Physical properties of sulfur: yellow crystal, twice as fragile as water, slightly soluble in alcohol, soluble in carbon disulfide, insoluble in water, melting point 1 12, boiling point 444. The density is twice that of water.
Properties of hydrogen sulfide: colorless, odorous, toxic, 2.6, hydrogen and sulfur, but also blue flame, incomplete combustion produces sulfur. (1 volume of water dissolves 2.6 volume of H2S, which is decomposed into elemental hydrogen and sulfur under certain conditions, with reducibility, flammability and blue flame).
Chemical properties of benzene: taking halonitrate and burning sulfur. Chemical properties of halogenated hydrocarbons: alkaline water extraction, alcohol and alkali elimination.
The relationship between valence and atomic number of short-period elements: valence is odd, valence is even. Characteristics of burning in oxygen: embers in oxygen can recombine olefins, phosphorus burns white smoke, iron olefins radiate to Mars, and sulfur blue-violet light is really brilliant.
Characteristics of burning in chlorine gas: the smoke of phosphorus burning chlorine gas is foggy, the smoke of copper burning is brown, the flame of hydrogen burning is pale, and sodium burning produces hoarfrost violently. Valence songs of common elements: monovalent hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, silver, divalent oxygen, magnesium, calcium, barium, zinc, copper, mercury, iron, carbon, tin, lead, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus and halogen.
Description: The above eight ballads summarize the valence of 236 common elements, including fixed price and variable price. Solubility of salt: potassium, sodium, ammonium salt, nitrate; Removing silver and mercury by chloride; Removing barium and lead with sulfate; Carbonic acid, phosphate, only soluble in potassium, sodium and ammonium.
First, the chemical calculation formula should be balanced, and it must be a scalar generation equation. The unit should be unified from top to bottom, and the left and right multiples should be equal. If the mass unit is grams and the standard temperature and pressure gas corresponds to liters, if two known quantities are encountered, it should be considered insufficient.
Content loss and output, multiplication and division should be distinguished. 2. From the beginning to the end of gas production, the operation steps are arranged respectively. The generator is located at the head, followed by the washing device. The impurity removal device is divided into wet type and dry type, and the drying device keeps water; Gas collection should be divided into gas and water, and natural experiments should be divided in order. Toxic gas must be eliminated and the correct inhalation reagent must be selected.
Sometimes there are several devices, and the basic sequence cannot be lost. Occasionally there are small changes, carefully find the relative position. Third, the test tube for reducing copper oxide by hydrogen is inclined downward. At the beginning of the experiment, hydrogen is introduced first, and then the lamp is lit after the air is exhausted. When hydrogen is cooled to room temperature, the light will be on first, and it will explode. When hydrogen is stopped first, the oxidation will turn from black to red. YunChang with a smile:
1. The valence formula is univalent potassium, sodium, silver fluoride, bivalent calcium, barium, magnesium, zinc oxide, trivalent aluminum, tetrasilicic acid and pentavalent phosphorus; 23 iron, 24 carbon. Sulfur is complete, and copper and mercury are the most common.
Second, the solubility formula potassium sodium ammonium salt dissolves quickly in water, ① sulfate removes barium, lead and calcium. ② Chloride is insoluble in silver chloride, and nitrate solution is transparent.
(3) There is no sinking place in the formula. (4) three. Element sequence molecular formula 1-20 (5) hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium and boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon; Sodium magnesium aluminum silicon phosphorus, sulfur chlorine argon potassium calcium.
Four, metal activity formula potassium calcium sodium magnesium aluminum. Zinc, iron, tin, lead, hydrogen, copper, mercury, silver, platinum and gold.
Note: ① Potassium, sodium and ammonium salts are all soluble in water; ② Only barium sulfate, lead sulfate and calcium sulfate are insoluble in sulfate; ③ Nitrates are all soluble in water; ④ All salts not involved in the formula are insoluble in water; ⑤ 1~20 Element Order There is also a homophonic limerick that can help you remember: Don't jump for a young child, cook milk with charcoal eggs, let your sister rain, and let cows, deer and ducks sip. Oxygen production formula: manganese dioxide and potassium chlorate; Stir well and heat.
Oxygen plant has its own characteristics; The bottom is high and the mouth is slightly inclined. Gas gathering formula: exhaust method interacting with water; According to the density.
Insoluble and slightly soluble drainage methods; The obtained gas has high purity. Electrolytic water formula: positive oxygen is helpful for combustion; Negative hydrogen will burn badly.
Solubility of salt: potassium, sodium, ammonium and nitrate are all soluble, but hydrochloric acid is insoluble in silver and mercurous chloride; Sulfate insoluble barium, lead and carbon phosphate insoluble. Most acids are soluble in alkali, less in alkali, and only potassium, sodium, ammonium and barium are soluble in oxygen: manganese dioxide and potassium chlorate; Stir well and heat.
Oxygen plant has its own characteristics; The bottom is high and the mouth is slightly inclined. Gas gathering formula: exhaust method interacting with water; According to the density.
Insoluble and slightly soluble drainage methods; The obtained gas has high purity. Electrolytic water formula: positive oxygen is helpful for combustion; Negative hydrogen will burn badly.
Valence formula: the main valence of common elements is Fuwan iodine-negative monovalent; Silver monohydride and potassium sodium. Remember the negative two of oxygen first; Magnesium, calcium, barium and zinc were positive.
Positive three is aluminum positive silicon; Let's change the price again. All metals are positive electrodes; One, two copper, two, three iron.
Manganese is 24 and 67; Remember the second and fourth carbons. Non-metallic negative body is uneven; Chlorine is negative, positive and 157.
Nitrogen and phosphorus are negative three and positive five; Different phosphorus, three nitrogen, two four. Sulfur has negative two plus four six; Remember, it's cooked after use.
Common root price formula: univalent ammonium nitrate; Hydrohalide hydroxide. Permanganate chlorate; Perchlorate acetate.
Bivalent sulfate carbonate; Manganese bisulfate. Temporarily record ammonium as positive; Negative number three has phosphate.
Metal activity sequence table: (high school) potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, manganese, zinc, chromium, iron, nickel, tin, lead and hydrogen; Copper, mercury, silver and platinum. Valence molecular formula 2 1 monovalent potassium chloride sodium silver; Bivalent calcium, barium, magnesium, zinc, aluminum, silicon, nitrogen and phosphorus; Two, three, iron, two, four, carbon, two, four, six, sulfur; Cu2+is the most common.
Solubility of salt: potassium, sodium, ammonium and nitrate are all soluble, but hydrochloric acid is insoluble in silver and mercurous chloride; Sulfate insoluble barium, lead and carbon phosphate insoluble. Most acids are soluble in alkali, but only potassium, sodium, ammonium and barium are soluble.
Turn first and fold first, the temperature is high and the pressure is high! To produce ethylene, the ratio of alcohol to sulfuric acid is one to three, and the catalytic dehydration is sulfuric acid. The temperature is as high as 170, and ethylene is produced without ether.
The reaction liquid is black, which is caused by alcohol carbonization and sulfuric acid. Silver mirror reaction Silver mirror reaction is very simple, and there are three kinds of ammonia filtration operations to produce ammonium carboxylate: monohydrate, silver and ammonia. The funnel angle of beaker glass rod and filter paper is the same.
Don't forget to let it stand before filtering. Neutralization titration: control the stopper with your left hand, shake the bottle with your right hand, keep your eyes on the solution, and immediately stop discoloration.
The older you get, the dirtier you get. If there is anything wrong, please take care! Laboratory ethylene production: sulfuric acid and alcohol are three to one. Quickly raise the temperature 170, add broken porcelain to suppress the violence, and drain water through the sequence of activities of collecting ethylene metal: Jia Gaina beautiful donkey, new hoof likes to pull the lamp, indicating that there is a beautiful donkey named Jia Gai, and she is happy to change her new hoof.
2. I am proud of all the verses of ascended heaven and the formula of Nine Robbers. Section 1: Why not kill the whole world with a little cold light? Don't change Ling Ruizhi when you are buried deeply, but gather for the emperor! Section 2: Crane has a sword front since ancient times, whistling west and east; The sun and the moon are the general, and the mountains are broken! Section 3: One day goes through the ages, and this road leads to nine secluded places; Cut off the amorous guests in the world of mortals and stop everywhere! Section 4: If the battle of the iron wall has not stopped, what else can I ask for in my life? When nine clouds get together, you will be safe when I am alive! Section 5: Tibetan front hides the light of night, which is still young and strategizes the length of the sun and the moon; I'd rather disappear forever than change the life of a blue sky killer! Section 6: I hold the power of life and death, with my fingers folded and I want to fall; Nine robberies and nine scattered clouds gather, and blood is like ink! Section 7: Without a front, the sky will sink! No blade, no cold sword, Sam! Life and death are determined! A soul that knows silence needs vicissitudes.
3. What are the poems of the Song Dynasty in the twenty-four solar terms? (1) The spring rain surprised the spring and cleared the valley, and Xia Xia was connected (the spring rain surprised the spring and cleared the valley, and Xia Xia was connected). The autumn dew and frost remained unchanged for two months, with a maximum difference of one or two days. The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23, with a maximum difference of one or two days.
At the beginning of fright, carp jumped into the river, and butterflies blossomed in the spring equinox. Flying kites in Qingming Festival is good, and sericulture in Grain Rain West Chamber is also suitable.
Peony grows in summer and flowers are scattered, and Hosta is in front of the court. On the other side of the stream, mangoes grow with fishermen's music, and farmland cultivates the summer solstice.
In summer, put on a white shirt, watch the wind in the river, and sleep in summer. Sunflowers bloom in early autumn, and cicadas listen in the west wing of summer.
The green garden is stained with white dew, and the laurel tree is folded at the autumnal equinox. The cold dew on the dry mountain startled the swan goose, and the first frost appeared in Lu Hua's Polygonum Beach.
Beginning of winter drinks Kirin Pavilion and Xiaoxue embroidered poems. Deep snow warms the red stove, and pipa is lazy to play the winter solstice.
Xiao Han lies high in Handan dream, holding snow floating in the air to get cold. (3) The plum blossoms in early spring are particularly bright, and the red apricots are fresh and tender after the rain; Lulin thunder, butterfly dance between flowers at the vernal equinox.
When the kite is broken in Qingming Festival, there are tender teas in Grain Rain, mulberries like cherries in long summer, and silkworms in Xiaoman to cultivate fields. Before mango seedlings enter the palace, the summer solstice rice and flowers are like white practice; Summer breeze urges early-maturing beans, and Chi Pan enjoys red lotus in hot summer.
Beginning of autumn knows how to make people fall asleep, and sunflowers smile in summer. The white dew returns to the geese, and the autumn equinox smells like osmanthus. Cold dew vegetable seedlings are green, and the first frost reed flowers are floating all over the sky; Beginning of winter reported good news, reported three rewards, and light snow and goose feathers flew in pieces.
The snow is very cold, the plum blossoms are crazy in the wind, and the winter solstice is full of snow. Little cold wanderers are homesick, and they celebrate reunion at the end of the cold year. (4) beginning of spring, a song about climate and agriculture in the 24 solar terms: "beginning of spring, hit six or nine heads in spring, sow in spring, prepare for ploughing and get up early. One year's plan lies in spring, and agricultural production is high and excellent. " .
Rain: Rain and spring rain are as expensive as oil, which can prevent soil moisture from flowing, accumulate more fertilizers and thresh more, and select fine varieties to win a bumper harvest. Scare: The weather is warm, the air is open, hibernating insects wake up, and winter wheat is inhibited to conserve moisture, and spring wheat is raked in the cultivated land.
Vernal equinox: the spring equinox is windy and rainy, the land thaws and the spring tide begins, the rice fields are leveled and plowed early, and the winter wheat turns green and watered. Qingming: Qingming spring grass is green, which is a good time to plant melons, beans, beets and seedlings.
Grain Rain: The snow and frost have not broken in Grain Rain, so don't delay sowing miscellaneous grains. The swallow drops when it comes back, and the branches of the nursery are connected to the orchard. Long summer: In long summer, wheat seedlings grow taller and taller, rice seedlings should be planted on the flat ground, intertillage weeding should protect soil moisture, and the greenhouse should be windproof.
Xiaoman: Xiaoman is as mild as spring, preventing aphids, wheat stalks and flies, fertilizing rice fields to promote evil, and catching and shearing wool to prevent cold wind. Miscanthus species: Miscanthus species have less rain and high temperature, corn seedling interplanting is fixed, buckwheat seeds grab water, and weeding in paddy field.
Summer solstice: Hail is fierce in summer solstice and early summer. Seed is selected by removing impurities, eliminating hail and increasing rainfall, and dry hot wind is used to prevent corn from sticking. Slight summer heat: when entering the dog days, Longkou grabs food and grabs time, and cultivates rice and soil, which is not easy to prevent rain and fire.
Big summer: the summer heat and heavy rain increase, autumn vegetable multiple cropping flood control is tense, rice blast prediction, deep water low temperature seedling protection. Beginning of autumn: Autumn rain began to fall in beginning of autumn, in order to prevent corn borer as soon as possible, turn deep soil into gold, and sprout trees in the nursery.
Summer vacation: In the crisp summer vacation in autumn, emerald beets should be watered, grain and vegetables should be carefully managed in the later period, and winter wheat should be prepared for planting fertilizer. White dew: White dew is cold at night and hot during the day. This is a good season for sowing winter wheat, harvesting sunflowers in sun-dried rice fields and picking early-maturing apples.
Autumnal equinox: The autumn rain is getting colder, the rice tastes yellow and fruity, the autumn harvest is busy, the grain is threshed and handed over to the public, and the mountain area is frost-proof and listening to the weather. Cold dew: cold dew grass withers and geese fly south, potatoes and beets are busy recovering, radishes and cabbages are good, and straws are returned to fields for fertilization in autumn.
First frost: the first frost is frozen frost. In autumn, we should pay close attention to storing soil moisture. In freezing days, we should irrigate winter water, thresh and dry grain, and repair granaries. Beginning of winter: In beginning of winter, the frozen soil disappeared during the day, the sheepfolds and livestock pens were repaired firmly, the fields were leveled, the channels were repaired, and the farmland construction reached a climax.
Xiaoxue: The first snow was sealed in the Xiaoxue field. Young trees and grapes were buried quickly, and the crops were not fat in winter. Heavy snow: heavy snow and wax snow indicate a good year, and diversification creates high yield. During harrowing, soil moisture is maintained, more fertilizer is accumulated, and fertilizer sources are sought.
Winter solstice: Winter solstice lasts nine days. Sheep and livestock should be cold-proof, and it is very important to attend night classes. Increasing production and harvesting depends on scientific research. Slight cold: Slight cold enters three or nine days, makes a fortune for the New Year, attends training classes in the current season, and constantly sums up new experiences.
Great cold: Although it is cold, farmers are happy, but the policy of enriching the people is full of praise, and they will be happy in the coming year if the production contract continues. (5) The centennial song of solar terms says that on the first day of the first month, children come to the road to play with lions.
Silkworm eggs are scared in February, and Qingming graves float in March. In April, rice seedlings are planted in long summer, and in May, Duanyang eats zongzi.
Buy a fan in June and burn a master in beginning of autumn in July. August festival is full of sesame seeds, and September Chongyang catches rotten seeds.
Wear a coat in cold weather in October and dry a cage in winter. In the twelfth lunar month, I hide from my master everywhere.
(6) Seven-character Poems of the Twenty-four Solar Terms It takes one year for the earth to complete a circle around the sun. A year is divided into December, and the 24 solar terms are closely linked.
According to the Gregorian calendar, these two gases will not change every month. The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23 every year.
These are festivals, and the difference is only one or two days. In the twenty-fourth section, I remember the following formulas in my mind: a slight cold followed by a severe cold in January, and a rainy day in beginning of spring in February; The vernal equinox is in March and Qingming Grain Rain is in April. Long summer and full summer in May, full summer solstice in June; July is hot and slightly hot, and August is long summer, beginning of autumn; In September, the Millennium meets the autumnal equinox, and the first frost and cold dew are all in October; There is a light snow in 1 1 month in beginning of winter, and a heavy snow in winter solstice to welcome the New Year.
Grasp the season and busy production, sow and harvest in time to ensure a bumper harvest. (7) The jingle of solar terms is popular among farmers in Northeast China. beginning of spring turns to the sun, rain falls along the river, crows start up, the spring equinox dries up, Qingming wheat is busy, and Grain Rain farms; Long summer goose feathers live, birds are full, awn seeds shovel, summer solstice is not cotton, summer heat is not hot, summer heat is three days; Beginning of autumn is busy doing some work, moving knives and sickles in summer, and putting the Millennium cigarettes on the shelves. The autumnal equinox is not a field, and the cold dew is not cold. The first frost changed its date; In the early winter of October, the light snow is frozen, the stubble of heavy snow is stubble, there is no boat from winter to the sun, the slight cold is near the twelfth month, and it is cold for a whole year.
(8) On the 24th, during the solar term in the Song Dynasty, I ran into a short breath in spring, and the sound of rain startled the crows by the river. On the vernal equinox, the land was clean and wheat was planted. On the Grain Rain, the long summer goose feathers are planted in the fields, and the birds come to shovel. The weather is not hot when cotton is not harvested from summer to Sunday. In dog days, beginning of autumn is busy playing the lake. In summer, sickle and white dew smoke are put on the shelves. On the autumnal equinox, it was neither cold nor frost.
4. The expression and recitation formula of ancient poetry. The expression and recitation formula of ancient poetry
The common expressive techniques in ancient poetry are also called expressive techniques and artistic techniques. The expressions commonly used by the ancients in the creation of poems and songs are briefly summarized as follows:
First, use the code (1) to use things: express your feelings through the ancient times.
Express the author's thoughts, feelings, positions and attitudes through historical stories.
(2) Quote or use the poems of predecessors, deepen the artistic conception of poems, make people think and seek the implication.
Second, imagine
On the basis of existing materials and ideas, people create new ideas through association, reasoning, analysis and synthesis. ?
Third, Lenovo?
The connection between one thing and another thing related to it, or the connection between similar features in things, forms a model.
Fourth, foil or contrast?
Refers to the use of ethidium to make the characteristics or traits of nails more prominent. There are two kinds: front lining and back lining.
Verb (short for verb) rendering?
Describe the environment and scenery in many ways, highlight the image and strengthen the artistic effect. ?
Sixth, symbols?
Express concepts, thoughts and feelings with similar or similar characteristics with concrete and easily associated images. That is to say, with the help of concrete and concrete things, it embodies some kind of spiritual quality or abstract arrangement. ?
How to recite ancient poems
One: When remembering, be clear-headed, happy and confident.
Two: eliminate all factors that interfere with memory learning and let yourself concentrate.
Three: There should be enough fresh air around.
Four: Multi-sensory memory. It means watching, listening, reading and writing.
Fifth, consolidate and practice regularly to master the law of forgetting, that is, repetition.
Six: Remember on the basis of understanding. Understand first, then remember. Pay attention to summing up and thinking when reciting.
5. Poetry about eloquence 1. Such a bright line is at the foot of my bed, Li Bai
2. Be good and prosper Wen Tingyun early
3. Send Yuan Er to Anxi Wang Wei
4. Golden Li Shangyin
5. Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao
6. Drink Tao Yuanming
7. Li Bai drinks the bright moon alone
8. Leave Wang Changling
9. Wang Zhihuan is at Heron Mountain Villa.
10. Liangzhou Ci Wang Zhihuan
1 1. It's hard to get to Li Bai.
12. Gordon Du Fu
13. The Book of Songs Guan Ju
14. The Book of Songs
15. Short Song of Cao Cao
16. Although the tortoise lives in Cao Cao's place.
17. Chen Ziang Youzhou Tower
18. Li Bai, who will enter the wine?
An ancient poem about eloquence: recite 30 lyrics and songs.
1. A piece of plum, Li Qingzhao
2. Speak softly, Li Qingzhao
3. Long-haired Phoenix travels on land
4. Chaitoufeng Decoction Pills
5. Jiang Chengzi Su Shi
6. Liu Yong Yulinling
7. Jade case Yuan Xi Xin Qiji
8. Like a dream, Li Qingzhao
9. Mink singer Su Shi
10. Yu Meiren Li Yu
1 1.
12. Fisherman Ao Fan Zhongyan
13. Mulan Ci Nalan Rong Ruo
14. Sauvignon Blanc Nalan Rong Ruo
15. Butterfly Hua Lian Ouyang Xiu
16. Liu Yong dies in Hua Lian.
17. Huan Xi sand swallow tree
18. Tasha Hang Ouyang Xiu
19. Tang Duoling Wu Wenying
20. Operator Li Chi Ngai
2 1. Qian Qiusui Zhang Xian
22. Jiangchengzi Mizhou went hunting Su Shi.
23. Su Muzhe misses Fan Zhongyan
24. Yangzhou Manhuai Zuo Du Ming Jiang Kui
25. "Fishing" and Qiu Yan's Etymology
26. Warrior Lanling Zhou Bangyan
27. Nian Nujiao misses Su Shi's Chibi.
28. Shumanxin Qiji Bodhisattva, Jiangxi made a mouth wall.
29. Gu Beiting, Jingkou, Nostalgia and Xin Qiji.
30. Tian Jingsha Ma Zhiyuan