1. Translation principles of classical Chinese. The translation of classical Chinese must be faithful, expressive and elegant. "Faithfulness" is accurate and cannot be misinterpreted; "Reach" means fluency and can't be awkward; "Ya" refers to the standard language, and slang dialects should not be abused. On the basis of following the above principles, we should also master the necessary translation skills, so that we can be handy in translating classical Chinese. Let's talk about the basic skills of classical Chinese translation with examples. And many of them are obtained by adding a word to classical Chinese words. This is the basis for us to explain many classical Chinese words with conjunctions. Example 1: Political harmony with people ... (Fan Zhongyan's "The Story of Yueyang Tower") Translation: The political affairs are smooth and the people are happy ... Second, record or replace special terms such as ancient names, place names, official names and year numbers. When translating, it is best to record the poems quoted in the original text directly when translating sentences; Some basic words have the same meaning in ancient and modern times and do not need translation. Example 2: In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Fujitsu swore to defend Baling County. (Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower") Translation: (Song Renzong) In the spring of the fourth year of Li Qing, Teng Zijing was demoted to Baling County Order. Example 3: Therefore, the fisherman sang "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the ape sang it three times with tears in his eyes." (Li Daoyuan's "Three Gorges") Translation: Therefore, the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the ape sings three tears and touches the clothes!" However, some classical Chinese words are no longer used or their meanings have changed. Or although it is still used occasionally, it is already rough. This requires us to replace them with corresponding words in modern Chinese when translating. Ex. 4: Two wars, I want to fight first. (Lin Sihuan's ventriloquism) My legs were shaking, and I almost ran away first. Third, there are many ellipsis sentences in classical Chinese, and the omitted contents are often flexible. When translating, add as appropriate according to the context. Once again (drum) and (gas) drop, once again (drum) and (gas) run out. The first drum beating can boost morale, the second drum beating (morale) will drop, and the third drum beating (morale) will disappear. Some function words used in classical Chinese are often deleted in translation. Example 6: Love Lotus grows out of the mud but is not stained ... (Zhou Dunyi's Love Lotus) Translation: I only like lotus that grows out of the mud but is not stained ... Fourth, the co-translation and sub-translation of intertextual sentences in classical Chinese are often translated into one sentence. Ex. 7: A general who has suffered many battles dies, and a strong man returns in ten years. ("Mulan Poetry") Some returned home in triumph. The word "parallel" in classical Chinese should be expressed separately in translation. Example 8: The wind and frost are noble and pure ... (Ouyang Xiu's Zuiweng Pavilion) Translation: The weather is white in Gao Shuang and first frost ... V. Changing the order There are some inverted sentences in classical Chinese, so we should pay attention to changing the order when translating. Example 9: Confucius said, "What's so ugly?" Translation: Confucius said, "What is Jane?" In addition, prepositions and object phrases are often used as complements in classical Chinese, but now they are mostly used as adverbials, and the order of translation needs to be changed as appropriate. Example 10: The traveler is resting in the tree. (Ouyang Xiu's "Drunken Pavilion") Translation: The walker rests under the tree. Sixth, literal translation and free translation strive to translate word by word, and every word is implemented; Free translation focuses on grasping the meaning of the text as a whole. Literal translation is accurate and concise, and free translation is flexible and smooth. Literal translation should be given priority to, supplemented by free translation. Example 1 1: So the ice skin began to melt, and the waves began to glow ... (Travel Notes of Yuan Hongdao Man Jing) Translation: At this time, the thin ice began to melt, and the waves began to shine ... with a horizontal line. How can a short-sighted person know the ambition of an ambitious person?

There are several interpretations of the word "Hugh" in classical Chinese. Digging a well and opening a pool will bring treasure, but I don't know how to match it. Ask the intellectual: Hello.

You ask: There are several interpretations of the word "Hugh" in classical Chinese. I'll type out the explanation in the ancient Chinese reference book "Ci Yuan" for your own reference. I won't call first. If you want, you can supplement your questions, and I'll call again.

Hugh 1 xiū (first sound) (1) have a rest. Politely refused, who tried to protest again, had an impatient tone.

(2) vacation. (3) stop.

(4) Resign. 5] Mo, don't.

[6] Beauty and goodness are happy. The verb is to praise beauty.

(See "Unity") Once, I used to call leaving my wife Hugh. In the shade.

Modal particles at the end of sentences. Hugh ②xǔ (third sound) ⑽ Warm, the same as "warm".

⑾ The word "whew" and "Hugh" has two pronunciations and eleven interpretations. The "Hugh" in the sentence you asked: You never know whether it matches or not, but it should mean "no, no".

Let me have a rest. How to say it in ancient Chinese? Let me have a rest. Sue, lean against the tree alone for a while. Er Ya explained: Rest, rest. Rest, explanation: rest, rest. These two words are the same in this meaning, both of which mean to have a rest. Classical Chinese means rest, just use one word. Such as "work at sunrise and rest at sunset"; Or? "Gong Jing hunted, rested and sat on the ground to eat."

In classical Chinese, rest can also be expressed in the following words:

1, the rest q √.

Example: "There was a guest house selling vegetables, and the emperor had a rest. 」

It means: An old woman from a foreign country sells snacks in a shop, and Jin Mingdi stops there to have a rest.

From: Liu Yiqing in Southern Song Dynasty, Shi Shuo Xin Yu? False report

2. "Rest" uses "rest"

3. Be careful.

For example, "I am the heroine of Guan Ju. 」

From: Selected Works? Fu Xuan by Zhang Heng

4. Sorry

For example, "officials are attracted by the emperor, but not by the position, but by the people." 」

It means: all the princes, ministers and workers in the world love and support the king of Zhou. It is because of your diligence in politics that the people of the world can recuperate.

From: Poetry, Elegant and False Music

Step 5 take a break

Exodus: Before Fu Qin's Ode, Wei Zhuang in Shu wrote, "Suddenly I saw a flower-like man lying alone in the shade of Populus davidiana. 」

Extended data:

Let me ..... (Do something) The word commonly used in ancient Chinese is "tolerate me" (and the word "harmony" is often added in front of it, indicating that my requirements are small and not too much). Or use other singular first person instead of the first person "I", such as "a", "our home", "I", "a home" and "Xiaxia".

In ancient Chinese, rest is generally expressed by words such as "taking a nap", "catnap" and "taking a break". It means that unlike sleeping at night, you will take off your clothes and sleep for a long time, just take a rest with your clothes on to refresh yourself and relieve fatigue.

In ancient Chinese, it is generally expressed by "instant", "later" and "imaginary time". "A little while" is a vague concept of time. Through the conversion of ancient time units, it can be clear that the time range of "a little while" is more than a quarter of an hour and less than two hours.

These three parts can be combined at will to express the same meaning.

References:

Sogou encyclopedia entry-rest

Sogou encyclopedia entry-nap

What is the word rest in elegant classical Chinese? Classical Chinese is generally monosyllabic, while modern Chinese uses disyllabic words. These disyllabic words are synthesized by adding a monosyllabic word to the monosyllabic word.

"Rest" is two words in classical Chinese: rest and non-rest. They mean the same thing. Sue, lean against the tree alone for a while. Er Ya explained: Rest, rest. Rest, explanation: rest, rest. These two words are the same in this meaning, both of which mean to have a rest.

Classical Chinese means rest, just use one word. Such as "work at sunrise and rest at sunset"; Or? "Gong Jing hunted, rested and sat on the ground to eat."

Now all schools have "schedules", in which "rest" means rest.

5. The classical Chinese meaning of "Xiu" has been modified and decorated. -"Shuo Wen"

The cultivation of benevolence and righteousness is also the hiding of ceremony. -The Book of Rites. Note: "Jude ornaments also."

Beauty needs to be repaired. -"Songs of the South"

Cultivate respect. -"Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru"

(3) Another example: repairing the capacity (finishing the appearance); Modifier (modifier). Also refers to composition; Words); Trim the border (describe paying attention to appearance and clothing); Repair (trimming and mending)

(4) renovation; Repair [repair]

The tomb was not built. -The Book of Rites Tan Gong

Take good care of it. -"Sun Tzu's Art of War, Seeking Attack"

Repair war tools. -Han Jia translated "On Qin"

If my wife dies, the room will not be repaired. -Gui Youguang's "Xuanzhi of Ji Xiang"

(5) Another example: repair (sorting and repairing); Completes the supplement (repair and rectification; Repair the loss); Yuexiu (it is said in ancient times that the moon is composed of seven treasures, which are often repaired by 82 thousand households in the world)

(6) architecture; Build [build]

The bell and drum are not repaired. -"Lu Chunqiu Ji Xian"

Is to rebuild Yueyang Tower. -Song Fan Zhongyan "Yueyang Tower"

Repair the dike beam and clear the ditch. -"Xunzi Wang Zhi"

(7) Another example is erection (construction); Maintenance (production); Structural modification (construction); Repair waste (revitalize waste industry); Camp maintenance (building); Repair (repair and recovery)

(8) Learning, exercising and cultivating knowledge and conduct [learning].

The virtue of practicing martial arts. -"Mandarin Jin Yu"

Tie your hair and study. -"Han Shu Xu Xia Chuan"

A good thing is easy to remedy. -Don Han Yu's Original Extinction

People who avoid it are afraid that others will repair it.

Lazy people can't fix it.

(9) Another example is: repairing the province (improving moral cultivation and constantly reflecting on yourself); Regret (cultivate one's morality and reflect, repent); Self-cultivation (self-cultivation)

(10) practice [cultivating Buddha * * * ortaoi * *]. Such as: repairing (doing good deeds and accumulating virtue); Cultivate happiness (refers to Taoist practice. Persuade, that is, exhale); Practice (discipline); Fix the truth (Taoism refers to learning Tao, and practice is like fixing the truth)

(1 1) renovation [orderly placement; Management]

Repair the pipeline. -Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi

Make good relations with Sun Quan externally and repair politics internally. -The Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang Biography

Repair to the court. -Wang Song Anshi's "Answering Sima's Advice"

(12) Another example: Xiuwen Yanwu (Ming Xiu culture and education, stop armament); Revise the text (take measures to strengthen the rule of culture, mainly referring to the revision of laws and regulations and the promotion of music education. ); Close the door (tidy up the house); Revision (unified order); Repair services (managing political affairs)

(13) implementation; Engage in an activity [practice; Execute]

The land is endless. -"Mandarin Wu Yu". Note: "Kenye."

Build its ancestral temple. -The Book of Rites The Doctrine of the Mean. Note: "This is called shit."

(14) another example: repair (remedy; Flexible); Trim (attack; Chop); Hugh Ze (an ancient custom to visit the water's edge on March 3rd to dispel the ominous signs)

(15) compilation; Writing; Write [heap]

From beginning to end, I wrote it for sixteen years. -"Introduction to Northern History"

(16) Another example is compilation (the editor refers to the official responsible for compiling national history); Xiuwenlang (known as the official of Yin Works); Write a letter

(17) settings. get ready

Fix it. -"Zhou Yu in Mandarin". Note: "Get ready."

(18) Another example is changing the name. Prepare a business card to announce your name); Trim (prepare meals)

(19) loop; Follow [follow]

Therefore, it is not uncommon for saints to meet and repair the ancient times unexpectedly. -"Everything is ready, five mistakes"

(20) Another example is: set the present (maintain the status quo); Repair the ancient (follow the ancient road); Revision (still traceable); Modify the name (by name, by name)

(2 1) Pass "Hugh". Rest; Rest [rest] such as: repair (maintenance; Nursing); Scale-cutting and claw-raising (metaphor for maintaining and accumulating combat effectiveness)

(22) revision, modification and correction [revision; Amend]

Want to modify yourself. -"Shi Shuo Xin Yu Rehabilitation"

6. What does Yan mean in classical Chinese?

poplar

& lt； Generation >

Instructions, equivalent to "[it]"

Ignorance of flowers and trees, what is the use of knocking at the door? -A?vagho?a Xi Zhong "The Legend of Zhongshan Wolf"

Another example: absent-minded

Where or there [where]

And how to place earthwork. -"Liezi Tang Wen"

The rich can't come, and the poor can't. (Yan, pronoun, has, refers to. )-Peng Qing end book "Show sons and nephews for learning"

what's that

Today's princes and adults are close relatives of the same flesh and blood, rich for no reason and handsome in appearance. Why should they know? -Mozi

How [which one]

How to avoid the difficulty of eating away at its wealth? -History of the Three Kingdoms

It has the grammatical function of preposition "Yu" and pronoun "this", which is equivalent to "therefore" and "Yu" [therefore]

Erlingyan. -"Thirty-three years of Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong"

Ask questions and choose nothing. -Qing Liu Kay "Ask and Say"

Yan fu. -Qing Xu ke "Qing paper money and war"

how

poplar

& lt； Deputy >

How [how] to express the above and draw a conclusion. Such as: how come; How to get it; How dare you; Know nothing; How to use it

So, just, right, and then [then]. It means that two or more things happen one after another.

The first emperor traveled to Longxi and Beidi, went out of Jitou Mountain, crossed the middle road, and summoned Weinan Palace. -"Historical Records"

Another example: how to take a boat?

how

poplar

& lt； Lian >

So [then] in ancient Chinese, it is often used with "nai".

The rumor that the Queen Mother of the West is the king, and the king's words are sad. What's the difference between a day's observation and a day's tour of Wan Li? -"Liezi"

how

poplar

& lt； Help >

Represents a structure, which is used after the prepositional object and is equivalent to "zhi" and "Shi"

Now, the king has abandoned Li Lao, but his children have nothing to do. -"Mandarin"

Suffixes indicate state, which are used after adjectives and adverbs and are equivalent to "ran" and "appearance"

If it is tolerant, its heart will rest in peace. -"Shu Qin Shi"

how

poplar

& lt； Language >;

Used in sentences to indicate a pause, equivalent to "ah" [ho]

Died as the saint of the five emperors and the benevolence of the three kings ...-historical record

Used at the end of a sentence to express a statement or affirmation, equivalent to "one" and "you"

By the end of the Qin Dynasty, the "poems" and "books" were burned, the warlocks were pitted, and the six arts were lacking from then on. -"Historical Records"

Used at the end of a sentence to express doubt, equivalent to "Hu" and "Ma"

What's wrong with the people who do things? -"Tang Poetry and Song Poetry"

Used at the end of a sentence to express exclamation, equivalent to "you" and "ah"

What's wrong with those who want nothing, though they don't have a sarcophagus? -"Historical Records"

7. Classical Chinese broadcasting means b not.

(1) Sowing and planting. Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi: "Sow 100 grains, and encourage the cultivation of mulberry to have adequate food and clothing."

② Distribution. "Shangshu Gong Yu": "Further north, broadcast as nine rivers, all against the river."

3 spread, spread. "The History of the Later Han Dynasty and the Biography of Cheng Gong": "Courtiers are afraid of their festivals and broadcast Xiongnu."

4 performance. "Mandarin Yu Jin San": "The beauty of a lady is in China, and it must be broadcast overseas."

⑤ Migration; Exile. "Official History": "When you die, your wife is far away."

6. give up; Give it up. "Songs of the South, Nine Sighs and Thinking of the Ancient": "If you broadcast it, you will learn it."

7 indulgence; Put it on. "Mandarin Zhou Yuxia": "This is called * * * broadcasting her lust."

Bly

By "lifting the field" and shaking; Yang. "Zhuangzi's Life on Earth": "Drum pods sow essence, enough to eat ten people."

Exile, displacement.

The bones are scattered.

Broadcast exile Biography of Yuan Shaozhuan in the Later Han Dynasty: "It was broadcast by the imperial court today, and the ancestral temple was destroyed."

8. Almost in classical Chinese (1) (pictophonetic characters.

From bad to good, Taiwan Province sound. Original meaning: danger) (2) Same as original meaning (4) In danger.

-"Shuo Wen" Today's people are in danger, depending on people MengMeng-"Poetry Xiaoya in the First Month" is also called "danger". -"Shu Qin Shi".

Chuan: "Critical." There are three dangers in gold.

-"Zuo Zhuan Zhao Zhuan Gong for four years". Note: "Danger also."

Soldiers are in danger of falling into the sand. -"Xunzi Bing Yi".

Note: "Also called peril." Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle.

-If Sun Tzu's Art of War is not finished, the country will be in danger. -"Everything goes wrong, three cares about the cottage" is at stake, and the prince is in a hurry, but it never rains but it pours.

-"Everything is wrong, Yang Quan", these two sentences are almost useless. -"Everything is wrong, loyalty and filial piety come first" (3) Another example: danger (danger) (4) sleepy; There is a limit to exhaustion, but it has no limit.

-"Zhuangzi Health Master". Note: "Tired is also called."

It was dusk, and the steps were quite dangerous, so I rested on the side of the road. -"Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio" (5) Under the guise of "laziness".

Laziness is not dangerous. -"Lao Zi" Chapter 25 was ordered to be in danger.

Let's have a rest. -"Zuo Zhao specializes in the public for five years" Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous.

-The Analects of Confucius > 1. Table speculation is equivalent to "probably" and "almost" -"Mencius" is a gift from the public.

-"Shi Hou" almost has a protector. -Ming Gui Youguang's Ji Xiang Proclamation has traveled almost all over the country.

-Song Shen Guo "Meng Qian Bi Tan" Yangzhou at the gates, in a dilemma, almost died. -Wen Song Tian Xiang's "South Biography" 2. Another example is: the enemy's casualties are exhausted; Almost (probably); Almost (almost, approximately) 3. The expression range is equivalent to the almost empty word "only" and "only", which is not the best.

-"Zhao Han Guo Chongchuan". Yan Shigu's note: "Almost, just."

It must be equivalent to "of course" and "of course" (that is, using my strengths is almost beneficial to the enemy's assets and winning the enemy's ears. -Song Xin Qi Ji's Ten Theories on Meiqin 5. It means time, which is equivalent to "will" and "will" [should; A woman's heart is sad, and her son is almost at the same time.

-Poetry, Wind and July (6) The old saying "almost" leads to "governance", and "Biography of the Ram": "Living will be destroyed, so it is similar to gold." Almost, the ancient sound is almost.

Sound is close to meaning. Xunzi Powerful Country: "Strong China."

Yang Jing Note: "Danger" means "cure", and "cure" means litigation. After Zheng Zi wanted to establish a different surname, he was involved in the lawsuit in Jin.

"Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram in the Twenty-eighth Year of Xi Gong": "Uncle Wu ... is a meeting for the local governance of Wei Hou." Note: "Uncle Wu sued and ruled, made Bai king, and returned to China to rebel."

Having enough knowledge of danger and treating it are synonyms. Almost the ancient sound "Yi", "Shuo Wen": "Yi Sheng."

Using rules, the beginning is a turning point of sound, so it is synonymous. (Excerpted from Huang Xianfan's A Preliminary Study on the Interpretation of Ancient Books-Selected Academic Papers of Huang Xianfan, 468 pages, Guangxi Normal University Press, July 2004).