Basic measures and schemes of community health education (1)
Health education is the most important of all health problems, preventive measures and control measures, an activity to publicize and popularize medical and health knowledge, and a necessary method for people to prevent diseases and maintain and promote physical and mental health. Health education in community health service center is the product of social development and medical progress, which makes the community health service center change from simple medical service to comprehensive service integrating prevention, treatment, nursing, rehabilitation and health care. Through scientific implementation of health education in community health service centers, it is convenient for community residents to establish health awareness and develop good health behaviors and lifestyles, which has played a positive role in improving the self-care ability and group health level of community residents and achieved good educational results.
Significance of health education in 1 community health service center
Health education is an important function of community health service center.
Under the new situation of changing from disease-centered to patient-centered and human health-centered, people's demand for health has not only stayed at the level of maintaining life and not suffering from diseases, but also needs to constantly maintain and promote health. Health education is an integral part of community health service center and an important duty of community medical staff.
Health education is a kind of treatment.
In modern medicine, many diseases are closely related to people's bad living habits. The most fundamental way to treat these diseases is not to rely on drugs, but to change the unhealthy behavior of patients through health education. The outstanding function is that health education is a planned, purposeful and evaluated educational activity to promote health, which affects and changes people's unhealthy behaviors, guides people to develop beneficial health behaviors, and makes them reach the best health state, and plays a synergistic role in various clinical diagnosis and treatment.
1.3 Relevant knowledge to be mastered in health education.
Health pedagogy is an applied discipline, and its principles come from medicine, pedagogy, psychology, anthropology and sociology. Behavioral science, communication and preventive medicine are the main basic disciplines that hospital health education should learn from [5]. Behavioral science is the main course of the basic theory of health education, and health education is the science of cultivating healthy behavior. On the basis of raising awareness and changing ideas, in order to meet the needs of health education, expand knowledge, organize the compilation of health education textbooks and carry out learning exchanges.
1.4 Health education is the inevitable trend of health care development.
The disease spectrum and death spectrum in developed countries and China have undergone fundamental changes. The main causes of death are no longer infectious diseases and malnutrition. Bad behavior and lifestyle are risk factors for these diseases, which cannot be solved by medicine. And is the way of health education and health promotion conducive to reducing risk factors and preventing all kinds of? Lifestyle disease? .
1.5 Is health education promoted globally? Everyone is healthy? The core strategy of
It is a low-input and high-output health care measure. Vigorously promoting health education and exploring health education with community characteristics are effective guarantees for improving citizens' quality, health and quality of life. The data show that in 20XX, the consumption of health resources in China exceeded 610 billion, accounting for 6.4% of the gross national product. The direct economic loss caused by illness, disability and premature death is more than 780 billion, accounting for 8.2% of the gross national product, and two items are nearly140 billion. If you do a good job in health science education, you can basically reduce all kinds of diseases by half and prolong your life span by ten years.
1.6 Health education is an important channel to improve self-care awareness.
Self-care refers to people's efforts to maintain and improve their health. In order to prevent, detect and treat diseases, health education is a beneficial health care measure from the perspective of health behavior. Only health education and health promotion can improve people's awareness and ability of self-care, enhance people's consciousness and initiative, and enhance people's physical self-protection, psychological self-regulation, self-control of behavior and lifestyle and self-regulation of interpersonal relationships.
1.7 is helpful to improve the doctor-patient relationship and establish a good image of health service.
Medical staff can carry out health education in diagnosis and treatment, which not only meets the needs of patients, reduces the psychological burden, but also creates a treatment environment conducive to patients' physical and mental recovery, thus reducing the occurrence of disputes between doctors and patients.
2. Implementation measures of health education in community health service centers
2. 1 Establish a comprehensive health education mechanism
The challenge of society to medical and epidemic prevention has gradually turned to the challenge of health education and health promotion. Community health education and health promotion are important functions of community health service and important measures to ensure the health of community residents. Establish a long-term mechanism of health education, actively carry out active health education activities, enhance health awareness, urge community residents to consciously adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles, prevent and control diseases, and improve the quality of life.
2.2 Implement flexible, diverse and distinctive forms of education.
Through language education (oral conversation, health consultation, discussion, etc. ), text education (using slogans, health education prescriptions, health brochures, folding pages, health newspapers, health wall newspapers, health columns, etc. With pictures, photos and TV), instant outpatient education and regular health education lectures, to enhance the publicity and education effect, so that the health education content of community health service centers can be properly expressed and easily accepted by the educated.
2.3 Solid and effective health education activities.
Make full use of it? World Tuberculosis Day? 、? World Diabetes Prevention Day? 、? World Hypertension Prevention Day? And other publicity days, vigorously promote community health education, so that more healthy and sub-healthy community residents can receive education. Actively organize community lectures on tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease, so that patients can obtain health knowledge through the platform provided by community health services, exchange the latest medical information with each other, encourage each other, and establish confidence and courage to overcome diseases.
2.4 Scientific implementation of health education, improve the concept of health investment.
Through scientific health education, community residents can further master the common sense of medical care and understand that health investment is an economic resource consumed for preventing and treating diseases and restoring and developing people's most basic and universal social activity ability and labor production ability; Most families participate in activities such as ordering health knowledge books and vaccinating. Enhance their self-care awareness and ability, develop good health behaviors, make them reach the best health state, effectively control the incidence of diseases, reduce the incidence, play a positive role in people's health and achieve good educational results. For example, in 20XX, according to the requirements of the Ministry of Health, our hospital proposed to strengthen health education and public opinion guidance in the prevention and control of influenza A (H 1N 1). Organize community health centers to distribute more than 65,438+00,000 publicity materials in the community within a few days. Anti-flu soup 20327 people (including carefully packaged preventive drugs? Anti-flu soup 8,000 people); Through the propaganda of influenza A (H 1N 1) prevention and preventive drug application, residents have mastered the knowledge of self-protection and preventive methods, effectively eliminated the panic of some residents, laid a solid foundation for the next preventive work, and implemented the government's caring actions among community residents, which won favorable comments from the masses.
2.5 Listening is the basis of communication skills.
Communication skills are a sincere and serious commitment. When you say it, you can close the distance with patients with sincere eyes. By listening, medical staff can understand the basic situation of the educated, the thoughts and roots of the problem. In the process of listening, we should be patient, actively participate in and analyze the main points, and then ask questions with conversation and communication skills, so that the respondents can make clear, complete and true answers, so as to obtain some unexpected information, and then carry out targeted health guidance.
2.6 establish? Empathy? Implement health education
Development? Suppose I am a patient, what should I do? Activities run through health education all the time. Do you want to use them? Five hearts? (Enthusiastic, caring, patient, careful, compassionate) Educate patients to understand their own condition, complications and the consequences of not treating them correctly. In practice, cancer patients are the focus of health education, because patients with malignant tumors cannot receive health education again and again, so we need to have? Five hearts? Let them receive education, cooperate with treatment, achieve psychological knowledge, and make the satisfaction of doctors and patients reach 100%.
It can be seen that the implementation of health education in community health service centers is a health education activity and process aimed at different groups of people by using community resources, which has changed the attitude of community residents from? Popularize specialized health knowledge? Expand to build? Healthy behavior? Encouraging community residents to be responsible for their own health and improving people's health-related activities have become people's practical knowledge and are of great significance to the development of community health education.
Basic measures and procedures of community health education (2)
I. Guiding ideology
Guided by Scientific Outlook on Development, aiming at establishing a provincial-level health city, based on the standards of health education in provincial-level health cities, starting from building a harmonious society, improving the city's taste and promoting the coordinated economic and social development in our region, aiming at improving people's health level and quality of life, and developing health education? Six inches? (into the community, into the family, into the hospital, into the school, into the unit, into the village) activities as the starting point, and comprehensively carry out health education.
Two. Objectives and tasks
(a) community health education, that is, health education into the community, into the family.
1, the basic situation within the jurisdiction is clear (number of neighborhood committees, number of households and population).
2, establish and improve the health education leading group, with leaders in charge, equipped with full-time staff responsible for health education, and improve the health education network, with financial guarantee.
3. The community and the community health service institutions within its jurisdiction should join hands and cooperate with each other to do a good job in community health education within its jurisdiction. The community should fully organize, publicize and carry out community health education, and the community health service center should actively cooperate with street community organizations to carry out health education activities such as training, lectures and consultation, so as to realize * * * resource sharing.
4, health education professionals should actively participate in all kinds of business training, training plan and training notice or certificate.
5, the annual health education summary. There is a code of health behavior for residents. The scheme is required to be formulated according to the local actual situation, which is feasible and operable. Summarizing needs data, information, analysis and evaluation. The plan and summary shall be dated and stamped with the official seal.
6. Health education records: records, photos, publicity materials, etc. Organize training and carry out all kinds of education and activities related to health education (such as holding meetings, arranging work, setting up publicity, holding lectures, evaluating wallboard, knowledge contests, consulting hotlines, inspection and guidance, assessment, etc. ). All kinds of data are well preserved and managed in a standardized way.
Actively carry out targeted health education activities for key groups and carry out mass health education in various forms.
7. Health education position: health publicity column and wallboard shall be no less than 3 square meters. There are health newspapers and materials in the community activity room. Not less than 4 kinds. Fixed health education columns should be replaced regularly, not less than 6 times a year. The propaganda content can focus on the health needs of the masses and the health and epidemic prevention work. The layout should be illustrated, with published columns, questions and important contents (with records or photos).
8. Data distribution records: there are publicity materials and distribution records of health education in the family (in tabular form). Every year, there are more than 4 kinds of publicity materials for each household, and the household rate is required to reach more than 80%. Publicity materials are well preserved and can be provided in time for home inspection.
9. Organize community residents to give lectures on health education, at least once a quarter, with lecture notices and teaching records.
10. Publicize the knowledge of prevention and treatment of common infectious diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases to residents.
1 1, carry out smoke-free family appraisal activities.
12. investigation or evaluation: at least once a year, the residents in the jurisdiction are investigated or evaluated for health knowledge, with statistical data and sample papers. The awareness rate of health knowledge is over 80%, and the formation rate of health behavior is over 70%.
(2) Health education in hospitals (community health service centers), that is, health education enters hospitals.
1, establish and improve the health education leading group headed by the director, led by health education functional departments, and based on various business departments and medical personnel. Set 1? Two relatively fixed health education professionals.
2, formulate the annual health education plan and organize its implementation, guide and coordinate the health education work in the hospital, and make a good record and summary. Collect, standardize and manage the archives of our hospital. Establish and improve the hospital health education system. (job responsibilities, operating procedures, work files, assessment, appraisal, rewards and punishments, etc.). ), and health education into the year-end inspection appraisal.
3, the implementation of health education funds, can provide patients with the necessary health service places and facilities, such as training room, consulting room or psychological clinic, closed-circuit television, etc.
Step 4 send it out. Please come in and give health education and training to medical staff, with training records and files.
5, outpatient and inpatient departments should set up a fixed health education bulletin board or window, reasonable distribution, regular replacement. Set up information stands in places with large traffic, regularly supplement health education publicity materials, register all kinds of health education information templates and distribute information. The health education column is not less than 3 square meters.
6. Standardize residents' health records and health education prescriptions.
7. In-depth development of community health services: family beds, planned immunization, marriage and childbearing, parents' schools, chronic disease monitoring, etc.
8. Actively participate in social health education: consult on various health publicity days, and undertake teaching tasks such as training courses and lectures organized by relevant units or departments, with records or photos.
9, in the hospital, in various forms of health education for patients and their relatives.
Waiting: window, gallery, TV, video, etc.
See a doctor: the doctor gives oral diagnosis and treatment to the patient and chooses to prescribe health education in a targeted way;
Hospitalization: integrate health education into systematic holistic nursing and provide patients with health care knowledge including physical, psychological, social and behavioral guidance. The inpatients have mastered relevant health knowledge, and the awareness rate is not less than 80% (according to the evaluation scheme).
10, hospital waiting places are actively carried out? Smoking is harmful to health? Publicity and education, no smoking signs are eye-catching, and tobacco control measures are feasible.
1 1. Carry out health education activities for special diseases and evaluate the effect.
(3) school health education, that is, health education into the school.
1. All primary schools in this district should incorporate health education into the teaching plan, and qualified teachers should undertake the teaching tasks (detailed class list). We should conscientiously implement the "Regulations on School Health Work" and the "School Health Education Evaluation Form". The starting rate of health education was 100%.
2, there is an annual health education work plan and summary.
3. Pay attention to cultivating students to develop good health behaviors. The textbooks (officially published) and teaching plans used in health education classes are standardized, and the class hours are arranged reasonably (once every two weeks, each class has key points and difficulties). Carefully organize the evaluation (at least once every academic year).
4. Through teaching and various forms of activities such as theme class meetings, knowledge contests and audio-visual education, students can master basic knowledge of health and disease prevention and form good health habits. The awareness rate of students' health knowledge and the formation rate of health behavior are not less than 80%.
5. Classroom lighting, tables and chairs meet the school hygiene standards. Check your eyesight regularly, at least once every academic year, have detailed information, insist on doing eye exercises, and have diagrams of eye exercises.
6. Are there any students? Six diseases? Preventive measures and files (dental caries, myopia, ascariasis, anemia, trachoma and malnutrition). /kloc-Ascaris infection rate of children under 0/4 years old? 3%。
7. Students' personal health behavior assessment project: According to the "School Health Education Evaluation Program (Trial)", the practical operation project of primary school health behavior was implemented to comprehensively evaluate school health education.
8. Students should read and write correctly, dress neatly, cut their nails frequently, and keep their hands and hair clean.
9. The campus is clean and tidy, well beautified and afforested, with no scraps of paper and no phlegm on the ground.
(four) industry health education, that is, health education into the unit.
1, each industry unit should have a health education organization network, with leaders in charge and full-time and part-time health education personnel.
2, health education work in a planned way, measures, records, assessment, summary. Employee health records and related documents are kept intact and managed in a standardized way. There are labor protection systems and measures.
3, combined with the characteristics of the industry, make full use of radio, closed-circuit television, special lectures, publicity windows and pre-job training and other forms, and regularly publicize the relevant health regulations for employees. Health knowledge and occupational health education, popularize knowledge of occupational health, disease prevention, nutrition and health, smoking is harmful to health and so on.
4. The awareness rate of workers' relevant health knowledge is not less than 80%.
5, actively carry out activities to create smoke-free units.
(5) farmers' health education, that is, health education into the village.
1, should continue to be seriously implemented? A nationwide health education campaign for 900 million farmers? Spirit. Establish and improve health education leading institutions and health education networks, and invest funds.
2. Clear basic information (number of villages, villages, families and population)
3, a health education activity room, and activity records.
4. Make full use of various publicity tools (such as village radio, blackboard newspaper, leaflets, etc.). )
5, health education work plan, system, summary and evaluation. The plan and summary shall be dated and stamped with the official seal.
Third, guarantee measures.
1. Raise awareness and strengthen leadership.
This year is a crucial year for our city to establish a provincial health city, and health education is an important part of the work to create a provincial health city. Therefore, leaders at all levels should attach great importance to and support health education, incorporate health education into the daily work of their own units and departments, implement tasks and responsibilities, and ensure that health education in the whole region is carried out in a down-to-earth and comprehensive manner.
2. Strengthen management and safeguard measures
Each unit should formulate its own implementation plan according to its own industry health education standards and tasks, and implement it separately from the aspects of people, finance and materials, with the focus on 20XX? In the management of 20XX software data, the data should be kept intact, and there should be no omissions in the file management specification.
Basic measures and schemes of community health education (3)
For the implementation of the municipal and district governments? Double creation and consolidation? According to the requirements of work objectives, national standards for sanitary cities and national standards for civilized cities, and combined with the actual situation of the community, this plan is formulated.
I. Work development:
(1) Preparatory stage
1. Adjust the leading group for health education, hold a meeting of the leading group, report the problems existing in the previous year, and clarify the work tasks, community responsibilities and work progress. Sign the responsibility book of health education objectives with all units in the jurisdiction.
2. Convene the units and community residents in the jurisdiction to participate in the training meeting, and briefly introduce the national sanitary city standard, national civilized city standard and Honghuagang District. Double creation and consolidation? Health education assessment scale for learning and reading.
3. Improve the leading institutions and working institutions, check and sort out the existing problems according to the target requirements, designate a person to be responsible, and formulate a feasible health education work plan. Work for the unit, community and industry. Contrast? Standard? Find out the existing problems and rectify them in time.
(2) Rectification stage (before March 25th)
1. Seriously follow the rectification plan formulated by the office and the community, carry out rectification actions in a down-to-earth manner, and improve the working materials in time.
2. Standardize the health education column, improve the taste of the city, and ensure that the materials of the health education publicity column are beautiful and durable, and the layout is beautiful and neat, with pictures and texts.
(3) Inspection stage (before March of 3 1 year)
According to the scoring table, the community earnestly carried out supervision and inspection, and rectified the problems found in the supervision.
(4) Leak detection and filling stage (before April 10)
The community will check for leaks and fill gaps according to the scoring table, and rectify and improve the archived materials.
(5) Welcome to the acceptance stage (1before October 30th, 10).
Make inspection preparation plan, and do a good job in inspection preparation (inspection by provincial, municipal and district Aiwei committees before April 30th, and inspection by National Aiwei Committee from July to June 10).
Second, the content of health education:
(a) in accordance with the requirements of "National Sanitary City Standard", "National Civilized City Standard" and "Health Education Assessment and Scoring Standard", earnestly carry out the work.
(2) Data collection: Work data since 20XX years are bound into a book by year.
(3) Data sequence: cover, catalogue, content of works, picture data and content are arranged in the order of "scoring table".
Third, the department responsibilities:
(1) The Health Education Section is responsible for organizing community health education and tobacco control, and formulating medium and long-term health (tobacco control) education plans and annual work plans. According to the requirements of national health city and civilized city. With "China citizens' health literacy? Basic knowledge and skills, around the healthy lifestyle of the whole people, to carry out various forms of health education activities, and constantly improve the health literacy of urban and rural residents. Regular supervision, inspection and evaluation of community health education. Organize the establishment, inspection and appraisal of smoke-free units.
(2) Community Health Education Leading Group: responsible for incorporating health education into health work objectives and strengthening the leadership of health education. To achieve a coordinated and efficient operation system and mechanism of health education and health promotion with departmental cooperation, social mobilization, mass participation and policy and funding guarantee, and to include health education and health promotion funds in the annual financial budget. Responsible for community health education and tobacco control.
Fourth, supervision and inspection:
The community health education group is responsible for checking and implementing the health education work in the place of residence, and improving the health education work and data collection.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) accountability system:
If the problems found in the inspection are not rectified in time, they will be notified and included in the annual assessment.