Culture technology of bighead carp
Seedling stocking
In the past, the stocking specifications of bighead carp in lakes and reservoirs were generally around 13.2㎝. Under the condition of modern technology, it needs 0. 15? 0.5kg/ tail or even 1.0kg large fish.
Stocking time: it should be carried out in winter or early spring when the water temperature is 5 ~ 10℃. At this time, it is beneficial to the high-density transportation of fish species and can reduce casualties in transportation; The activity ability of fish species and fierce fish is weakened, and the harm of fierce fish to stocking fish species is relatively reduced.
Stocking location: It should be selected in the fertile bay upstream of the reservoir, with shallow water depth, shelter from the wind and abundant sunshine. In this way, staying away from the spillway and spillway tunnel downstream of the reservoir can reduce the escape opportunity of stocked fish, shorten the adaptation time to the large water surface environment, accelerate the growth and improve the survival rate.
Stocking weather: Choose sunny days, not windy, snowy or frozen days.
Quarantine and disinfection: Quarantine and disinfection of fish diseases must be carried out before the fish stocks are put into storage. It is strictly forbidden to store fish with infectious diseases in the warehouse.
Caution: After the long-distance transported fish species are transported to the reservoir, they should be slowly added into the fish container with reservoir water, and then slowly put into the reservoir when the temperature difference between the water in the container and the reservoir water is not great. After being put into the reservoir, the stocking personnel should also stand on the edge of the reservoir or on the boat, gently stir the reservoir water with paddles, and slowly drive the fish to swim to the big water surface.
Breeding mode
The traditional collocation ratio of silver carp and bighead carp is 3: 1, that is, the three silver carp bands are 1 bighead carp, which are 75% and 25% respectively. According to the production practice, in the stocking structure of silver carp and bighead carp, the proportion of bighead carp is less than 20% or more than 80%, and the growth rate of bighead carp is faster. When the stocking ratio of silver carp is 20%? 80% will inhibit the growth rate of bighead carp. When bighead carp is the main fish culture, a small amount of silver carp should be added or not stocked.
Water quality control
Regulating water quality has three major functions: First, improving water quality. After the beneficial bacteria in microecological preparations enter the water body, they play the roles of oxidation, ammoniation, denitrification, phosphorus dissolution, vulcanization and nitrogen fixation. And quickly decompose organic matter such as excrement, residual feed and animal remains. For cultured animals, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in water body is effectively reduced; Second, the salt after the decomposition of organic matter provides a good ecological environment and nutrients for the growth and reproduction of unicellular algae, while the photosynthesis of unicellular algae provides dissolved oxygen for the oxidative decomposition of organic matter and the respiration of cultured organisms, forming a benign ecological cycle, maintaining and creating good water quality conditions, and maintaining the stability of water quality for a long time, so as to achieve water, fertilizer and stability, which is conducive to the healthy growth of cultured objects. At the same time, it can also increase zooplankton and beneficial algae in the aquaculture water, expand the source of bait and reduce the production cost. The third is disease prevention. Applying beneficial bacteria with microecological agents to aquaculture water can not only repel pathogenic bacteria, maintain the ecological balance of microecological flora in water, and avoid aquatic organisms from being attacked by pathogenic bacteria, but also produce antibacterial substances and various immune promoting factors, activate the immune system of the body, strengthen the rebound reaction of the body, enhance the disease resistance and improve the survival rate.
Food use
Analysis of eating habits
In the past, bighead carp mainly fed on zooplankton under the low-level culture conditions of natural environment. According to the study on the feeding habits of bighead carp, the intestines of well-grown silver carp are full of plankton and humus in the water. Therefore, under the condition of high-density culture of silver carp, a large number of organic fertilizers must be provided to cultivate large phytoplankton, zooplankton and humus. When the water is short of macroplankton, the humus in organic fertilizer should be used as the main bait for silver carp. However, under the condition of rich water, plankton are mainly linear diatoms, dinoflagellates, cryptoalgae, rotifers, cladocera, copepods and other species with individuals larger than 50 microns, and these are the filtering objects of bighead carp. Therefore, the high-density aquaculture water body of silver carp must have sufficient water and fertilizer and sufficient humus.
Fertilizer use
Principle: By putting organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and biological compound fertilizer into large water surfaces such as reservoirs and lakes, the contents of main nutrient elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies are increased, the primary productivity of water bodies is improved, and the yield of bighead carp is increased.
The earliest fertilizers used in fisheries were primitive organic fertilizers, such as manure and compost, and later inorganic fertilizers were used? Fertilizer. The original organic fertilizer has comprehensive nutrition, but the effective components are too low and the fertilizer efficiency is slow, which limits the fish yield. Inorganic fertilizer has high content of effective components, but short fertilizer efficiency and single components. Small green algae and cyanobacteria are mainly cultivated, which is beneficial to the growth of silver carp, but the effect on bighead carp culture is not ideal. Modern bio-organic fertilizer for fishing, which is made by decomposing traditional organic fertilizer with modern biotechnology and adding inorganic fertilizer properly, contains not only a large number of macro elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon, but also balanced trace elements, a large number of humus, peptides, beneficial bacteria and fertilizer efficiency enhancers. It has the functions of fertilization, improvement and water control. It is also especially suitable for breeding plankton that bighead carp likes to eat, such as macroalgae, rotifers, cladocera, copepods and so on. This provides a material basis for high-yield culture of bighead carp. In order to meet the nutrition and high yield of silver carp, organic fertilizer must exceed inorganic fertilizer.
disease control
Disease prevention and control
Adhere to the prevention and treatment of fish diseases? Prevention first, combining prevention with treatment? Policy. Fish diseases are common? Barley yellow and white dew heart are easy to get sick. First, the water temperature gradually rises, and second, the water temperature gradually drops. These two seasons are the high incidence seasons of fish diseases, which need to be prevented in advance. The method of killing insects first and then disinfecting is adopted for disease prevention. Diagnose fish diseases by visual inspection or microscope, and prescribe the right medicine.
A. Parasitic diseases: kill insects once a year from April to May, and once a year from July to August in a water body with a large amount of organic fertilizer.
A, ACIPENSER sinensis disease: Its symptom is that eggs or worms are parasitic on the gills of fish, and there is no obvious symptom when a small amount is parasitic. When a large number of parasites occur, the mucus on the gills of diseased fish increases, the ends of gill filaments swell, edema, pallor and dyspnea. They swim around or swim wildly on the water, and their tail fins often appear above the water. Cocktail syndrome? Finally, he lost weight and died of suffocation. Mainly controlled by avermectin or pyrethroid drugs.
B. Anchorage disease: Its symptoms are that large worms can be seen on the surface of the diseased fish, and the parasitic parts are bloodshot and red, fidgety, and the appetite is not strong, and then the fish body is emaciated and dies. Mainly controlled by avermectin or pyrethroid drugs.
B, fulminant hemorrhagic disease: symptoms are exophthalmos and congestion; The body surface is congested and red.
A, primary hemorrhagic disease: a small amount of silver carp died and just neutered.
B, secondary hemorrhagic disease: first, the bottom fish died, and the physical and chemical indexes of the lower layer seriously exceeded the standard, and then died in a large area. First kill insects, then sterilize, and adjust water according to the situation.
Characteristics of bighead carp
It looks like a silver carp with a flat side. The head is large and wide, and the length is about 1/3 of the body length. The mouth is also wide, slightly upturned, and the eye position is low. The gill hole is large and the gill cover is developed. The scales are thin and dense. The back is black and the side is dark brown with black or yellow spots. The abdomen is gray. Fins are light gray. There is a horny abdominal ridge from the base of the ventral fin to the anus. The pectoral fin is longer, and its posterior margin exceeds the base of the pelvic fin. Intestine length is 5-7 times of body length.
Disease treatment of bighead carp
Bighead carp often suffers from rational idiotypic iodine bubble disease. Etiology: It is caused by dinoflagellate parasitism.
Symptoms:
Bighead carp often swims alone, with thin body, big head and small tail, back like a blade, obvious ribs and dull body surface; Both sides of the gill cover are often congested, the gill filaments are purple, and there are many needle-like white cysts.
【 Epidemic situation 】 It mainly harms bighead carp fry and is prevalent in the Yangtze River basin and the waters of southern provinces and cities.
[diagnosis]
First visit: First visit according to symptoms and epidemic situation.
Diagnosis: microscopic examination. Part of the gill filaments were cut off and observed under the microscope, and it was found that the needle-like white cyst was close to the gill flap.
Prevention methods:
Thoroughly clean the pond and kill the spores in the mud at the bottom of the pond.
Adopt reasonable stocking density, strengthen feeding management and enhance fish resistance.
The formula of bighead carp
Huoxiang fish head
The average score is 5.0, based on the evaluation of 1 kitchen friends.
+ 1 +2 +3 +4 +5
material
There are 3 silver carp heads (about 1000g) and agastache rugosa 100g. Seasoning ginger slices 10g, onion 20g, cooking wine 15g, salt 12g, watercress 20g, salad oil 50g, ginger rice 8g, garlic rice 8g, chicken essence 6g, sugar 3g, wet starch 5g, chicken oil 10g and fresh soup 65400.
working methods
1. Wash Pogostemon cablin and chop the leaves into fine powder.
2. Cut the fish head in half, wash it, season with ginger, onion, salt and cooking wine, and marinate for 20 minutes.
3. Put the head of pickled fish in a dish, pour chicken oil on it, steam in a cage for 8 minutes, and take it out.
4. Add salad oil into the pot, add watercress, ginger rice and garlic rice and stir-fry until 70% heat, then add fresh soup, chicken essence and white sugar to boil, add wet starch to thicken, add Pogostemon powder, mix well and pour on the fish head.
skill
trait
Bright red color, strong Huo flavor, fresh and tender fish, rich nutrition and appetizing.
comment
Pogostemon has the functions of appetizing and promoting diet.
Production key
1, the fish head must be seasoned in advance, otherwise the taste is not enough. 2. Pogostemon cablin powder should not stay in the pot for too long.
Boiled silver carp
The average score is 3.8, based on the evaluation of 199 kitchen friends.
+ 1 +2 +3 +4 +5
material
Slice a catty and a half of silver carp, add appropriate amount of salt, three spoonfuls of cooking wine and two spoonfuls of starch, and grab the taste evenly. Two spoonfuls of watercress, twelve minced red peppers, one spoonful of pepper powder, one small piece of ginger, four cloves of garlic, four onions, six leaves of agastache rugosa (also called fish coriander), one spoonful of soy sauce, one spoonful of vinegar, one spoonful of sugar and a proper amount of monosodium glutamate.
working methods
Slaughter and clean silver carp, remove the fish, obliquely cut into pieces with a thickness of about 0.2 cm, then put them in a bowl and mix well with salt, cooking wine and water starch; Cut the fish head and bones into pieces; Peel and wash ginger and garlic, and cut into minced ginger and garlic; Wash green bamboo shoots and cut into pieces; Wash shallots and cut them into chopped green onions. Put the pan on the fire, put the oil to 40% heat, add the fish fillets, slide them open, and take out when the oil is white.
Drain the oil.
Leave about one and a half oil in the pot, add watercress, soak spicy, ginger and garlic and stir-fry until cherry red.
Add about half a catty of water, seasoning, fish fillets, soy sauce, salt, vinegar, sugar and pepper powder, and bring to a boil. Turn down the heat and cook slowly.
When the fish is cooked and the soup is thick, add monosodium glutamate, chopped green onion and Pogostemon leaves, shovel evenly and serve.
Perilla yam silver carp soup
The average score is 4.2, based on the evaluation of four kitchen friends.
+ 1 +2 +3 +4 +5
material
250g of silver carp tail, 300g of yam, 20g of fresh perilla leaf, 5g of ginger15g, 3/4 teaspoon of salt, 2 teaspoons of cooking wine, 4 teaspoons of pepper14, and 4 teaspoons of monosodium glutamate14.
working methods
1. Wash fishtail and yam, and slice ginger.
2. Wash the perilla leaves.
3. Peel and cut the yam.
4. Add a little oil to the pot and fry the fish tail until both sides are slightly yellow.
5. Add enough boiling water, ginger, cooking wine and salt to the pot.
6. Cook 10 minutes.
7. Add yam slices and cook for 15 minutes.
8. Finally, add perilla leaves and cook for 2 minutes. Add pepper and monosodium glutamate and mix well.
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