1, prevention and control of plague and its effect.
Plague is a serious hazard, and the party and people's government take active and effective measures to prevent and control plague. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Ministry of Health set up prevention and control centers, set up plague prevention and control teams, carried out effective prevention and control, and carried out preventive injections in plague endemic areas such as Northeast China, Chameng, Zhejiang, Fujian and Yunnan.
In addition, publicity activities were carried out to publicize the knowledge of plague harm and prevention and control, mobilize the masses to catch rats and fleas, report the plague epidemic situation in time, and rely on the masses to prevent and control it, which has achieved great results. Plague was basically controlled in 1950s. China Health Yearbook (1985), People's Health Publishing House (1985), p. 25.
Smallpox is a deadly infectious disease. After the founding of New China, smallpox prevention and control work was vigorously carried out, and national vaccination activities were promoted. 1950, 10 In June, the State Council issued the Instructions on Vaccination in Autumn, and the Ministry of Health issued the Interim Measures for Vaccination. Governments at all levels and health administrative departments have carried out extensive publicity, vigorously promoted the popularization of vaccination activities, and established leading institutions for vaccination publicity and training.
From 1949 to 1952, the number of people vaccinated exceeded 500 million, and more than10 million vaccinia vaccines were used every year. Vaccination has been widely carried out in Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and other regions, and the vaccination rate has reached 90%. By 1950, 40 million people had been vaccinated, and by 1950, 2 million people had been vaccinated.
Li Dequan: Striving to further improve people's health, People's Daily, 195 1 10.
1955 The Ministry of Health promulgated the Measures for the Management of Infectious Diseases, and smallpox was classified as a Class A infectious disease. Emergency prevention measures have been formulated and an epidemic prevention network has been established from the central to the local level. The government has established border immunization zones along the borders of Myanmar, India and Nepal, and strengthened border health and quarantine.
The World Health Organization formulated the smallpox eradication plan in 1958, and started the global smallpox eradication campaign in 1967, and smallpox was eradicated in 1977. Smallpox was basically eliminated in China in 1960s, ahead of the epidemic countries in Africa 16. The incidence of smallpox is decreasing year by year.
3. Schistosomiasis is a serious parasitic disease that harms people's health and affects agricultural labor production. The party and the government attach great importance to it. 1956 The CPC Central Committee issued the call of "the whole party mobilized and the whole people started to eliminate schistosomiasis".
1957, the State Council issued the "Instructions on the Elimination of Schistosomiasis", which proposed that the eradication of schistosomiasis should be an important political task, and pointed out that "it is necessary to actively treat and prevent schistosomiasis, from controlling infection to reducing infection year by year, and finally achieve the goal of eliminating schistosomiasis." Selected Important Documents Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China, Volume 10, Central Literature Publishing House, 1994, Page 2 15.
1955 set up the central leading group for schistosomiasis control, the Ministry of Health set up the schistosomiasis control bureau, and other institutions were set up in various places. The epidemic area has successively set up 16 prevention and control station, 78 prevention and control stations and 420 prevention and control groups, "Combating Schistosomiasis Harmful to People's Health", People's Daily, August 23rd 1955.
1957, there were more than16,000 schistosomiasis prevention professionals in China, and various simple and easy preventive measures were implemented. Strengthening the leadership of the party and the government is the fundamental guarantee for great achievements in schistosomiasis control.
1956, the government treated more than 400,000 patients in 12 epidemic area and mobilized the masses to carry out snail control campaign. 1958, the snail control area in lakes and marshes reached one million mu, and the snail control area in yujiang county county from 1955 to 1957 reached 650,342 square meters, accounting for 92 square meters of the total snail control area. 1957 165438+1October16 Jiangxi daily 3rd edition.
Dongzhi county is a serious schistosomiasis area. The measures of "active treatment, comprehensive management and snail control" were formulated. From 65438 to 0958, the county "mobilized the masses to participate in the battle of schistosomiasis control and snail control". According to statistics, the snail control area in the county is 6.5438+0.765 million square meters, and 40,086 patients have been treated. Compilation of schistosomiasis control data in dongzhi county (1950~ 1980), dongzhi county schistosomiasis control station archives, pp. 35~37.
In the 1950s, by mobilizing the masses to prevent and treat schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis was basically eliminated, people's health was protected and production development was promoted.
4. Cholera, diphtheria, relapsing fever, malaria and other infectious diseases have also been effectively prevented, and remarkable results have been achieved in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
1950165438+1On October 25th, Beijing took the lead in promulgating the Interim Measures for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases.
It is stipulated that cholera, plague and smallpox should be reported immediately after discovery, and no later than 12 hours; Diphtheria, scarlet fever, typhus, meningitis and meningitis should be reported within 24 hours after discovery; Dysentery, typhoid fever (paratyphoid fever), relapsing fever, kala-azar and measles should be reported within 48 hours after clinical diagnosis. Interim Measures for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Beijing, Volume 2, No.8, Beijing Municipal Government Gazette 195 1.
1955 The Central Ministry of Health promulgated the Measures for the Management of Infectious Diseases, which classified infectious diseases into Class A and Class B, established an epidemic reporting system of infectious diseases, and put forward clear requirements for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
It is stipulated that "the discovery of Class A infectious diseases such as plague shall not exceed 12 hours in cities and 24 hours in rural areas at the latest; When class B infectious diseases such as Japanese encephalitis are discovered, they should immediately report to the health and epidemic prevention institutions, which should not exceed 24 hours in cities and 3 days in rural areas. " People's Republic of China (PRC) (China) Official Gazette1July 955.
Extended data:
Social influence and enlightenment of infectious disease prevention and control in China in 1950s;
In the early days of the founding of New China, our government's effective prevention and treatment of infectious diseases had a positive impact at that time and accumulated rich and beneficial experience.
(A) the social impact of infectious disease prevention and control in the 1950s
1, protect people's lives and health, and resume the development of production.
In the early days of the founding of New China, the Party and the government mobilized the masses to actively prevent and control infectious diseases. Infectious diseases were effectively prevented, people's labor ability was improved, and agricultural production was restored and developed, which enabled the smooth implementation of the first five-year plan and played an important role in economic recovery and development in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
2. Improve the ruling management level of the Party and the government and consolidate the people's political power.
The effective prevention and control of infectious diseases in 1950s improved people's health, shaped a good political image of new China and consolidated people's political power. The Party and the people's government raised the prevention and control of infectious diseases to a political level, mobilized the society, coordinated all aspects to carry out prevention and control work, established and improved health prevention and control institutions with a high sense of responsibility, implemented an epidemic reporting system, formulated health policies and regulations, and carried out scientific research, which quickly and effectively controlled and eliminated serious infectious diseases, reflecting a high level of governance and leadership.
3, the establishment of health and epidemic prevention organization network, the development of people's health care.
An important influence of the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the early days of the founding of New China was the establishment of health and epidemic prevention organizations covering the whole country from top to bottom and the cultivation of high-quality health and epidemic prevention teams, which became an important guarantee for the development of people's health undertakings.
In order to strengthen the professional organization of infectious disease prevention and control, a national conference on health administration was held in Beijing in February. It is proposed to establish health and epidemic prevention stations and prevention research institutions, cultivate a large number of technical backbones for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, form a national health and epidemic prevention network including health and epidemic prevention, monitoring and supervision, and prevention research, form a government-led health and epidemic prevention work system, and lay the organizational foundation for the health and epidemic prevention work in new China.
(B) the historical enlightenment of infectious disease prevention and control
The practice of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in the early days of the founding of New China has left positive and beneficial historical enlightenment.
1 First of all, focus on prevention. In countries with relatively backward economy and culture, it is an economical and efficient way to prevent diseases through effective measures. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, the prevention and control of infectious diseases carried out the policy of putting prevention first, and through preventive measures, infectious diseases were controlled and eliminated, costs were reduced, people's health was guaranteed, and remarkable achievements were made.
Secondly, we attach importance to social mobilization and resource adjustment. The party and the government adhere to the mass line and pay attention to social mobilization and participation. Widely mobilize the masses to participate in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and local governments mobilize the masses to conclude epidemic prevention conventions, carry out patriotic health campaigns, and improve environmental sanitation.
The people's government integrated and dispatched social health resources, such as public and private hospitals, the Red Cross, the Chinese Medical Association and other trade organizations, supported the prevention and treatment of important infectious diseases, and concentrated manpower and material resources on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases at that time, which was fruitful.
3. Re-attach importance to professional leadership and establish a professional leadership system. In the 1950s, the government upgraded the routine activities of prevention work to the unified actions of the central government, and set up leading and preventing institutions for infectious diseases at all levels from the central to the local, with clear responsibilities and high efficiency, which can fully mobilize and integrate social resources, coordinate all forces, and concentrate on the prevention and treatment of major infectious diseases, thus playing an important leading role.
China Social Science Network-Research Institute >> Annual Meeting of National History >> Papers of previous annual meetings >> Proceedings of the 12 Annual Meeting of National History > & gtHistorical investigation of infectious disease prevention and control in New China in 1950s.