Traditional Chinese medicine is closely related to modern immunology, but there is no good combination and application at present. The following is my medical graduation thesis: TCM theory of medical immunity, I hope it will help you!
Abstract: With the rapid development of modern medicine and immunology research and the deepening of traditional Chinese medicine research, the research on traditional Chinese medicine and immune function has achieved fruitful results. At the same time, due to the change of medical model and the increasing trend of advocating returning to nature around the world, the role of traditional Chinese medicine in disease prevention and health care by regulating the immune state of the body has attracted much attention.
Key words: medical immunity, TCM theory, TCM prescription, experimental technology, TCM research.
Modern immune theory has long been recorded in China. As early as 342 AD, Jin recorded the immunological method and effect of preventing rabies in "Elbow Emergency Prescription": "The prescription for treating dog bites is to kill the bitten dog and take its brain, and then it will not recur." During the period of 998- 1022 in Song Zhenzong, China prevented smallpox by inoculation with human pox. During the Qin Long period of Ming Dynasty (1567~ 1572), the method of human pox was greatly improved, and at the same time, the method of continuous human passage was created to reduce the virulence of seedlings. This method has become the pioneer of modern immunology, and it has opened the precedent of artificial immunity. The success of human pox vaccination in China can be seen in the written records around A.D. 1007, which was more than 700 years earlier than Chen Na's attempt to prevent smallpox with vaccinia vaccine. Traditional Chinese medicine also recognized allergic reactions earlier. Around 3000 BC, Shennong advised pregnant women to avoid eating fish, shrimp, chicken and horse meat, believing that eating these things would cause skin ulcers. This is of great significance for future generations to understand and prevent allergic reactions. Chinese medicine has known this problem more than 2000 years earlier than western countries. Therefore, we have reason to believe that China is not only the "hometown" of immunology, but also has made positive contributions to the development of immunology in the world.
This paper mainly talks about the relationship and development of traditional Chinese medicine and immunology from three aspects: first, the theory of traditional Chinese medicine; Traditional Chinese medicine prescription; Three experimental techniques.
1. Modern Immunity and TCM Theory
The theories of evil and righteousness, Yin and Yang, Zangxiang and health preservation have all been proved to have close relations with modern immunology.
In 1. 1, the function of human body and the function of resisting and removing various harmful substances are called "healthy qi", and the meanings of immune ability and healthy qi are basically the same, while the harmful substances that destroy the relative balance between human body and external environment are called "evil qi". "Righteousness exists inside, and evil cannot be done." And this is the immune function of the body. The three functions of the immune system (defense function, self-stabilization function and monitoring function) put forward by modern immunology are the concretization of the theory of evil and righteousness in traditional Chinese medicine. Defense function refers to the function of the body to resist pathogenic organisms and other "external evils", while self-stabilization function and monitoring function refer to the function of the body to remove "internal evils" (such as self-antigens such as injury, aging, death and mutant cells).
1.2 The process of the immune system constantly maintaining its own balance is also equivalent to the confrontation between good and evil and the balance of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine, thus achieving its own stability. In the final analysis, the prevention and treatment of diseases in traditional Chinese medicine mainly depends on regulating the immune function of the body, so as to achieve the self-stability of the body. The human body is an organic whole, and the immune system is just one of the complex systems of the human body. The changes of immune function caused by traditional Chinese medicine may not only affect the immune system, but also affect the immune function through other systems (such as neuroendocrine system).
1.3 Meridian essence is also the circulation channel of immune cells and immune molecules, and participates in the formation of immune regulatory network. The effective function of acupuncture is also inseparable from immune regulation.
2. The relationship between immunology and traditional Chinese medicine and compound prescription
In recent years, the research and development of immunomodulatory drugs has become a hot spot in the medical field. Many traditional Chinese medicines and prescriptions used in clinic have been proved to have immunomodulatory effects through experimental research. In addition, the resources of traditional Chinese medicine are abundant, and finding new immunomodulators from traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of strong pertinence, low cost and quick effect.
2. 1 immunopotentiator: mainly drugs for invigorating qi and nourishing blood, warming and benefiting yang, and a small amount of drugs for detoxifying and promoting blood circulation. 1. Drugs for promoting cellular immunity: such as drugs for increasing T cell ratio: Codonopsis pilosula, Polygonatum sibiricum, Atractylodes macrocephala, Lentinus edodes, Spatholobus Spatholobus, Epimedium, etc. Drugs for promoting lymphocyte transformation: Ginseng, Taxilli, Atractylodes macrocephala, Wuweicao, Eclipta prostrata, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Astragali, etc. Drugs to enhance phagocytosis: yam, coptis chinensis, andrographis paniculata, Agkistrodon, Hedyotis diffusa, etc. Zhang Xifeng, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinxiang County People's Hospital. 2. Drugs that promote humoral immunity: such as drugs that inhibit the decrease of complement content: Fructus Aurantii, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, Herba Ephedrae, Cortex Moutan, etc. Drugs for promoting antibody production: Semen Cuscutae, Radix Astragali, Placenta Hominis, Coriolus versicolor, etc.
2.2 Immunosuppressive drugs: mainly promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing away heat and toxic materials. 1. Antigen scavenging drugs: Houttuynia cordata, Taraxacum mongolicum, honeysuckle. , Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Carthami Flos, Garlic, Radix Curcumae, etc. 2. Inhibit antibody production: Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Radix Rehmanniae, Fructus Jujubae, Fructus Psoraleae, Tripterygium Wilfordii, Begonia Kunming, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae and Radix Gentianae.
2.3. Two-way regulator: it can improve the low-energy state, reduce the hyperactive body state and stabilize the internal environment. Commonly used drugs: Ginseng, Acanthopanax Senticosus, Astragalus membranaceus, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Angelica sinensis, Ophiopogon japonicus, Schisandra chinensis, Cinnamomum cassia, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae, etc.
2.4 immunomodulatory drugs: the regulatory system acting on the body is conducive to the development of the body in a healthy direction and achieve a new dynamic balance. 1. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis: Drugs that excite this axis: Ginseng, Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes macrocephala, Schisandra chinensis, Placenta Hominis, Ganoderma lucidum and other drugs that inhibit this axis: Polygonatum sibiricum, Rehmannia glutinosa, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, etc. 2. Regulatory drugs and cyclic nucleotides: Cyclic nucleotides are considered as the hub of the balance between yin and yang, and normal cells are cAMP)/ camp. Commonly used drugs: Radix Codonopsis, Scutellariae Radix, Ginseng Radix, Glycyrrhrizae Radix, Theophylline, Ephedrine, Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae, Solanum nigrum, Juncus Juncus, etc.
2.5 China ancient traditional prescriptions are closely related to immunity. Ermiao recipe can enhance cellular immunity, and Simiao recipe shows two-way regulation of immunity. Wait a minute.
2.6 Many Chinese medicines, prescriptions, acupuncture, etc. We can treat intractable diseases in the world, such as cancer, AIDS and other infectious diseases by regulating the immune state of the body. Most traditional Chinese medicines and prescriptions have no side effects (or little side effects), and can also overcome the side effects of western medicines (mainly immunosuppressants). Treating tumors with traditional Chinese medicine can not only improve patients' immune function, improve symptoms and relieve their illness, but also antagonize the damage caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In modern medicine, human cytokines are often given to the body when treating diseases with poor immune function. These exogenous immunoreactive substances often have certain side effects, which are not only expensive, but also reduce the sensitivity of the body if used for a long time. Many Chinese medicines, prescriptions and acupuncture can induce cells to produce and secrete cytokines. The clarification of the above mechanism comes from the research of modern medicine and immunology. Traditional Chinese medicine attaches great importance to the synergistic effect of monarch, minister, assistant and envoy in prescription. However, the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine are still unclear. TCM immunology can make up for this deficiency. At the same time, the extraction of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine also depends on modern technology. For example, the anti-AIDS drug "Keaike" made from licorice and other extracts has been used in clinic.
3. Immunological experimental technology and Chinese medicine research
3. 1 At present, there are many immune techniques commonly used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine. Now try to cite the application of common experiments. 1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be used to quantitatively determine the content of protein in a certain tissue in the study of traditional Chinese medicine, and to understand the influence of traditional Chinese medicine on humoral immunity. Immunoblotting and traditional Chinese medicine play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases. 3. Immunohistochemical technique, by labeling surface markers, qualitative, quantitative and localized detection of antigen proteins on tissue and cell surfaces. 4. Radioimmunoassay technology is mainly used for the research and determination of trace substances in the research of traditional Chinese medicine, and so on.
3.2 Strengthening the cultivation of immunology experimental ability of Chinese medicine specialty and mastering the necessary immunology experimental technology is conducive to cultivating high-quality innovative Chinese medicine talents who are proficient in Chinese medicine and familiar with commonly used modern medical experimental technology, and is conducive to promoting the development of Chinese medicine. In the international Chinese medicine market, China's trade volume is not dominant, one of the reasons is that Chinese medicine dosage forms are not easily accepted by some countries. To master the necessary experimental techniques and promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to meet the needs of the international market and serve the economic development of China and the health of people all over the world.
3.3 TCM Immunology Applying modern science and technology to TCM immunology research not only attaches importance to the overall philosophical thinking and dynamic dialectical relationship of TCM, but also emphasizes the local positioning and empirical analysis of modern medicine. It not only inherits and develops the rationality and advantages of the holistic view of TCM, but also makes up for the defects and deficiencies of the holistic view of TCM. It is the product of the organic combination of the macro-holistic philosophical thinking of TCM with modern science and technology, the ingenious combination of TCM with modern medicine and other science and technology, and it is a new discipline with unique China characteristics and great development prospects. It is formed in the cultural exchange between China and the West and the rapid development of modern science and technology, and has strong vitality and broad development prospects.
4. Conclusion
Traditional Chinese medicine is closely related to modern immunology, but there is no good combination and application at present. Traditional Chinese medicine is facing opportunities and challenges. Like all disciplines, the development of Chinese medicine must rely on modern science and technology and talents who master modern science and technology. Traditional Chinese medicine has its rationality and advantages, but also its defects and deficiencies. Lack of empirical analysis and research, lack of a deep understanding of the structure and function of human micro-parts. This is a philosophical concept. The lag of this theory and the lack of cognitive methods, coupled with the lack of modern science and technology, are the fundamental reasons that restrict the development of traditional Chinese medicine. In order to give full play to the unique role of immunology theory in TCM research and promote the new revitalization and development of TCM, the most important thing is to advocate the close cooperation between TCM experts and immunologists. Only when TCM experts and immunologists cooperate closely in scientific research and give full play to their respective professional expertise can we achieve high-level scientific research results.
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