original text
Mencius said, "Shun was born in ①, moved to ② and died in Mingtiao ③. He is also from Dongyi. King Wen was born in (AD 4) and died in Ying (AD 5). He is also a westerner. The difference between the ground and the ground is also more than a thousand miles; Later generations, I was over a thousand years old. Success ⑥ Going to China, if it is a symbolic festival ⑥. After the sage, it is also a trick. "
Explain the meaning of words
(1) Zhu Feng: a place name, which is said to be in the south of Heze, Shandong Province.
2 negative summer: "Historical Records? The Chronicle of the Five Emperors says that Shun is in the summer, about west of Ziyang, Shandong.
(3) note: quite unknown today, "Historical Records? The Chronicle of the Five Emperors says that Shun "hunted in the south and collapsed in the wild of Cangwu", so his land should be in the south.
④ Qixia, the birthplace of Zhou family, was where the father of the ancestor Gu moved, and it was not until the reign of King Wen that he moved to Yufeng. Qixia is today's Qishan, in the northeast of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province.
⑤ Bi Ying: Zhu's Notes says: "There is a tomb of King Wen nearby." Publishing house, historical records? Duke Zhou's family Lu said, "Although Duke Zhou is rich, he will go there one day. He said,' I will be buried for a week, so I can't leave and become a king.' "Zhu seems to be based on this, and it is inferred that it is near Xi, Shaanxi Province today.
6 Success: You should be your ambition. And this volume "success, the people by it; Go your own way when you are frustrated. Or, you can be virtuous. Shuowen: "Ambition means meaning. "
⑦ Ruohe Festival: Symbol and Festival is a kind of token in ancient times, which is divided into two parts, based on each side holding half, and the coincidence is correct to indicate identity or convey orders.
⑧ Zhu's Notes said: "Degree is also."
Pet-name ruby one: "Shuowen": "Only beginning, the Tao is one. Create a world and divide it into everything. " Used to point to Tao and also to point to virtue. The Classic of Virtue and Taoism: "The Tao gives birth to one, two, three and everything." One refers to the chaos originating from the invisible nameless road. Huai Nanzi: "One is the foundation of all things, and the invincible way is also."
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said, "Shun was born in Xia and died in Mingtiao. He is from the eastern border. Zhou Wenwang was born in qi zhou and died in Biyang. He is a native of the western frontier. The distance between the two places is more than 1000 miles, and the time difference is 1000 years. However, their thought of ruling by virtue can be implemented in China, which is as consistent as symbols and festivals. Whether it is the first saint or the last saint, the fundamental method they grasp is the same, which is the first way. "
Li Lou's Second Original Text and Interpretation
original text
Zi chan (1) listened to Zheng Guo's political ideas and used them to help the people of Qin (4).
Mencius said, "You don't know how to govern the country. 1 1 month 7 years old, stick into a bar,1February Liang into a beam, the people are not ill. A gentleman can balance his politics and be a king. How can everyone help? So for politicians, everyone enjoys it, and one day is not enough. "
Explain the meaning of words
(1): that is, the word is (also called). The nobles of Zheng were in power for more than 20 years in Hehe (565 BC-5 BC14) and carried out reforms. They were famous politicians at that time.
(2) Zheng Guo: the name of the vassal state that was sealed in the middle of the Zhou Dynasty. It was originally sealed by Zhou Xuanwang's younger brother. At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it moved eastward to Henan and was destroyed by North Korea in the first 375 years.
③ Ride: refers to the carriage in which Zi Chan rides.
④ Qin: the name of water, which originated in the northeast of Mi County, Henan Province, merged with Weishui in the southeast to form the Shuangbo River and flowed eastward.
⑤ Cong: the name of water, which originated in the east of Dengfeng, Henan Province, and flowed eastward to Mi County to join Qinshui.
⑥ Benefit but not rule: I only know small favors, but I don't know how to implement moral politics. According to reports, in Gong He's The Analects of Confucius, Confucius also used "Hui" to evaluate property. See.
⑦ November: Most of the months mentioned by Mencius are weekly calendars, so November is equivalent to September in the lunar calendar.
8 ACTS column (Jiang Jiang): "Shuowen": "column, the bar in front of the bed. Mencius plays a leverage role, and its extended meaning is also. " Duan Yucai's Notes on Explaining Characters in Shuowen said: "Those who are alone in wood are called" bars ". Therefore, the gangway is a simple wooden temporary bridge.
9 Liang Yusheng: Sun Xuan's "Mencius Justice" says: "Those who care about the beam will build a horizontal bridge." Zhu said in his Notes that "this beam will be completed in October of summer". When the farm work is finished, people's strength can be used, and sometimes the water will be cold. If there is a bridge, the people will not suffer from it, which is also one of the things of Wang Zheng. "
⑩ Moral cultivation: consistent cultivation, "taboo". In ancient times, senior officials traveled, and there was a special person to clear the way, so pedestrians were asked to avoid it.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Presided over Zheng's government affairs and used his own car to drive others to Qinshui and Weishui. Mencius said, "Zi chan only knows how to give benefits, but he doesn't know how to govern the country by virtue." If the temporary bridge for passers-by is built in 1 1 month, and the traffic bridge is built in1February, people will not be embarrassed to cross the river. A gentleman governs his own affairs with benevolence, and it doesn't matter if he goes out to make pedestrians avoid the road. How can he be satisfied by himself? Therefore, time is not enough for the people who govern the country to make everyone feel happy and satisfied. "
Li Lou II (III) Original Text and Interpretation
original text
Mencius said to Qi Xuanwang: "Your minister is like a hand and foot, like a belly, and your minister is like a dog and a horse, like a China person." If you treat your minister like dirt, then I regard you as a coward. "
The king said, "Li, why can you be so obedient because the old king has clothes?"
You say: admonish and listen, paste people; If there is a reason to go, lead people out of Xinjiang and walk in front of them; Go for three years, and then collect it in other places. It's called three rites. That's it. I'm convinced. I am also a minister today, so I can't remonstrate, but I can't help the people if I don't listen to you. If there is a reason to go, then you should fight for it, and its going is extremely important; On the day he left, he collected it in his field. This is called Coupe. What is the service? "
Explain the meaning of words
(1) China people: Zhu's Notes quoted Kong as saying: "People in China still talk about passers-by, and they have no complaints or virtues."
2 Mustard: "Shuowen": "Vegetable also." Ji Yun: "Grass."
(3) Having clothes is Pharaoh: clothes mean mourning. Zhao Zhuyun said, "I wear mourning clothes for the old king." "Yili? Mourning "says:" Those who have not lost their way to the monarch will serve Cui Zi in March. "
4 cream: that is grace.
⑤ Take it from the field: the field refers to Lutian and Juzhai. Zhu's Notes said: "Take it from the field after three years, and I still hope it will return."
Fight: Jude said he would search and arrest. Zhao said to him, "Hit his relatives."
⑦ Pole: Zhao: "Evil is also sleepy." Zhu's "Notes" said: "If you are extremely poor, you will be poor."
⑧ kou (chǒu): kou, robber. Kan, a variant of hatred.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius told Qi Xuanwang: "Jun treats princes like brothers and sisters, and princes treat you like confidants;" You treat me like a dog and a horse, and I treat you like a passerby; Monarchs regard princes as dust, and princes regard monarchs as robbers and enemies. "
Xuanwang said: "Etiquette stipulates that the Chinese army should mourn for the monarch who served in the past. What can the monarch do to make people mourn? "
Mencius said: "exhortation is accepted, advice is obeyed, and benevolence and kindness are given to the people;" To leave for some reason, the monarch sent someone to guide him out of the country and sent someone to the place where he was going in advance; After leaving for three years and not coming back, he took his land and house. It's called three rites. In this way, I will mourn for it. Nowadays, as a minister, advice is not accepted, advice is not listened to, and benevolence and righteousness cannot be spread to the people; When he wanted to leave for some reason, the monarch detained him and sent someone to embarrass him where he was going. On the day he left, he immediately took away his land and house. It's called the robber's enemy. What manners are there for robbers and enemies? What is there to mourn for? "
Li Lou (4) Original text and explanation
original text
Mencius said, "It is not guilty to kill a man, but the doctor can go;" If you are innocent and slaughter people, then you can move. "
Explain the meaning of words
1 scholar: one of the four great masters in ancient times, "Han Shu?" "Food Record": "Scholars, farmers, workers and businessmen have business; Learn to be a scholar. "Scholars are the lowest aristocratic class in Shang, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. In the Spring and Autumn Period, most scholars were servants of doctors, some lived by fields, and some lived by salaries. After the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, it gradually became a general term for intellectuals by the ruling class.
(2) Doctor: the ancient ruling class, under the monarch, had three levels: Qing, doctor and scholar, so it was called a general officer.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "if a scholar is executed without guilt, the doctor can stay;" If people are killed innocently, scholars can migrate. "When a monarch does more injustice, he betrays his relatives.
Li Lou (V) Original Text and Interpretation
original text
Mencius said, "You are heartless and righteous."
Explain the meaning of words
1. Jun is heartless, Jun is righteous: Jun is virtuous and virtuous, so under his education, the virtue of benevolence and righteousness is spread all over the world. Benevolence is the wood of the five elements and the liver of the five internal organs; Righteousness and virtue act as gold in the five elements and lungs in the five internal organs. If you are kind, you will tolerate others and love everything; Benevolence and morality, full of righteousness, distinguish right from wrong.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "You have benevolence and kindness. If you influence the world with kindness, there will be no unkind people; " If the monarch has the virtues of justice, integrity and integrity, there will be no unjust people in the country. "
Li Lou (6) the original and explanation.
original text
Mencius said: "indecent assault means injustice, and adults will do it."
Explain the meaning of words
(1) Etiquette is indecent, which means non-righteousness: propriety is the fire of the five elements and the heart of the five internal organs; Righteousness and virtue act as gold in the five elements and lungs in the five internal organs. With courtesy, you will have a bright heart, shine around and love others; With benevolence and morality, you will be full of righteousness, distinguish right from wrong, and be brave and fearless. Dirty people are like heartless people. Who wants to do it?
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "Rites that do not conform to the ethics of propriety, righteousness and morality are indecent, and indecent assault is also hidden;" Righteousness that does not conform to the moral norms of benevolence and righteousness is right and wrong, and injustice is harmful. People with moral cultivation will not do it. "
Li Lou (7) the original and explanation.
original text
Mencius said, "If you don't succeed in middle school, you can't cultivate talents, so it's fun to have a good father and a good brother." You can't give up halfway, you can't give up your talents, so you can't give up your talents. "
Explain the meaning of words
① Chinese: speaking: infield. Tao Te Ching: "It is better to be in the middle than to be poor in words." It is extended to a person who cultivates morality internally, adheres to the doctrine of the mean and is impartial, and can live in the center of Tai Chi. "
2 parenting: parenting and education. Zhu's "Collection of Notes" says: "Its meaning is cultivated, once it is self-made."
(3) You can't use an inch: it means that there is no space of one inch in the middle, and the distance between words is similar.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "Those who practice virtue internally but are successful can use their own virtue light to nurture and educate those who have no virtue but cannot be successful;" People with virtue and talent can use their virtue and ability to nurture and educate those without virtue and ability. Therefore, people like fathers and brothers who are virtuous and capable. There is virtue, not abandoning darkness, as bright as dust; Those who have virtue and ability will not abandon stupidity, turn stupidity into virtue and infatuation into awakening. The gap between good moral conduct and bad moral conduct can hardly accommodate an inch. "
Li Lou (8) the original and explanation.
original text
Mencius said, "People can do something for ①, and then they can do something for ②."
Explain the meaning of words
1 inaction: inaction. No thoughts and desires, no acquired desires and distractions.
2 Youwei: What you do in a state of selfish distractions.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "Only when people are in a state of innate inaction without thinking or desire can they do nothing."
Li Lou (9) the original and explanation.
original text
Mencius said, "What will happen if you say people are not good?" ? ! "
Explain the meaning of words
(1) Speak ill of others: People with moral cultivation should not criticize others, but blame themselves. Show people's strengths and protect people's weaknesses. To say that people are not good is to say that people are right or wrong, which is not in line with etiquette and morality.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "Some people always talk about other people's right and wrong, burying the consequences and causing hidden dangers. What should we do?" ! "
Li Lou (10) original text and explanation.
original text
Mencius said, "Zhong Ni is not a person who has reached this level.".
Explain the meaning of words
1 Always: too, too. Historical records? "Tian Leichuan Wang Jian": "The general has been very good at begging for goods."
2 What: Say: "Sweet leaves, delay to spoil." Point too far. Tao Te Ching: "It is the sage's desire to be great, and the great is great." It is also synonymous.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "saints are good at centering and balancing yin and yang without being excessive." Confucius won't do anything too much. "
Li Lou (1 1) original text and explanation.
original text
Mencius said, "You don't have to believe what adults say, and what you do doesn't have to bear fruit."
Explain the meaning of words
1. Don't believe what you say: you will do what you say, and you will do what you do. What ordinary people do. Where is righteousness, its letter must be true, and its words must be true, so it is not necessary to stick to secular letters.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "As a cultivated person, you don't have to stick to the so-called loyalty of the secular, and you don't have to stick to the so-called boldness of the secular. You can only lead your words and deeds with moral justice. Where is righteousness, its faith must be true and its words must be true. With moral guidance in his heart and self-denial, his behavior and courage are true. "
Li Lou (12) Original Text and Interpretation
original text
Mencius said, "An adult will never lose his childlike innocence."
Explain the meaning of words
① Naked baby: newborn baby. "book? Kang Patent: "If you protect children, only the people will be healthy. "Hey, stability. Confucius' Ying Da Shu: "A son is born red, so he is called a son. "The Classic of Virtue and Taoism": "The rich in virtue is better than the pure. "refers to a baby who has no thoughts and desires and is in a state of innate inaction.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "The so-called moral gentleman has a pure heart, no thoughts and desires, five virtues, honesty, inaction and ignorance, and has not lost his original innocent heart like a newborn baby."
Li Lou (XIII) Original Text and Interpretation
original text
Mencius said: "Life is not a big deal, but death can be a big deal."
Explain the meaning of words
(1) health: health, "Shuo Wen" "Go inside, like vegetation unearthed." "Su Wen?" "Tianyuan Ji": "The application of qi is born. "Cultivate their own sex and life systems, and accept the creation of heaven and earth. Health care here has two meanings: one is to support oneself, and the other is to support parents.
(2) Death: Send, Shuo Wen: "Send." It is extended to the death of parting, as the Heart Sutra says: "Death without old age, death without old age."
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "It's not a big deal to cultivate one's morality, protect one's health and love one's treasure, and support one's parents. It's a big deal to avoid death."
Li Lou (14th) Original Text and Interpretation
original text
Mencius said, "A gentleman wants to be complacent when he learns Tao. Self-satisfaction means security, security means security, and security means deep resources. If you have a deep endowment, you will have both ends. Therefore, the gentleman wants to be complacent. "
Explain the meaning of words
(1) further study: enter a deeper level of cultivation. In Zhu's Notes, it is said: "Learning to be excellent is an official."
2 information: "Shuo Wen": "Goods also. Goods, too. So is capital, and so is product. Capital is borrowed by people. " Extend to take. Tao Te Ching said: "A good man is a teacher who is not good at others; Not good at being human, the capital of good people. " The word "capital" has the same meaning
3 original: same as "source". Shuowen: "The water spring was originally."
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "A gentleman deeply cultivates morality and enters a profound realm, hoping to grasp the natural avenue, study its origin and prove its mystery. If you do this, your heart will be calm and your heart will be pure and not chaotic. If the heart is in the middle, and Xiu De can do good in natural inaction, then the merits are far-reaching. With such merits and disposition, you can reveal and hide Yin and Yang well. Therefore, Mr. Wang hopes to personally grasp the natural avenue, study the origin of the avenue and prove the mystery of the avenue. "
Li Lou's original text and explanation (15)
original text
Mencius said, "If you are knowledgeable and elaborate on ①, you will argue against ②."
Explain the meaning of words
(1) Say in detail: Say, Shuowen: Explain. Tell me about it. " Zhu's instructions are "explain the reasons in detail", while Zhao's notes are "seeing the big ones with small ones".
2 Say about: about, "Shuo Wen": "Shu Ye." Extended to frugality. Zhu talked about "the place to talk about the contract", and Zhao noted that "what to talk about is important, but you can't say it if you don't know what it means."
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "being knowledgeable and reasoning in detail is not the highest realm of knowledge and wisdom." True learning is simple and ordinary, and true wisdom is natural and plain, so we must know how to return to inaction. "
Li Lou (16) Original Text and Interpretation
original text
Mencius said: "no one can convince others with kindness;" Cultivate people with kindness, and then you can serve the world. The world is not convinced, and the king is not there. "
Explain the meaning of words
(1) Obey people with virtue: force people to submit with kindness and virtue.
(2) Educating people with kindness: Nature educates people with morality, and goodness and love are born in heaven and earth.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "it is impossible to convince others by forcing people to yield with kindness;" Only by nurturing and nourishing others with kindness can we surrender the whole world. Implementing moral education and returning the world to the heart can not make the world completely convinced, but can achieve benevolence and morality. "
Li Lou (XVII) Original Text and Interpretation
original text
Mencius said, "It is not true and ominous. The ominous reason should be taken by the saints. "
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "Words have no innate virtue, and it is unlucky to speak well and be divorced from reality. The so-called essence that lacks moral connotation and the reality that deviates from moral direction are actually flashy things. The common consequence is that virtue is blinded and buried. "
Li Lou (18) Original Text and Interpretation
original text
Xu Zi said: "Zhong Ni longed to be called water, and that day:' water, water!'" "How to get it from the water?"
Mencius said, "There were originally four gangsters in spring, five of whom never abandoned day and night, and seven of them were all over the world. If you have this, you can take it. If there is no foundation, it will rain in July and August, and the ditch will be full, and it will still stand dry. Therefore, it is shameful for a gentleman to smell it and be sentimental. "
Explain the meaning of words
① Xu Zi: Xu Bi, a disciple of Mencius mentioned in On Teng Wengong.
(2) anxiety: count.
(3) Water, water: This sentence is quite similar to the praise of "goodness as water" in the Classic of Virtue and Taoism.
4 original: "Shuo Wen": "Water springs are also."
5 gangsters: "Shuo Wen": "Miscellaneous, rich and flowing." A complete stream.
⑥ Section: Turn on and off. Pit. Xuan Jing: "From water to home, you can't cross it yourself." And Zhu were all trained as "Kan", that is, depression. Zhu's Notes said: "This is step by step."
7 release: Zhao: ". As for the four seas, there are roots. "
Between July and August: July and August in the weekly calendar is equivalent to May and June in the lunar calendar.
Pet-name ruby: "erya? Drain water: "Fill the ditch and say" Yue ". Zhu's Notes said: "Tianshuidao is also."
Attending news: Zhu's Notes says: "Reputation is also."
⑾ Emotion: Zhao notes that "reality" is reality.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Xu Zi said: "Confucius praised water many times and said,' Water, water!'" "What is the virtue of water?"
Mencius said: "The water flowing from the source rolls forward day and night, full of low-lying land, and continues to move forward until it rushes to the ocean. This is the case with things with sources. The source is running water with a long history. This is the virtue of water taken by Confucius. If there is no source, although the ditches are full for a long time in July and August, their dryness is waiting for us. Therefore, the same is true of false names. Fame is beyond reality, and a gentleman is ashamed. "
Li Lou (XIX) Original Text and Interpretation
original text
Mencius said: "The reason why people are different from animals is that they want (1). Shu Ren goes there and the gentleman keeps it." . Shun ming is superior to vulgar things and has a good view of human relations. Do it with righteousness, not with righteousness. "
Explain the meaning of words
(1) Several wishes: Zhao: "Very few."
Shu Ren went there, and the gentleman kept it: Shu Ren, the people. This sentence is similar to "On Virtue": "When a staff sergeant hears the Tao, purple is feasible; The sergeant heard that living is death; Corporal listened to, laughed "quite similar. "Ordinary people" and "gentlemen" have different orientations towards benevolence, righteousness and morality.
3 Ordinary things: everything. "Is it easy? Dry: "The first ordinary thing, Xianning, the world." Zhang Heng's "Tokyo Fu": "Yin and Yang are in harmony, and worldly things are nurtured."
④ Interpersonal relationship: interpersonal relationship maintained by morality.
⑤ Non-righteousness: Zhao: "Non-strong righteousness."
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said: "The reason why people are different from animals is actually very subtle. It's benevolence and righteousness. The difference is that ordinary people throw it away and the gentleman keeps it. Shun has virtue. The light of his inner virtue shines on everything and has insight into interpersonal relationships. Therefore, he did nothing but sacrifice himself, and naturally acted according to benevolence and righteousness, instead of forcing benevolence and righteousness. "
Li Lou's Part II (Part 20) Original Text and Interpretation
original text
Mencius said, "I hate wine ①, ② I like words ③. Soup is in the middle, sage is not good. King Wen treats others like a wound, looking at the road but not seeing it. King Wu didn't let you go or forget the distance. Duke of Zhou is also three kings and has four things to do. 9. If there are differences, he will think day and night. Fortunately, he will sit and wait. "
Explain the meaning of words
1 evil wine: wine, wine. "Poetry? Xiaoya? " "the first month": "he has the purpose of good food and wine. Wei Ce II, the Warring States Policy, said: "In the past, the emperor and daughter ordered the righteous emperor to make wine beautiful, enter the season, drink it, and want to drink it, so Rao Yidi did not make wine, saying:' There will be people who will perish the country with wine in the future.' There is a saying in Taoism and Buddhism that abstinence from alcohol is also a fear and confusion of alcohol, which makes people lost in Taoism and Buddhism.
(2) and: and, read like this, ancient Chinese characters are universal.
3 good words: the book says: "Yu Chongchang."
There is no way to establish a saint: Zhao said, "Only a saint can be established quickly, no matter where it comes from." Zhu Yue said, "Only the wise are in their place, but they are different." Jiao Xun's "Theory of Justice" said: "Only those who are virtuous stand, but those who are impermanent."
⑤ treating people as injuries: Zhu Zhu noted: "People are safe, treating people as injuries."
⑥ Looking at the Tao but not seeing it: Zhu's Notes said, "The Tao has arrived, but looking at it is still missing."
⑦ Venting: Zhao notes "near", which means close.
8 Three Kings: Zhao: "The king of three generations." Zhu's Notes: "yeyu, Tang Ye,,"
Pet-name ruby four things: refers to the behavior of the above four kings.
Interpretation of Confucian classics
Mencius said, "I hate wine and like good words. In his soup, he insisted on the middle way, and used sages to only look at people's virtue, not sticking to one pattern. Zhou Wenwang treated these people as if they had been hurt. He is looking forward to joining the avenue and devoting himself to it. Tao is just around the corner, but he is still as diligent as if he didn't see it. Zhou Wuwang will not despise those close to him, nor will he forget those far away. Duke Zhou wanted to cultivate the virtues of Xia, Shang and Zhou emperors, and he inherited the merits of Tang, Wen and Wu. If there is something immoral, look up and think day and night; Fortunately, I was suddenly enlightened and forgot my way. I have already ushered in the sunrise unconsciously. "