Normal blood pressure Normal blood pressure: ideal blood pressure: systolic blood pressure 5.72 mmol/L (220 mg/dl) 6. Diabetes 7. Family history of early-onset cardiovascular disease. Harm of hypertension Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease in China. If not treated properly, it will lead to serious damage to the main organs of the whole body, leading to cerebrovascular accidents, coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension, heart failure, renal insufficiency and other complications. In China, stroke is the most common complication, and the mortality rate is above 80%. Survivors often have sequelae such as hemiplegia and aphasia, poor self-care ability and poor quality of life, which has caused great burden to families and society. Symptoms of hypertension are often asymptomatic. Many patients will not feel uncomfortable even if their blood pressure is already quite high. Only a few people may have symptoms such as headache, dizziness, dizziness and memory loss, but these symptoms are not unique to hypertension. Experts remind people: 1. We should look for various opportunities (medical treatment in various departments, physical examination or at home) to measure blood pressure, so as to find hypertension in time. 2. The basis of hypertension treatment is blood pressure level, not the existence or severity of symptoms. ◆ What about hypertension? After getting high blood pressure, you must go to the hospital. Find out the cause of hypertension. 2. Check whether there is hyperlipidemia and diabetes; 3. Find out whether there is unintentional brain and kidney damage or related diseases; 4. Adhere to the correct lifestyle; 5. Take medicine regularly and lower blood pressure steadily; 6. Master the knowledge of prevention and treatment of hypertension, and consciously prevent and treat hypertension ◆ Precautions for patients taking medicine: 1. Blood pressure should not be too fast or too low, so as not to aggravate the insufficiency of blood supply to the heart and brain. If it is not an emergency, it should be gradually reduced within a few days, weeks or months. 2. Don't change medicine, add medicine or suddenly stop taking medicine. 3. Insist on taking medicine to keep blood pressure stable. 4. Avoid other factors (such as alcoholism, etc. ) and improve the curative effect. ◆ Routine laboratory examination index routine: urine routine; Blood sugar, blood cholesterol, blood potassium, blood creatinine; Electrocardiogram; Selection: low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG); Serum uric acid, plasma renin activity and aldosterone; Urinary catecholamine; Cardiac ultrasound, vascular ultrasound, renal ultrasound, arterial wall elasticity index. The lifestyle that hypertension patients should adhere to: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and maintaining psychological balance. Suitable things to do: running, playing ball, swimming, playing Tai Ji Chuan and other sports; Inappropriate things: playing mahjong, smoking, sleeping late, etc. Suitable food: fresh vegetables, freshwater fish, beef and mutton, etc. Not edible: animal offal, pickled products, etc. ◆ Hypertension blood pressure control target Control target: When the blood pressure is controlled below 140/90mmHg, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is the lowest; In patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes, the blood pressure should be controlled at a low level <130/85 mmhg; In patients with hypertensive renal insufficiency, the blood pressure should be controlled below125-130/75-80mmhg to delay the development of renal insufficiency. Blood pressure fluctuates greatly, which not only causes a series of symptoms of patients, but also easily induces cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies. Blood pressure instability can be manifested as high blood pressure in the morning, afternoon, evening or night, or high blood pressure fluctuation. The reasons are: ① failure to take medicine according to the law of blood pressure fluctuation; ② Use short-acting antihypertensive drugs. How to stabilize blood pressure: ① recommend long-acting antihypertensive drugs; ② Take medicine according to the law of blood pressure fluctuation: the first antihypertensive drug should be taken at 6-7 o'clock every day, and the second antihypertensive drug should be taken at 4-5 o'clock in the afternoon if it is moderate. ◆ What should I do if my blood pressure can't drop? What should I do if my blood pressure can't drop? If the blood pressure cannot be controlled below 140/90mmHg after using more than three antihypertensive drugs, there may be the following reasons: 1. Patients are still high in salt, overeating, smoking or taking some drugs; 2. The choice of antihypertensive drugs is unreasonable; 3. Some diseases that cause hypertension have not been diagnosed; 4. Renal damage of hypertension affects the treatment of hypertension; 5. Some are "white coat hypertension". You should find a doctor in time to analyze the reasons and deal with them accordingly. ◆ Prevent hypertension from childhood 1. Care for children's weight: At present, the proportion of obese children is getting higher and higher, which is a high-risk group of hypertension. Parents should pay attention to taking measures to control their children's weight, such as giving them less ham and fat, increasing exercise, burning calories and preventing obesity; 2. Develop the habit of eating less salt from an early age: parents should pay attention to adjusting their children's eating habits, increasing the variety of dishes, adding sweet and sour seasonings, eating less pickles, and cultivating children's habit of light taste; 3. Let children learn to relax themselves: nowadays, children have fierce competition in study, tight homework and heavy mental and physical burden, so that children can arrange their study and entertainment activities reasonably, relax and maintain a good mood; 4. Blood pressure test: For children with high blood pressure, parents should ask a doctor to measure their blood pressure at least twice a year to prevent bad habits in life and give early treatment if necessary. Necessity of Long-term Treatment of Hypertension Necessity of Long-term Treatment of Hypertension: The cause of essential hypertension is uncertain, and there is no cure for hypertension in the world. The treatment of hypertension is basically the right medicine. Therefore, even if blood pressure drops to normal, it does not mean recovery, but it needs lifelong treatment to control blood pressure and avoid serious complications such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Don't be fooled by some pseudoscience that advocates the eradication of hypertension, and take some unscientific treatment methods according to the doctor's advice, which will lead to the occurrence of stroke or myocardial infarction. ◆ Diet of patients with hypertension The relationship between hypertension and diet: ★ People who have heavy taste and eat more salt are prone to hypertension. If everyone eats 2 grams of salt every day, blood pressure will increase by 2.0/1.2 mmhg; ★ Eating more animal fat leads to obesity, and overweight people are prone to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension; Low potassium, low calcium and low animal protein have adverse effects on blood pressure; ★ Compared with non-drinkers, the risk of hypertension increases by 40% within four years. Dietary guidelines for hypertension: ▲ Reduce sodium intake, no more than 6 grams per day; ▲ control weight; ▲ Reduce fat and supplement protein appropriately; ▲ Appropriate supplementation of potassium and calcium; ▲ Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits; ▲ Limit drinking. Salt and hypertension: Low-salt diet is one of the basic treatment methods for patients with hypertension, which can improve the antihypertensive effect of antihypertensive drugs and reduce the dosage and possible side effects of antihypertensive drugs. For mild and early hypertension, simple salt restriction may restore blood pressure to normal. In daily life, we should not only pay attention to less salt in food, but also pay attention to invisible "salt": ◆ Control the intake of condiments such as soy sauce, tomato sauce, Chili sauce, mustard and curry; ◆ Control the intake of pickled food such as pickles, pickles and salted duck eggs; ◆ Control cooked food products such as sausage, lunch meat, sauce beef and roast chicken (not only containing salt, but also nitrite and monosodium glutamate); ◆ High sodium additive; ◆ Control frozen foods, canned foods, semi-finished products and fast food convenience foods, which often contain more salt and additives; Desserts, snacks and drinks are also high in sodium. Introduce the salt content of several foods: a spoonful of salt is 6 grams; 2.8 grams of a tablespoon of soy sauce; 2 grams of bean paste a tablespoon; Erliang mustard tuber11.3g; Two pieces of pickled radish 0.7 grams; Smoked dried bean curd 0.5g tomato sauce 0.6g spoonful; A preserved egg1g; 2 grams of salted duck eggs; A bag of instant noodles 5.4 grams; A ham sausage1g; Two cakes of oil, 0.8g; A piece of bread is 0.8 grams. Weight control: The body consumes more calories than the body consumes. Excessive heat is converted into fat in the body, which will cause obesity when accumulated in large quantities. Obesity criteria: body mass index (BMI) ≥25 is overweight, and ≥27 is obese. Body mass index = weight (kg)/ height (m) 2 How to control weight? The key to losing weight is to control calorie intake and increase exercise, so the following principles should be followed when choosing food: 1. Avoid foods high in fat and cholesterol: fat, animal offal, butter, etc. Pay attention to invisible fats, such as lean meat and milk. 2. Avoid eating too much sugar, drinks and desserts; 3. Pay attention to the calories of snacks. If you eat two handfuls of peanuts every day, you will gain 650 grams of fat a week; Eating two or two sunflower seeds is equivalent to eating four or two rice or 600 grams of noodles; 4. Pay attention to fast food: hamburgers, French fries, fried chicken, milkshakes and ice cream all contain amazing calories; 5. Eat more high-fiber foods, such as fruits, vegetables and coarse grains; 6. Change the cooking method, steam, stew, cook and mix more, and avoid eating greasy fried food. The calories per 100g of various foods: steamed bread and rice are120kcal; Fried dough sticks 370 calories; Peach crisp 500 calories; 600 calories for pork (fat and thin) and 330 calories for lean pork; Ham 520 calories; Vegetable oil 900 kcal; Chicken 120 kcal; Fish 100 kcal; Peanut 600 calories; Sunflower seeds 600 calories. If patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia suffer from hyperlipidemia at the same time, the risk of coronary heart disease will be greatly increased. The results show that when blood cholesterol exceeds 240 mg/dl, the risk of coronary heart disease will increase 6 times. Saturated fatty acids and cholesterol in food are the main reasons for the increase of blood lipids. Reduce the intake of total fat: when cooking, put less oil, eat less fried food, and pay attention to the hidden fat in meat, such as ribs. Reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids: such as animal fat, lard, full-fat dairy products, sausages, etc. Reduce cholesterol intake: such as egg yolk, animal viscera, fat meat, etc. How to choose food? ☆ Meat: lean meat, preferably chicken, fish and rabbit. Chicken should be peeled when eating, and it is best to cook it. The daily meat intake should be less than 2 Liang. ☆ Choose skim or low-fat dairy products for dairy products. ☆ Eat eggs less than twice a week. ☆ Reduce the intake of oil, even vegetable oil. The oil intake per person per month should be 1.5 kg, and animal fat should be avoided as far as possible. Snacks choose low-fat snacks, such as popcorn and fruit, and try to eat less sweets. Introduce the cholesterol content of several foods: egg yolk 250mg, pig liver 2368mg, pig fat 1 13mg, lean meat 75mg, pork tenderloin 2368mg, pig brain 3 100mg, silver carp 258mg, tofu 0mg, vegetables and fruits 0mg. Appropriately increase potassium and calcium foods rich in potassium: vegetables: spinach, amaranth, rape, lettuce, cauliflower, tomato and so on. Cereals: corn flour, millet, buckwheat, naked oats, oatmeal, etc. Beans: soybeans, red beans, mung beans, etc. Fruits: bananas, peaches, apricots, oranges, red fruits, red dates and so on. Bacteria and algae: kelp, seaweed, mushrooms, fungus, etc. Rootstock: potato, sweet potato, yam, etc. An effective way to supplement calcium: eat more foods rich in calcium, such as dairy products, beans, vegetables, kelp, shrimp and so on. A bag of milk a day can provide 1/3 of the daily calcium requirement. Drinking and hypertension ◆ Compared with hypertension, non-drinkers have a 40% increased risk of developing hypertension within 4 years. The calories of alcohol can provide 7 kilocalories per gram of alcohol, which is equivalent to 1.75 times of the energy provided by protein or carbohydrates. Excessive drinking will cause energy imbalance, lead to obesity, and also lead to the lack of protein, vitamin A, B 1, folic acid and trace element zinc. ◆ Restrict drinking, and the daily drinking amount shall not exceed the following standards: 270 ml of beer, 0/00 ml of red wine/kloc and 50 ml of white wine. Develop good eating habits ◆ Breakfast is three meals a day, accounting for 25-30% of the whole day's calories; Those who have a full lunch account for 40% of the whole day's calories; Dinner is light, accounting for 30-35% of the whole day's calories. Eat in a happy and peaceful environment, try to reduce eating out, eat more fruits and vegetables, pay attention to choose healthy, light and low-salt foods, and don't eat too much meat and high-fat foods.