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Bamboo is born, one inch cute, but the leaves are awkward. From snakes to swords, there are ten Taoists born. Now painters are doing it one by one. When the leaves are tired, there will be no bamboo! Therefore, painting bamboo must be done on the chest first, and the pen must be familiar. That is, people who see what they want to draw should take the time to follow the painting, so as to catch up with what they see, such as a rabbit falling down and dying without standing up. And can be taught to do so. You can't give it, but you know why. A husband knows what he is, but he can't. There are differences inside and outside, the heart and hand do not correspond, and there is not much to learn. Therefore, anyone who is unfamiliar with it looks at himself equally during the day, but suddenly loses it when facing something. Is it a person?

Yu Zi is the last work of "Zhu Mo Fu": "I am good at cooking, and I also take it from those who solve cows and those who keep fit; The wheel is flat, so is the wheel, and the reader is with it. Today's master is entrusted with silk and bamboo, so he is not a good teacher? " Ziyou never paints, so he gets his meaning. If you give it, you won't get its meaning and method alone.

People who can draw bamboo are not expensive at first, and people from all over the world are stepping on their doors. He threw himself on the floor in disgust and scolded, "I will miss socks." Scholar-officials thought it was a reliable story and passed it on. And you can return from Yangzhou, and the rest is Xuzhou. Yuke wrote a note saying, "Scholars in the near language, Mohist and Zhuzong, are all near Pengcheng, so you can ask. Socks should be pulled from children. " At the end of the book, I copied a poem and said briefly, "I plan to sweep a section of goose stream silk and take the cold tip as long as 10 thousand feet." To talk about energy, bamboo is ten thousand feet long. When I used 250 pieces of silk, I knew I was tired after writing, hoping to get this silk. When he couldn't answer, he said, "I'm talking nonsense. Is there thousands of feet bamboo in the world? " So I answered his poem: "There are also Chihiro bamboos in the world, and the moon has a long shadow." "If you argue with Perilla, you will argue," he said ridiculously. "However, with 250 horses, I will buy land and enjoy my old age." The bamboo left by the painting pattern said, "This bamboo is several feet long, but it has the potential of ten thousand feet." Moon Valley is in Yangzhou, which is one of the thirty chants in Yangzhou, "Moon Valley". Yu Yue said, "Bamboo planting in Hanchuan is as cheap as Peng's, but the axe does not spare dragons. The material is poor and greedy, and Weibin has a thousand acres in his chest. " My wife and I traveled in the valley, burning bamboo shoots and eating late, sending letters and taking poems, laughing and spitting.

I was not in Chen Zhou on the 20th day of the first month in the second year of Yuanfeng. On July 7, I came into contact with calligraphy and painting in Huzhou, and I cried when I saw this scrap bamboo slip. Yesterday, Cao Mengde's "Official Document for Offering the Bridge" contained words such as "Opening to Traffic" and "Abdominal Pain". Moreover, giving also contains words that can be laughed at in the past, so that seeing and giving are very close and so on.

[translation]

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When bamboo first appeared, it was only an inch tall, but the nodes and leaves were there. From the cicada's broken shell to the snake's scaly state, it is growing until it grows to eight feet high like a drawn sword. At present, people who draw bamboo are painting one by one, piling one by one. Where can there be a complete living bamboo? Therefore, painting bamboo must first have a complete image of bamboo in your mind. When he picked up the pen and looked carefully, he saw the bamboo he wanted to draw. He quickly got up and followed, and began to draw in one go, so as to catch up with what he saw, such as rabbits jumping and running, falcons diving and fighting, and disappeared after a little relaxation. What you can tell me is. I can't do this, but I know the truth in my heart. Since I know the truth of doing this in my heart, I can't do it because of the difference between inside and outside. Therefore, anyone who has an idea in his mind but is not skilled usually thinks he knows himself very well, but suddenly forgets it at the last minute. Is this phenomenon just painting bamboo?

Ziyou wrote a Fu to Ke, saying: "Chef Ding killed cows, but the people who pay attention to hygiene realized the truth from his actions;" The wheelwright makes wheels, but the reader agrees with him. Since you put your meaning on this bamboo painting, I think you are a person who knows the truth, aren't you? " Ziyou never paints, so he only has his meaning. People like me not only get what they want, but also get what they want.

At first, I didn't value bamboo. People from all over the world came to ask him to paint with white silk, and their feet touched each other at his door. Keke hated them so much that he threw the white silk on the ground and scolded, "I want to make socks with these white silk!" " "Literati kept using his words as an excuse. When you come back from Dangyang House, I am the Governor of Xuzhou. You can write to me and say, "Recently, I told the literati,' We have reached Su Shi, near Xuzhou, and you can ask him to paint. "The materials for making socks will gather in your place. At the end of the letter, I wrote another poem to the effect that "I'm going to draw a cold bamboo with a piece of goose creek silk." I said to Yu Ke, "Bamboo is 10,000 feet long, and 250 wires must be used. I know you are too lazy to write. I hope to get these diaosi. He was speechless and said, "What I said was wrong. How can there be thousands of feet bamboo in the world? " I confirmed it and replied to his poem: "There are also eight thousands of feet-long bamboos in the world, and the moonlight shines in an empty room for so long." With a laugh, he said, "Mr. Su is really good at talking! But 250 silks, I will use them to buy some fields to go home for the elderly. " That is to say, he gave me the bamboo with an inclined valley and said, "This bamboo is only a few feet high, but it has an imposing manner of 10,000 feet. "Wandering Valley is in Yangzhou, and Keke also asked me to write 30" Yangzhou Fu ".Wandering Valley is one of them. In my poem, I said, "The Hanshui River is as low as grass. How can an axe let bamboo go? "? It is estimated that the satrap was poor and greedy, and ate thousands of acres of bamboo forests by the Weihe River. "On the same day, he and Ke played with his wife in Youyou Valley, cooked bamboo shoots and ate them in the evening. When he opened the letter, he saw that it was this poem, and he couldn't help laughing and spraying the rice all over the table.

On the 20th day of the first month of the second year of Yuanfeng, Ke Zai died. On July 7 this year, I was drying calligraphy and painting in Huzhou. When I saw this painting, I put down the scroll and burst into tears. Once upon a time, Cao Mengde offered sacrifices to this bridge. It is said that he did not offer sacrifices to the grave, and his car had abdominal pain. My article also recorded that you can joke with me so that you can be so close to me.

[Appreciation]

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Flowing clouds and flowing water vibrate directly-appreciation of Su Shi's Notes on Painting and Calligraphy Valley and Bamboo.

Struggle Xiao

Although the Story of Painting Bamboo in Wen and Gu is only an inscribed poem, it shows Wen Tong's brilliant painting theory, superb painting skills and noble painting meaning, as well as the author's deep friendship and deep feelings with Wen Tong. The article looks like an essay, but in fact it is loose and concise. "Always do what you have to do and always stop where you can't stop."

The subordinate cousins of Wen Tong, Ke and Su Shi. Su Shi expressed his nostalgia and mourning for him through this article. Yu Wen Hua You Guyan Bamboo Chicken is a kind of bamboo, which grows by the water. The bamboo pole is thick, and the pitch of bamboo joints is long. Yunyou Valley is a valley rich in Yunyou bamboo, located in Wuli, northwest of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province. Yangxian county was ruled by Yangzhou in the Song Dynasty. From the eighth year of Xining in Song Shenzong (1075) to the tenth year of Xining (1077), Wen Tong was a magistrate in Yangzhou and often went to Yunyou Valley to observe bamboo, so he painted bamboo very well. It was at this time that Bamboo in the Valley was painted.

As painting inscriptions, most of them should describe the image of the picture, describe the process of the painter's painting, and explain the collectors' painting experience. In short, appreciation and examination are the main contents. However, Su Shi's "Yan Gu Yan Zhu" is not an ordinary inscription. In fact, it is a commemorative article, expressing the memory and mourning for a poet and a friend and relative who is also a painter. Therefore, it is necessary to break the conventional way of writing inscriptions in ordinary paintings.

What the author wants to remember and mourn is not ordinary friends and relatives, but friends and relatives of a poet and painter. Moreover, this kind of mourning and mourning is caused by painting the deceased's "Yan Gu Yan Zhu", so the best mourning and mourning is to fully point out and affirm the outstanding creation and achievements of the deceased in art. At the beginning of this paper, Wen Tong's artistic view of painting bamboo is also introduced.

Wen Tong advocates that before painting bamboo, we must have a thorough and detailed observation and understanding of bamboo, and then after repeated brewing and conception, we can form a mature and complete image of bamboo in our minds, and then constantly wave our hands to create a picture of bamboo. This process from life experience to artistic creation, that is, the process of thinking in images, is in line with the law of artistic creation. Let's take a look at Su Shi's introduction.

"At the beginning of bamboo, an inch of lovely ears, and the clumsy leaves, from snakes to swords, have also been born." Germination is the bud of vegetation growth. It is a cicada. The snake ring is a horizontal scale under the snake belly. Agkistrodon acutus refers to the shape of bamboo shoots, like stripes under the belly of cicadas and horizontal scales under the belly of snakes. Drawing a sword describes that bamboo shoots are shelled and grow into bamboo, as if the sword were pulled out of the scabbard. Search is an ancient unit of measurement, with eight feet as one search. Ten seeking only means very long and very high, not a real number. These words are about bamboo in real life. It is pointed out that from the moment when bamboo grows an inch long, there are bamboo knots and bamboo leaves. After the bamboo shoot stage, it finally becomes bamboo several feet high. Its bamboo joints and leaves are in the early stage of growth. This means that bamboo is formed and developed as a whole, and does not appear separately according to different parts. The real bamboo is like this, and the bamboo to be represented in the realistic painting should naturally be like this, that is, pay attention to the complete image of bamboo. However, the average painter does not understand this truth. "Today's painters are doing it step by step, the leaves are tired, and there is bamboo!" Piecewise addition, leaf by leaf superposition, refers to the popular bamboo painting method at that time, first hooked with a fine pen, and then colored layer by layer. This painting method of putting bamboo together by adding branches and leaves is of course fragmented. "Is there any bamboo?" In other words, there is no complete image of bamboo. On the contrary, it is ink painting. "So painting bamboo must be done in the chest first, and be familiar with it. But those who see what they want to draw, follow it quickly and vibrate straight, in order to catch up with what they see, such as the rabbit falling, losing its verticality and passing away. " In other words, after careful observation, we have mastered the characteristics of bamboo morphology and expression, and we have a complete bamboo in our chest. In fact, we are brewing a mature bamboo image in our imagination. When we started painting, we paid close attention to it, and all the images of bamboo appeared in front of us, so we constantly devoted ourselves to writing and painted quickly according to this image, as if rabbits suddenly jumped up and storks suddenly landed like eagles. The emphasis here is on artistic conception and creative inspiration, so the painted bamboo is full of charm.

The article truly discusses this paragraph and puts forward a very wonderful idea of painting bamboo. This is the origin of the famous idiom "Have a plan". However, the discussion should not be carried out too much, otherwise it will be divorced from the theme of remembering and mourning the dead. So the following immediately pointed out: "and can be taught to do so." It is pointed out that Wen Tong, the author of Yan Gu Yan Zhu, was mourned and mourned. It was Wen Tong who told Su Shi this way. Su Shi is also a poet and painter. He and Wen Tong have established a profound friendship, not only because they are friends and relatives, but also because they share the same political inclination and artistic hobbies. They write articles to answer questions, sing with poems, and draw with bamboo. Wen Tong's thought of painting bamboo is actually Su Shi's thought. Su Shi once described the process of painting after drinking in a friend's house in a poem Guo Zui painted a bamboo cliff ... "The jejunum is full of wine, and the liver and lungs are full of bamboo stones. If you want to do something, you can't go back and spit on your snow turtle wall. " It means that after drinking a little wine, my mood becomes excited, which arouses my interest in painting. It seems that bamboo and stones have grown in my stomach. I want to show them and draw them on my friend's snow-white wall. This is talking about "having a plan in mind", having creative impulse, being inspired and unable to control myself. Su Shi also said in his poem, "Swim in the sunset mountain ..." That sentence, "It is urgent to write a poem, and it is difficult to copy it after the scenery is lost". It is a bit slow to write a poem as quickly as chasing a fugitive and quickly describe the scenery in front of you. Once the scenery disappears, it cannot be described. This is like painting bamboo, "vibrating directly to catch up with what you see, like a rabbit falling." It must be good at capturing images and displaying them in time. In fact, the principle of painting and poetry is the same, emphasizing the vividness of images rather than pursuing the form of external bodies. As we have said before, Su Shi said in the poem "Drawing Branches in the Master Book of King Yanling": "On the similarity of paintings, it can be seen that they are adjacent to children. Poetry must be this poem, it must be a poet. " He pointed out that paying attention to the similarity of appearance in painting is equivalent to children's common sense. If you still ask to write poetry, then this person must not understand poetry. The hook method of bamboo painting, "step by step, leaves are tired", is to strive for similarity, while the ink painting method advocates "planning" and then-waving, in order to strive for spiritual likeness and express the expression of bamboo through the complete image of bamboo. From these artistic points of view, Su Shi's "Ode to Wen Tong" is no different from a literary sketch ... Su Shi's essays and sketches often have this feature.

Of course, Su Shi is very modest. He said that Wen Tong told him these artistic opinions. Moreover, he also said, "You can't give it, but your heart knows why." He said that although he understood what Wen Tong said, he couldn't actually do it. Why? Su Shi explained it this way: "The husband knows what he is, but he can't. There is a difference between inside and outside, and his heart and hand don't correspond. He didn't learn much. " Here, "there is a difference between the inside and the outside" and "the heart and hand don't correspond" have the same meaning. "Inner" refers to people's thoughts, what they think in their hearts, and understanding some truth; "Exterior" refers to the expression of people's thoughts, that is, what they draw in their hands is done according to the principle of understanding, and the image formed through observation and conception is farewell to pen and ink. Thought and behavior can't be unified, that is, "there are differences inside and outside, and the heart and hands don't correspond", because of "not learning", that is, lack of exercise and practice. This is the "unfamiliar fuck" mentioned below. Su Shi then pointed out: "Therefore, anyone who is not familiar with the language of China can live in peace and see clearly, but how can he not see what is happening?" "Seeing from the heart" means understanding from the heart, and "unfamiliar" means that it can't be used in practice. The result of "knowing what is in the middle but not knowing much" must be "seeing clearly in a calm place, but suddenly losing it in front of something". I usually feel that I know something very clearly, but when it comes to doing it, I can't grasp it completely, and suddenly there is nothing. As long as you don't learn and practice, everything you do is the result, not just painting bamboo! Su Shi actually talked about the relationship between artistic theory and artistic practice here, and he also mentioned the general epistemological principle to emphasize the importance of practice. This is the supplement and deepening of the above discussion about "having an answer", and it is also the heartfelt words of an artist who has deep attainments in poetry, ci, prose, calligraphy and painting. Su Shi pointed out from his own point of view that because he didn't learn, his heart and hands were different. The implication is that while affirming Wen Tong's artistic theory, he further affirms that his artistic practice is "familiar", so he is handy and fluent. The article always revolves around the theme of remembering and mourning Wen Tong. So here's a quote from others praising Wen Tong to prove it. "It is a legacy, saying,' I am a mechanic, I am a cow solver, and the health care person takes it; The wheel is flat, so is the wheel, and the reader is with it. Now that the owner entrusts it to Sizhu, isn't it evil to give it a proper way? "'Ziyou' is the word of Su Shi's younger brother Su Zhe. Zhu Mo Fu is Su Zhe's Fu for Wen Tong's Zhu Mo Tu. With the tone of "guest" in Fu, this paper gives two examples of superb ancient skills to illustrate Wen Tong's skill of painting ink and bamboo, and shows that he understands the universal laws of things. These two people, one is my husband. Dong, Ding, who is in charge of kitchen affairs, is the name of this person. According to Master Zhuangzi, my master is good at killing cattle. He is very familiar with the bones and blood vessels of cattle. He picked up a knife to divide the cattle. His voice is beautiful and his movements are beautiful. He doesn't damage tools or spend energy. Wen Huijun saw his operation and listened to his conversation before he understood the truth of "keeping in good health". The other person's name is Lun Ping. A wheel is a person who cuts wood with a knife and axe to make a wheel. Ping is the name of this person. According to Zhuangzi Heaven, Debate is good at making wheels. He knows how to cut wood with a knife and axe, but only he gets the message and can't express it. Based on this experience, he thinks that all the books read by Huan Gong are the dross of the ancients, which means that some truths can only be understood by personal practice. Duke Huan didn't listen at first, but later admitted that he was right. In this "Zhu Mo Fu", Su Zhe made Wen a skillful craftsman and a round flat wheel. He believes that Wen Tong has a superb talent for painting bamboo, but painting bamboo is only a kind of sustenance. He is actually a person who understands and grasps the laws of things. Su Shi quoted Su Zhe's words to recognize the agility and elegance of Wen Tong's bamboo painting from the height of "Tao", rather than staying in the painting skills themselves. But Su Shi also pointed out: "Ziyou never painted. So, I only get what I want. If I give it, I can only get what I want and get the law. "Because Su Zhe can't draw, he can only comment in general, and Su Shi himself is a painter. He can not only understand that Wen Tong is a "Taoist" person by drawing bamboo, but also master the method of drawing bamboo by Wen Tong. Here, the previous discussion about painting bamboo ended with the sentence "get the right method"

The above is the first paragraph of the article, which spoke highly of Wen Tong's idea and practice of painting bamboo. The second paragraph of the article narrates the letters and poems about painting bamboo by writers and Wen Tong, and then greatly appreciates Wen Tong's painting and painting virtue, and attributes it to the title of "Yan Gu Yan Zhu".

At the beginning of the second paragraph of the article, it says: "Bamboo that can be painted is not expensive at first. People from all corners of the country are invited by others and step on the door. And disgusting, throw it on the ground and scold:' I will miss socks.' Scholar-officials thought it was a reliable story and passed it on. "Su Su" is a thin white silk used for writing and painting. Nie, use your feet. The truth of the word is the word. These words mean that Wen Tong didn't pay much attention to his bamboo paintings at first. When someone asked, he promised to paint for them. Later, more and more people from all directions stepped on their feet and asked to paint. Wen Tong was bored and threw silk on the ground, saying that they were used to make socks, which showed extreme contempt. Scholars and bureaucrats regard him as a talk. Su Shi wrote that Wen Tong painted bamboo, demanding that the painter "enter the door with his feet" and was loved and valued by people. Wen Tong painted bamboo "and was thrown all over the floor to find a curse". Wen Tong refused to pretend to be a painter. He painted bamboo as a secular entertainment, seeking fame and reputation. Wentong refused to draw bamboo for people easily, but joked with Su Shi and invited people to find Su Shi to draw bamboo. Su Shi described it this way, "Yong can return to Yangzhou, and she is Xuzhou, so the book can stay for a long time." I am a scholar-bureaucrat: My school in Zhu Mo is near Pengcheng, so I can ask it. Socks should be pulled from children. " At the end of the book, I copied a poem and said briefly,' I plan to sweep a section of goose creek silk to get a cold tip ten thousand feet long.' "In the winter of the tenth year of Xining (AD 1077), Wen Tong returned to Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, after serving in Yangzhou. At this time, Su Shi was the magistrate in Pengcheng, Xuzhou. Wen Tong wrote a letter to Su Shi from Bianjing in Xuzhou, saying that he told the literati at that time that his ink and bamboo painting had recently spread to Pengcheng. Scholars and bureaucrats can ask Su Shi for ink and bamboo paintings. In this way, the materials of silk and socks are concentrated in Su Shi. Of course, this is a joke, but we can see the close relationship between Wentong and Su Shi, and it also shows that Su Shi and Wentong's skill in painting ink bamboo is indeed "in line with the law". Su Shi's brief quotations from two poems attached to Wen Tong's letter fully confirmed this point. Goose creek silk is the silk produced by Goose Creek. Goose Creek is located in Yanting County, Sichuan Province. The silk produced here is white, even and meticulous, which is very suitable for painting. Sweep means writing. Cold bamboo shoots refer to long bamboo branches that do not wither in winter. These two poems reflect Wen Tong's brush and ink bamboo method: bamboo is "empty with a wave of his hand", painted on a short silk, but it has the potential to soar into the sky, so-called "ten thousand feet long". Su Shi also deliberately joked with Wen Tong and said: "He Ke:' Bamboo is 10,000 feet, with 250 pieces of silk. Knowing that the public is tired of writing, I really hope to get this silk. ""It means that it takes 250 silks to draw 10,000 feet of bamboo. At that time, a silk horse was about four feet long. Su Shi said to Wen Tong: I know you are too lazy to write, so give me 250 pieces of silk and draw 10,000 feet of bamboo. "If you can't answer, you will say,' I'm kidding! Is there ten thousand feet of bamboo in the world?' "Wen Tong admitted that he was wrong. There is no bamboo that is 10,000 feet long in the world. Of course, there is no need to draw so many silks, so these silks are not available to Su Shi. But Su Shi insisted. "I was so honest and answered his poem:' There are Chihiro bamboos in the world, and the moon falls in the sky and the shadow is long.' "Su Shi seized Wen Tong's" Ten Thousand Feet Long "as evidence, and thought that there were indeed bamboos in thousands of feet in 1989. Look at the setting moon shining on the bamboo pole. Isn't the bamboo shadow left in the empty court so long? The implication is that another 250 pieces of silk are needed. In this way, if Wentong couldn't answer it, he took an almost negative approach. " Perilla argued! However, with 250 silks, I will buy a field and enjoy my old age. ""He admitted that he couldn't argue with Su Shi, but he still refused to give the 250 silks, so he had to save the land for the elderly. Su Shi initially proposed not to draw bamboo, but only silk. Now Wentong doesn't give silk, but he still gives Su Shi a picture of bamboo. "After reading the painting Bamboo in the Valley, I said," This bamboo is several feet long, but it is ten thousand feet long. " "At this point, the article points to the painting" Yan Gu Yan Zhu ". The two poets are also friends and relatives of painters and painters. In fact, they are talking about the art of painting bamboo tacitly for 250 silks. The spiritual essence of "I plan to sweep a piece of silk from Goose Creek to ten thousand feet long" and "There are thousands of bamboos in the world, and there are many shadows in the sunset" is completely consistent, which shows the relationship between life and creation, the difference between artistic beauty and natural beauty, and the refining, concentration, exaggeration and rendering of realistic and objective things by poets and painters in their own works. This is the case with the painting Bamboo in the Valley. The so-called "this bamboo is several feet long, but it has the potential of ten thousand feet."

Because when it comes to the valley, it is natural to explain this place. But Su Shi did not introduce it in isolation, but described an interesting and elegant thing about Wen Tong. "Yunyou Valley is in Yangzhou: you can taste it, and make" Yangzhou Thirty Odes ",one of the Yunyou Valley. Yu:' Hanchuan's bamboo is as cheap as Peng's, and the axe does not spare dragons. The material is poor and greedy, and Weibin has a thousand acres in his chest. "Walking in the valley with my wife, burning bamboo shoots and eating late, sending letters and getting poems, laughing and spitting." Wentong likes to plant flowers and trees and build gardens and pavilions in foreign countries. He once wrote 30 poems about all kinds of scenery. Su Shi also reversed the poems one by one, namely "Thirty Poems of Yangzhou" and "Poems of Su Shi" were "Thirty Poems of Garden Pond in Yangzhou", among which the 24th poem entitled "Yun Dan Valley" was the poem quoted here. The poem describes Wen Tong's love for mountains and bamboo, and he likes to eat bamboo shoots. Hanchuan refers to Yangzhou, because Yangzhou is in the upper reaches of Hanshui River. Hey, this is a bamboo shell. Bamboo is a dragon grandson, so bamboo shoots are called dragons. Wei refers to Weishui, Shaanxi. Historical Records Biography of Borrowing and Breeding once recorded "a thousand acres of bamboo in Weichuan", and the people there were therefore very rich, equivalent to "dry households". Here, "Weibin Ganmu" is borrowed to show that Yangzhou is rich in bamboo. The whole poem means that there are so many tall bamboos in Yangzhou that they are like weeds everywhere. Bamboo shoots were cut off by an axe. Yangzhou, the satrap of Wentong, wanted to be poor and greedy. After eating these bamboo shoots, all the bamboo on that large area of land was put into his stomach. This is also a joke, so Wen Tong opened the envelope and finished reading the poem. At that time, he was having dinner and burning bamboo shoots with his wife in Yumou Valley. He couldn't help laughing, and the rice in his mouth spilled all over the table. This brief description is very vivid, portraying Wentong's open-minded and cheerful ideological character, and also showing the close relationship between Su Shi and him, but more importantly, highlighting Wentong's moral character. "Poor" in Zhizhou, eating bamboo shoots, is to write about its incorruptibility, cooking with his wife at night, and writing about its wildness, while "Wei Bin has a thousand acres in his chest" takes care of the previous argument that "painting bamboo must be in his chest first", and writes his own theory of painting bamboo through interesting and elegant things with humorous style.

The above is the second paragraph of the article, and it is written with the title of "Zhu". The reason for writing this article is explained at the end of the third paragraph below. "Yuan feng 20 years, and not in Chen Zhou. On July 7, I came into contact with calligraphy and painting in Huzhou. When I saw this bamboo, I cried myself hoarse. " Chen Zhou is located in Huaiyang County, Henan Province. In October of the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Wen Tong was appointed as the well-known Huzhou, where he was now located in Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province. Wen Tong went to Huzhou to take office. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he died in Wanqiu Post, Zhou Chen, on the 20th of the first month. On July 7th this year, after Wen Tong, he was appointed as Su Shi, who is well-known in Huzhou. When he was drying his paintings, he couldn't help crying when he saw the book Yan Gu Yan Zhu that Wen Tong gave him. He put down the picture scroll and wrote this commemorative article. "In the past, Cao Mengde's official memorial to the bridge had the language of' abdominal pain caused by cars', and it was also for people who could laugh in the past, so that they could meet and get close to each other." Cao Mengde, namely Cao Cao. Gong Qiao refers to Qiao Xuan. When Cao Cao was young, Qiao Xuan gave him a lot of encouragement and help. Later, their friendship deepened. It is agreed that no matter who dies, the living will pass by the cemetery without paying homage to chicken wine, and the car will have a stomachache after three steps. This is just a joke, but it shows the unusual relationship between the two. Su Shi quoted this allusion to illustrate his "joke" with Wen in this article, and also to show their "intimacy". Then, the author's deep yearning and deep mourning for the deceased is fully manifested.

All along, people's evaluation of Su Shi's prose style is "flowing", and this book "The Legend of Moon Valley and Yanzhu" is just like this. The author seems to be just like Wen Tong's painting of ink bamboo, which is "striking and straight". He writes with his hands and hands without any affectation or deliberate deliberation, but strong and deep feelings rush out from his heart, which is true, natural, cordial and moving. At the same time, the "joke" recorded in the same way as Wen has also been carefully selected and tailored. First, the original humorous laughter contrasts the pain and sadness of today's memories and mourning; First, we can see the outstanding achievements and creations of the deceased in painting art. Therefore, the writing of the article seems casual, but in fact it is scattered and condensed. All the comments and "jokes" given by poetry always revolve around nostalgia, mourning, relatives and friends of poets and painters.

It runs through the whole structure and is very natural and smooth. From the beginning of Nature of Bamboo to the end, I pointed out that I miss my old friend, which fully embodies the characteristics of "doing what I should do and stopping at what I should do". The first half is mainly based on reasoning, and the second half is mainly based on narration. The whole paper is organized by drawing bamboo clues. Language is also very simple and natural. Speak the past and speak as usual. Express feelings from the heart, not artificial, real and moving. When describing the characters' language, it is very vivid to show the characters' personality characteristics in just a few words. The whole article has a strong atmosphere of life and strong feelings, which successfully expresses the mood of mourning.

As a literary essay, it mainly embodies Su Shi's creative thought of having a well-thought-out plan and corresponding hands. Starting with the theory of painting bamboo, the theory of "painting bamboo in the chest" and "correspondence between heart and hand" between literature and painting bamboo shows a profound artistic creation experience.

"Planning" means that you must have a vivid image in your mind to create a real artistic model. The theory of "handy" means that the artistic expression method must be transformed into skilled skills in order to create a real artistic image.

"When you are familiar with this pen, you will see what you want to draw." What you want to draw does not represent the real thing, but the vivid image reflected on your chest. The "vision" mentioned here is to concentrate on thinking; The word "look" here refers to the meaning reflected in the mind.

"knowing why" means knowing how to do it in your chest; "Can't do it" means that it can't be done in practice. The two are not unified, that is, the heart and the hand cannot correspond.

When Su Shi talks about the theory of bamboo painting, he is actually praising Wen Heke, the summarizer and practitioner of this theory.

As a memorable prose, it mainly describes the communication between Su Shi and Wen He with bamboo as the topic and poetry as the joy, reflecting their sincere feelings. Taking bamboo as the theme of poetry, writing about Su Shi and taking poetry as pleasure in writing, embodies the simple but not vulgar character of Wen and Ke. Exposing this painting has aroused people's thinking about things and memories of the past, which expresses the author's condolences to his dead friend.