First, China Peony City

The "Peony City of China" selection activity was held by Peony Branch of China Flower Association in September, 2006, aiming at promoting and driving the development of peony industry in China, prospering local economy and promoting peony culture. Six cities, including Luoyang, Henan, Heze, Shandong, Lanzhou, Gansu, Pengzhou, Sichuan, Yancheng, Jiangsu and Bozhou, Anhui, submitted application requests respectively. At the beginning of 2007, Peony and Peony Branch of China Flower Association approved the naming of the approved city and awarded the license. However, at the beginning of 2007, the Ministry of Civil Affairs began to rectify all kinds of selection activities, so the selection of "China Peony City" was stopped and has not been resumed. So now the so-called "Peony City" refers to cities such as Luoyang, the main peony producing area.

2. Luoyang Peony City

1. City alias "Peony City"

Luoyang peony, a deciduous shrub, "Luoyang vein flower is the most suitable, and peony is wonderful in the world." Its cultivation began in Sui Dynasty, flourished in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty. It is elegant, beautiful and gorgeous, which means good luck, wealth and prosperity. It is a symbol of the prosperity and happiness of the Chinese nation. Peony flowers in Luoyang are large, varied and colorful. There are 9 color systems, 10 flower patterns and 1000 varieties, including red, white, pink, yellow, purple, blue, green, black and multicolor. When I was in bloom, Luoyang was crowded with people, vying to see the beauty of peony. "Luoyang is the first famous garden in the world" and "Luoyang peony is the first in the world". When the famous garden comes out, it enjoys it and the country is very beautiful. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty, there were hundreds of gardens in Luoyang, or Fengge Dragon House, which were connected with Han Xiao. Or elaborate, colorful. Scholars and poets of past dynasties splashed ink and stones in ancient temples, adding poetry and painting to the ancient city. The history of peony cultivation in Luoyang is as follows: ① Sui Dynasty, Yang Dishi (AD 605-6 18), "The land was divided into two hundred miles for the West Garden ......, and all the birds, animals, flowers and trees in the world were introduced to the capital (now Luoyang, Henan Province) ... Yizhou (now Yixian, Hebei Province) entered twenty boxes of peony." Sui's Su Zhiwen said, "Peony blooms at five o'clock in Qingming Festival. "This is enough to show that Luoyang peony is bigger as an ornamental plant. ② Peony cultivation began in the Tang Dynasty (6 18-907). Legend has it that there was a man named Song Shanfu who was good at growing flowers. At the call of Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he went to Lishan to plant more than 10,000 plants of different colors (Longcheng Record). Li Bai's "clouds want clothes and flowers, and the spring breeze blows the threshold." "If it weren't for Yushantou, I would meet Yaotai under the moon." Three songs, such as Qingpingdiao, are about peonies of different colors. "The peony demon in front of the court is unqualified, and the lotus on the pool is quiet and affectionate. Only peony is the real national color, and capital moves when flowers bloom. " (Liu Yuxi: "Appreciating Peony") "The imperial city is dying in spring, and it is noisy for a while; * * * Peony, accompanied by Wu Zetian Peony.

Buy flowers. The price is priceless, and the reward depends on the number of flowers: burning a hundred red flowers and stepping on the beam. ..... everyone is used to it, and everyone is obsessed. ..... "(Bai Juyi:" Buy Flowers ") From these poems, we can see the grand occasion of digging peony in Chang 'an, the imperial capital at that time. At this time, peony not only has many kinds of colors, but also has some novel changes and double petals. "There is a peony nest in Xingtang Temple, and Yuanhe has 1,200 flowers. Their colors are positive halo, inverted halo, light red, light purple, purple white, white sandalwood and so on. There are those without crimson, those without hearts inside and outside the leaves, and those with heavy flowers with seven or eight inches painted faces. "("Youyang Miscellany ")" Chiba peony was planted in front of the Muzong Emperor Temple, and bloom was fragrant, and Chiba was big and red. " (Du Yang Za). This also shows that as early as the ninth century, China already had double-petalled peony. Song, a native of Luoyang in Tang Dynasty, was a single father and was good at gardening. He planted thousands of kinds of red and white peonies, and was respected as a gardener by his contemporaries, which surprised him with his "unique skills". Cherish this superb skill, there is no record passed down from generation to generation. Song Ouyang Xiu's "Three Records of Peony Customs in Luoyang" records that there was a man with a compound surname in Dongmen in the Song Dynasty, who was called "Men Yuanzi". He is a master of grafting peony flowers. The rich man asked him to graft peony in autumn, and then paid for it when he saw it in the next spring. He picked one alive, worth 5,000 yuan. Zhang Bangji's "Mo Zhuang Man Lu" also records that during the Xuanhe period, there was a gardener named Ou in Luoyang who cultivated roots with medicinal materials. The following year, it bloomed in light blue, known as "Ogabi", which is extremely precious and is presented to the court as a tribute every year. (3) Song Dynasty Song Dynasty (960- 1279), China Peony Cultivation Center was moved from Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty to Luoyang, with more varieties of peony and more systematic cultivation techniques. A number of theoretical monographs appeared, which greatly promoted the study of peony. Luoyang peony

The works of this period include "Luoyang Peony" by Ouyang Xiu; Zhou's Peony in Yinjiang Luoyang and Flowers and Trees in Luoyang; Max Zhang's "Luoyang Flower Spectrum" and so on. This paper introduces the cultivation and management of peony, and summarizes a set of mature experiences. Ouyang Xiu said: Generally speaking, Luo people have flowers in their homes, but it is difficult to cover them without big trees. The artificial cultivation of peony in Luoyang began in Sui Dynasty and flourished in Tang Dynasty, with the Northern Song Dynasty as the best. Later, with the transfer of the political center and the destruction of the famous gardens in Luoyang, in the Southern Song Dynasty, peony in Tian Peng, Sichuan Province began to flourish, and a small Luoyang appeared. Judging from more than 60 varieties recorded in Lu You's Tian Peng Peony Spectrum, most of them were introduced from Luoyang. In the Ming Dynasty, there were many old varieties of peony in Bozhou, Anhui Province, all of which were introduced from Luoyang. In Qing Dynasty, Cao Zhou Peony replaced Bozhou Peony, and Luoyang Peony was directly or indirectly related to Cao Zhou Peony, showing the spread and influence of Luoyang Peony. Today, Luoyang Peony has spread to Italy, Germany, France, Japan, the United States, the Netherlands, South Africa, Australia, China, Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong. The influence of Luoyang as a peony city:1982 On September 2 1 day, the Standing Committee of Luoyang Municipal People's Congress passed a resolution to regard peony as the "city flower" of Luoyang City. According to the opening situation of peony, Luoyang Peony Culture Festival in China will be held from April to May every year. Luoyang, as one of the four major peony fairs in China before China's Luoyang Peony Culture Festival, has successfully held 29 consecutive peony fairs from 1983 to now (20 1 1). For more than 20 years, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government have adhered to the guiding ideology of "making friends with flowers, publicizing Luoyang and opening wider to the outside world", and "Luoyang sets the stage and the whole province sings", making the Peony Fair a large-scale comprehensive economic and cultural activity integrating flower viewing, sightseeing, economic and trade cooperation and exchange. Luoyang Peony Flower Festival has become an important event in the political, economic and cultural life of Luoyang people, an indispensable grand festival for Luoyang people, a platform for Luoyang's economic development and a window to display the city's image, a bridge for Luoyang to go global, and a business card for the world to understand Luoyang. At the same time, it has become an excellent platform and stage for enterprises to show their strength, establish their image and publicize their fame. Every year, the opening ceremony, celebration party and other important events, the emblem and mascot of Luoyang Peony Fair will be broadcast continuously on CCTV and other media.

Release, produced a huge publicity effect. During the flower show, Luoyang invited Chinese and foreign journalists to cover the flower show in depth, especially the well-known Chinese and foreign media such as Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily Overseas Edition, CCTV International Channel, Hong Kong Wen Wei Po, Phoenix TV Chinese Channel and American Oriental TV, which greatly improved Luoyang's influence at home and abroad. In recent years, Luoyang city has also seized the opportunity of the national flower selection and launched a series of massive peony publicity activities. The TV art film "China Peony" was filmed, and the TV feature film "Peony Love" was carefully produced, which was broadcast on CCTV and other news media to let people at home and abroad know more about peony and Luoyang. The improvement of peony's popularity has played an important role in running the peony fair well, establishing the image of Luoyang and expanding its influence at home and abroad. As the image messenger of the ancient capital, Luoyang Peony has taken root and blossomed in more than 20 countries including Britain, America, France, Germany, Australia, Netherlands, Belgium and Singapore. Luoyang, the ancient capital, has established sister city relations with some cities in Japan, France, Bulgaria, the United States, South Korea and other countries. 2010 July/kloc-0 June 12, Liu Yuzhu, Director of the Cultural Industry Department of the Ministry of Culture, and his party came to Luoyang to investigate the development of Luoyang Peony Fair and cultural industry. Liu Yuzhu proposed that, through five to 10 years' efforts, Luoyang Peony Fair will become one of the most internationally influential cultural festivals and cultural brands in China, a platform for displaying the spiritual outlook of contemporary China people, a platform for cultural exchanges between China and the world, and a cultural event with sustained international influence. Since 20 1 1, Luoyang Peony Flower Festival in Henan Province has been officially upgraded to Luoyang Peony Culture Festival in China, co-sponsored by the Ministry of Culture and the People's Government of Henan Province, and undertaken by the Department of Culture of Henan Province and the People's Government of Luoyang City.

2. City landmark "Peony City"

Peony City is located in Luoyang Peony Square, hence its name. It is a 28-story building, Luoyang Jing 'an Peony City Hotel.

Now it's called Luoyang Jing 'an Peony City Hotel. It is located in the central business district of Luoyang, on the bustling Nanchang Road. Modern style business floor, simple, elegant and fashionable, provides comfortable accommodation for tourists. The revolving restaurant in Shi Ming, located on the 25th floor, overlooks the beautiful scenery of Luoyang, the ancient capital, making tourists linger. The hotel pays equal attention to personalized service, business and leisure, and is equipped with an oversized parking lot, which is an excellent place for tourists to enjoy tourism and leisure and plan business meetings. Jing 'an Peony City Hotel has 195 well-equipped rooms, which were redesigned and renovated by famous designers in 2006. In particular, the business rooms are classical and modern in style, equipped with computers and connected with high-speed 100-megabit optical fibers for your free use. In the hotel's high-end business banquet, you can choose Chinese abalone wing seafood restaurant and western Masboro steakhouse. For family and friends gathering, you can choose Macau Food Street, which gathers snacks from the north and the south, and Shi Ming revolving cafeteria overlooking the beautiful ancient capital. For business and leisure travel, Jing 'an Peony City is the best choice for Luoyang tourists.

Third, Heze Peony City

Heze, formerly known as Cao Zhou, is now the largest peony planting base in Shandong Province. Heze, formerly known as Cao Zhou, is known as a "strong county" and "metropolis". Here, there are rich things, outstanding people and a history book. Peony has been cultivated in Cao Zhou for hundreds of years. There were many peonies in Luoyang in the Song Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu wrote a poem, "Luoyang is the most suitable flower, and peonies are wonderful in the world." Since the Ming Dynasty, peony planting has been introduced into Cao Zhou, which is now Heze County. Up to now, there are hundreds of varieties and thousands of acres of peony fields in Heze. Every year around Grain Rain, Cao Zhou Peony meets strangers, which is gorgeous and spectacular.

Heze has a cultivated area of 50,000 mu, nine color systems and more than 600 varieties. It sells well in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other large and medium-sized cities 100, and is exported to more than 20 countries and regions such as Japan, France and Canada. Heze peony is elegant, colorful and fragrant, and won the 8 1 prize at the 99' Kunming World Horticultural Exposition. Heze Peony is also called Cao Zhou Peony in history. Flowers are big, colorful, beautiful and fragrant, and they are "things in the sea". Heze peony is characterized by tall and straight branches, luxuriant leaves and elegant flowers, and is known as the top grade of ornamental peony. Heze peony has achieved fruitful scientific research. As early as the first national flower skin Expo, three scientific research achievements of Heze peony new variety breeding, peony field flower forcing technology research and peony new variety research won the national scientific and technological progress award, ranking first in the number of national peony scientific research awards. 1997 1 month 14, Heze peony scientific research achievements passed the national appraisal for the fourth time. Only this time, there are new peony varieties cultivation, desk peony soilless culture, peony temperature-resistant products screening, Feng Dan Miao wood grafting ornamental peony commercial production.

Seven achievements, such as utilization, peony bonsai research, peony cut flower variety breeding and peony new variety breeding, have passed the appraisal, and are the achievements with the most scientific research value. Five of them have reached the domestic leading level, which indicates that Heze Peony has made a breakthrough in scientific research. Thus, the ornamental value of peony is improved, the planting range and application range of peony are broadened, the problem of rapid breeding of precious varieties is solved to a certain extent, a new way is opened up for peony to enter thousands of households, and conditions are created for connecting with the international flower industry. Praised by Vice President Chen. Heze Peony has also won awards in major flower exhibitions at home and abroad, enjoying a high reputation at home and abroad. At the first, second, third and fourth National Flower Exposition, Heze Peony won the gold, silver and bronze awards and the scientific and technological progress award, and 26 fine pieces will be exhibited. In three Hong Kong international flower shows, Heze Peony caused a sensation, winning the first prize 1 piece and three first prizes. At the Bordeaux International Flower Expo in France and the Pittsburgh International Invention Expo in the United States, they won the silver prize for the total score of the contest and the silver prize for dried peony flowers respectively. At the 4th Flower Expo, Heze Peony won the only "Special Award for Attractions" and 6 individual awards. Especially in the 99' China Kunming World Horticultural Exposition, Heze Peony won the championship in one fell swoop, and * * won 8 1 in the19 Peony Individual Award, accounting for 68%. Among them, Heze "Cao Zhou Peony Garden" and "Qiaozihong" Peony each won1; 12 gold medal, Heze Peony "Black Flower" and "Caozhou Red" won10; 36 silver medals, 26 Heze Peony "Hu Hong" and "lantian jade"; Of the 60 bronze medals, Heze Peony "Flower Er Qiao" and "Huang Huakui" won 43. The expert judges unanimously commented: "Heze peony flowers are large, colorful and flowery, which is worthy of being a national beauty." At present, 1 156 Heze peony varieties with 9 colors, such as black, red and yellow, have obtained the origin certification of Heze Cao Zhou Peony Garden by AQSIQ.

Sign registration certification. Heze City has a long history of peony cultivation, which was famous in Ming Dynasty. Pu Songling said in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio that "Cao Zhou Peony is Qilu" and wrote a fairy tale of Ge Jinyu. After liberation, especially since the reform and opening up, Cao Zhou Peony, which is rich in historical traditions, has entered a brand-new development period. At present, the planting area of Heze peony has reached more than 50 thousand mu, with more than 600 varieties. Peony culture formed in history, including pharmacology, botany, horticulture, geography, literature and art, drama and folk art, is an integral part of China national culture. With the establishment of the market economy system, Heze established the Peony Research Institute, the world's first fragrance society and research society, to systematically study, develop and utilize peony resources and serve local economic construction. Since 1992, Heze has held the Heze International Peony Fair with the aim of "taking flowers as the medium, making friends, building a cultural stage, singing opera in economy and trade, developing tourism and revitalizing the economy". So far, it has been successfully held for 18 sessions. Every flower fair, all kinds of commercial activities and cultural activities complement each other, tourists are woven and merchants gather, which brings social and economic benefits. Peony industry has become a pillar industry of one party's economy. bloom in Four Seasons beautifies people's life and blends into people's life. It is exported to more than 20 countries and regions in the world. Peony has become the pride of Heze people and has opened up a broad prospect for Heze's economic development.