Qi has a strong concept of ghosts and gods. Qi has a large number of alchemists. The so-called alchemists are those who admire divination and immortal magic. The alchemists are also called Taoist priests. After the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang listened to the opinions of Qi alchemists Xu Shi, Hou Sheng and Lu Sheng many times, and sent them to Penglai, the abbot, Yingzhou and other places where the so-called immortals lived, in order to live forever.

Xu fu

Since the Han dynasty, with the spread of the idea of harmony between man and nature, the concept of ghosts and gods has been widely circulated in society, and witchcraft has been paid more attention. After Emperor Wudi ascended the throne, he paid special attention to the relationship between ghosts and gods and made great efforts to seek immortality in temples. At that time, the disciples of Liu An, the king of Huainan, wrote Huainanzi according to Taoism and the theory of Qi alchemists, and Huainanzi advocated "teaching assistants for ghosts and gods".

In Huainan, there is a book called "Secretary Hong Baoyuan in the Pillow", which records immortals, ghosts, alchemy and Zou Yan's skill of prolonging life, which is really rare. -"Huainanzi" Qi's immortal magic and Taoist superstitious activities and immortal system had an important impact.

five elements

Thirdly, Qi's alchemy medicine and Taoist medicine are in the same strain, and Taoism attaches great importance to the art of health preservation, so it pays special attention to medicine. "Zhuangzi Deliberately" contains "a person who guides the cultivation of the body", stating that "it is only a matter of longevity to get rid of the old and learn the new, and bears can learn from birds", that is, it describes the art of health preservation in early Taoism. According to Records of the Historian, Sean, a Taoist priest, traveled with Pinus densiflora after his success, "learning to avoid the valley and guiding intelligent people to fit in". Qi was one of the activity centers of Taoism during the Warring States Period. Under the influence of Taoism, the medicine of Qi has developed rapidly.

Health guide map

Bian Que, a famous doctor in the Warring States Period, was also from Bohai County, Qi State. After that, Chunyu Kun and other famous doctors appeared in Qi. According to historical records, Chunyu Kun was interested in medical prescriptions when he was young, and he liked them when he was young. Later, he went to Bian Que's "pulse book" to "preach the pulse book of the Yellow Emperor and Bian Que". Judging from the contents recorded in Historical Records, Maishu was deeply influenced by the Taoist concept of yin and yang of the five elements and played an important role in the formation of Huangdi Neijing. Huangdi Neijing, named after Huangdi, obviously belongs to Huangdi School.

He was read and tested by his pulse book, five-color diagnosis, strange cough, yin-yang external change, medical theory, Shi Ling, yin-yang forbidden book and so on. -"The Biography of Bian Que Cang Gong" Bian Que

Taoist health and medical skills are closely related to Taoism and alchemists. Taoism's health preserving, medical thought and technology are all in the same strain as Taoism and Huang Lao School. After the formation of Taoism, medicine also matured. After the Han Dynasty, the most important physicians were closely related to Taoism. For example, Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases was formed on the basis of the alchemist's medical work Tang Ye Jing Fa. Hua tuo himself is an alchemist.