1, parallel example: investigation and study 2, partial formal (adverbial+verb) example: start at once 3, verb-object example: dig a tunnel 4, verb-complement example: become more beautiful 5, linkage example: open the door and open this lecture 6, concurrent example: invite you to attend ("you" is the object of "please"/kloc.
Indicate the direction, place, time, way, purpose, reason, object, etc. Generally used as adverbial or complement.
For example, we are sitting next to a high mound. We sat beside a high mound. Fixed phrases includes: mainly idioms. Teaching content: flexible use of parts of speech in classical Chinese. Teaching process: 1. Show examples and think about whether 1 and nouns can be used as predicates in modern Chinese. Generally, it is acted by verbs. 2. Can nouns be used as adverbials? Generally speaking, adverbs and prepositional phrases act as 3. Can adjective verbs be subject and object? The general noun acts as 4. Can intransitive verbs take objects? Generally speaking, it is acted by transitive verbs. Look at the example: February grass has (). Please analyze the composition.
Spaces should be predicates and must be acted by verbs. The empty space is the "bud". Today it is a noun, and it is used flexibly as a verb here to sprout.
Clear: In this position, you should have this part of speech. The language environment determines the part of speech.
Second, clarify several rules: 1, and analyze the flexible use of sentence components to judge the part of speech. 2. Names, forms and intransitive verbs with objects have the conditions of causative verbs and intentional verbs.
3. Nouns are directly used as adverbials and translated into object-object phrases. Oral usage translates as "think about how", "act" and "act". 3. Reasons for Flexible Use The content words in ancient Chinese are not rich, the syntax is not rigorous, and the division of labor is not detailed and unclear.
Think about the following sentences and see which parts of speech have changed. Why? 1, the noun (1) is used flexibly as a verb, for example, the left and right should be like blades.
2. What is the language phenomenon in classical Chinese? A free teaching case of an introduction to the language phenomenon in classical Chinese.
Down, left, right, middle, east, west, north and south)
on the blackboard
4. the phrase "de"
For example: food, drink, our class.
5. Multi-reference phrases
For example, the driver Lao Wang
Verb phrase: can act as any component.
1, parallel
For example: investigation and study
2. Partial form (adverbial+verb)
Leave at once
3. Verb object type:
tunnel
4. Dynamic complement type
For example, become more beautiful.
5. Link type
Open the door and enter the room to start the lecture.
6. Concurrent language style
For example, please attend ("you" is the object of "please" and the subject of "attend".
C, adjective phrase: can act as any component.
1, parallel
For example: tenacity and strength
2, partial formal
Very vivid
3, shape compensation: beautiful.
D. subject-predicate phrases
Spring has come.
E. Prepositions and object phrases
Prepositions consist of nouns or noun phrases or pronouns. Indicate the direction, place, time, way, purpose, reason, object, etc. Generally used as adverbial or complement.
We sat beside the high mound (supplement)
We sat by the high mound.
F. fixed phrases
Including: mainly idioms
The second class hour
Teaching content: flexible use of parts of speech in classical Chinese
Teaching process:
First, show examples and think about problems
In modern Chinese,
1. Can nouns be used as predicates? Generally, it is acted by verbs.
2. Can nouns be used as adverbials? Generally speaking, it is acted by adverbs and prepositional phrases.
3. Can adjective verbs be subject and object? Generally, it is acted by nouns.
4. Can intransitive verbs take objects? Generally, it is acted by transitive verbs.
Look at the example: grass has been planted in February ()
Please analyze the composition. Spaces should be predicates and must be acted by verbs. The empty space is the "bud". Today it is a noun, and it is used flexibly as a verb here to sprout.
Clear: In this position, you have to have this part of speech. The language environment determines the part of speech.
Secondly, clarify several rules:
The flexible use of 1. part of speech can be judged by analyzing sentence components.
2. Names, forms and intransitive verbs with objects have the conditions of causative verbs and intentional verbs.
3. Nouns are directly used as adverbials and translated into object-object phrases.
The usage of conation is translated as "what do you think", "treat it as" and "treat it as"
Third, the reasons for flexible use
The content words in ancient Chinese are not rich, the syntax is not rigorous, and the division of labor is not clear.
Think about the following sentences and see which parts of speech have changed. Why?
1, flexible use of nouns
(1) is used as a verb
For example, the left and right should be like blades.
3. Language phenomena in ancient Chinese To learn classical Chinese, we must understand some special language phenomena in ancient Chinese, and "double-word" is one of them.
The so-called part-of-speech word means that a monosyllabic word is synthesized by two words quickly and has two parts of speech at the same time, such as Zhu, Mi, Mi and Er. Used in sentences, it is sometimes a consonant of "to", in which "to" is a pronoun and "to" is a preposition.
For example: ① At the end of the Bohai Sea, the north of the hidden soil. ("Yugong Yishan" throws earth and stone on the edge of the Bohai Sea to the north of the hidden soil.
(2) Mu Gong visited Zhu Shu. (The Battle of Dishes)-Qin Mugong asked Uncle Jian about this matter.
The "Zhu" in the above two cases is the consonant of "Zhi Yu", and the "Zhi" in Example 1 is the preposition "Dao". Example 2 uses the word "zhi" as a preposition to illustrate the fact that Teacher Qin hit Zheng. Used at the end of a sentence, it is a consonant of the pronoun ""and "Hu" is an interrogative modal particle.
For example: (3) Wang said that Zhuangzi enjoys himself. What are the advantages? (See Mencius)-"Wang told Zhuangzi that he liked music. Is this true?" (4) Wen Qiang attacked, and the son heard everything? ("Zuo Gong Eight Years")-"I heard that Gao Qiang is going to lead troops to attack you. Did you hear that? " The "Zhu" in the above two sentences is definitely the consonant of "Hu Zhi" at the end of the sentence, and "Zhi" is an interrogative auxiliary word, which is equivalent to "Mo" in modern Chinese. Hé is a disyllabic word of "why not", in which "he" is an interrogative pronoun, which is used to explain "why" and "how". "Bu" is a negative adverb.
For example: ① Why do we have different views? (The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang)-"Why don't you talk about your ambition alone?" (2) "Wu she has two sons. If you don't kill them, you will suffer from Chu, fearing that your father will call you? " (Historical Records Chu Family)-Wu She has two sons. If they are not killed, they will become the scourge of Chu. Why not summon them by avoiding his father's sins? It should be noted that if the word "no" is followed by the word "no", the word "no" is equivalent to "he", not a consonant. For example, "Are you kidding?" "-"why don't you go out with me? (p)
For example: ① "My family has a large population and Darren Chan is ignorant." ("New Tang Book Yin Qingchuan") I-"I have many students, and Darren Chan can't speculate!" 2 ulterior motives.
(Idiom)-sinister, unpredictable. "ominous":-generally used before the word "test", "inaudible" cannot be inferred.
There is also a word "stubborn" in early vernacular, which means "unbearable", such as "I can't stand this guy's rudeness" and so on.
Ear“ear "is a compound word of" just ",which means" just "and expresses a definite tone. For example: ① "The lid has never been closed."
("Tan Sitong")-It turns out that he has always been just netting (comforting handsome). "(2) in August, the seedlings are not withered, and the pickers can easily distinguish their ears.
("Collecting Herbs")-The stems and leaves in August are not dead yet, so it is easy for herb collectors to recognize them. It should be noted that "ear" can also express a positive tone, but it cannot be translated.
At all times and all over the world, people have my ears. (The Book of Tea)-Ancient times are the same as now, and so are others and themselves.
What is equivalent to "inside", "in this" and "in that". A threesome requires a teacher.
(Yan: Among them, 2 mountains are piled up, and the wind and rain are prosperous. (Yan: From here. )
(3) Five people, the Duke of Zhou was arrested, and those who died just died. (Yan: In this case. )
(4) I smell my words, how to keep in good health. (Yan: From here. )
5 don't come back. (Yan: From here. )
It should be noted that "Yan" has more complicated meanings and usages besides being a part-time word.
4. What is the phenomenon of classical Chinese? Classical Chinese phenomenon refers to special sentence patterns, usages of notional words and function words, different meanings between ancient and modern times, interchangeable words of words and flexible use of parts of speech. By studying the phenomenon of classical Chinese, students and related researchers can improve the learning efficiency of classical Chinese and their overall perception of the article, and also improve their academic performance quickly. The phenomenon of classical Chinese is also a must for the college entrance examination.
Modern vernacular Chinese is only about a hundred years old, and classical Chinese is at least three thousand years old. Ancient people also spoke vernacular. Because of the different dialects in different places, vernacular Chinese is not conducive to communication, so a set of written language, that is, classical Chinese, has been formed.
Modern written vernacular Chinese originated after the May 4th Movement. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mandarin based on Beijing dialect began to spread. Since then, vernacular Chinese has spread rapidly. In less than a hundred years, people wrote in written form, almost all in vernacular Chinese, not in classical Chinese.
Extended data
Not only in China, but also in the Korean Peninsula, Japan, Vietnam and other places, their once written language was also classical Chinese. Throughout the Japanese characters before the Tang Dynasty, there were almost only classical Chinese.
Although those countries later developed their own languages, they still had some reservations about classical Chinese. In Korean and Korean, Chinese characters are well preserved, and names are basically used in both Chinese and Korean. The grammatical norms of using Chinese characters in Japanese and Korean are both classical Chinese.