First, the growth process of corn
1, sowing date
(1) The sowing date is the period from sowing corn seeds to seedling growing 2-3 leaves. Sowing date has little to do with variety, and the main influencing factors are weather and moisture.
(2) It usually takes about half a month to emerge after sowing. If the weather is dry and the rain is insufficient, the emergence time will be delayed.
2. Seedling stage
(1) The seedling stage is from emergence to jointing stage. Under the conditions of abundant sunshine, abundant rain and timely fertilization, the roots, leaves and stems of corn can be well differentiated.
(2) During this period, we should pay attention to whether the emergence of seedlings is consistent, whether the stems and branches grow healthily, and cultivate strong seedlings with uniform height and thickness as much as possible.
3. Heading date
(1) The jointing stage to heading stage is the heading stage. At this time, vegetative growth and reproductive growth go hand in hand. After jointing, the tassels will blossom, so it is necessary to seal the rows in time and do a good job of management.
(2) During this period, the number and size of fruit ears and the number of grains per ear will gradually form, which plays a decisive role in the harvest of that year.
4. Flower-grain stage
(1) The heading and fruiting period is the period of flowering and grain growth. If the light conditions are suitable and sufficient fertilizer and water are provided, the flowering amount can be increased and the grain plumpness can be improved.
(2) Weeding, fertilizing and watering are the main tasks at flowering stage to ensure high yield of maize.
Step 5 mature
(1) Observe the bract leaves outside the ear and the leaves above the plant. When the bract leaves turn yellow completely and there are 1-2 leaves on the plant that are green, it means that the corncob is completely mature and can be harvested in time.
(2) Maturity is the last stage of maize life, and entering maturity means a bumper harvest.
Second, the method and steps of planting corn
1, soil preparation
(1) Pay close attention to the weather changes before sowing. When the soil moisture is good, it is necessary to seize the favorable opportunity to prepare for ploughing and land preparation, so as to create favorable conditions for timely sowing, sufficient moisture and one-time seedling protection.
(2) The whole community in spring, the whole community in autumn, and the areas prone to spring drought should be prepared as early as possible, make full use of the reclaimed water of soil, and suppress moisture conservation in time.
(3) In low-lying plots and areas prone to spring waterlogging, it is necessary to take advantage of the rising temperature and strong wind in spring, clear ditches as early as possible, plough and dry the soil moisture, cultivate the soil moisture and sow in time.
2. Seed selection
(1) Corn varieties should be selected reasonably according to local light and temperature conditions, and it is suggested to choose excellent varieties with wide stress resistance, high and stable yield, strong adaptability, disease and insect resistance and suitable for mechanized operation as planting objects.
(2) The selected corn varieties should have suitable maturity, and should not be planted over an area to ensure safe maturity after planting. In the corn structure adjustment area, select high-quality special or grain-fed silage corn varieties that have passed the national or provincial examination and approval (identification) and are suitable for local cultivation according to local conditions.
(3) It is suggested to buy high-quality coated seeds, which are not easy to be harmed by pests and underground pests, and the emergence rate and population uniformity are good.
Step 3: sow.
(1) Choose the appropriate sowing date according to the local temperature, soil moisture in the planting area, corn varieties and other conditions, so as to achieve uniform sowing, accurate seed use, seed fertilizer isolation, consistent depth, moderate suppression, tight soil covering, timely mechanical precision sowing, improve sowing quality, and strive to protect seedlings at one time.
(2) For plots with moderate soil moisture, mechanical ditching, sowing, fertilization, soil covering, ridging and other operations can be completed at one time, so as to reduce the times of turning over soil and make full use of soil moisture.
(3) In areas with low ground temperature and high soil moisture, ridging should be done as soon as possible, and appropriate shallow sowing or covering should be done, and the ground temperature should be suppressed the next day.
(4) In areas with poor soil moisture and prone to drought, water-saving and drought-resistant sowing methods can be adopted, such as water and fertilizer integration, drip irrigation under plastic film and plastic film mulching. Ridge and furrow flat sowing and less no-tillage sowing can also be used.
4. Close planting
(1) According to the characteristics of selected maize varieties, local actual production situation, population structure and other conditions, a reasonable population structure was constructed to lay a population foundation for high yield.
(2) Under normal production conditions, the seedling protection density is about 4000 plants/mu. If maize varieties are dense-tolerant, the soil fertility in the planting area is good, the water content is suitable, the fertilization level is high, and the irrigation and production conditions are good, the seedling-protecting density can be increased to 4500-5000 plants/mu.
5, fertilization
In the process of maize growth and development, we should provide sufficient nutrients, improve soil physical properties by applying base fertilizer and improving soil fertility, and create favorable conditions for maize seed root system development.
Step 6 harvest
When the black layer appears at the grain tip, or the grain milk line disappears, it can be harvested.