Xiang Xiu (about 227-272) was born in Huaixian County (now Wuzhi County, Henan Province). Wei and Jin writers, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest. Learn elegance, make friends with Ji Kang, Lu An and others, and live in seclusion. In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), after Ji Kang and Liu An were killed by Si Mazhao, Xiang Xiu went to Luoyang County and was received by Si Mazhao. Later, he went to Huangmen as an agreement and rode a regular waiter. He died in the eighth year of Taishi (272).
Xiang embroidery likes to talk about the knowledge of Zhuangzi and Zhuangzi. He once commented on "Zhuangzi" and praised it as "a wonderful and mysterious body (Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature)". He died before the annotation was finished, and Guo Xiangcheng finished the annotation of Zhuangzi. There are other works, Lao Fu's Thinking and Difficult Uncle's Night Health Theory.
Chinese name: Xiang Xiu.
Alias: word clause point
Nationality: Cao Wei → Western Jin Dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Birthplace: Huai County, Hanoi (now Wuzhi, Henan)
Date of birth: about 227 AD.
Date of death: AD 272.
Occupation: philosopher, writer
Main achievements: promoting the prevalence of metaphysics.
Representative works: Lao Fu's Thinking and Difficult Uncle's Night Health Theory.
Identity: One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest
Official position: assistant minister of Huangmen, constant attendant of Sanda.
The life of the character
Early experience
When Xiang embroidery was a teenager, it was famous for its beautiful articles. Later, he learned a lot from studying Zhuangzi, which Dan Tao knew when he was giving a lecture in the village. Dan Tao listened to Xiang embroidery's lofty and profound insights, just like "the dust has gone out, I can't see ghosts", so they became friends.
Zhulin journey
Under the guidance of Dan Tao, I got to know Ji Kang and Ruan Ji, both of whom are "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Xiang embroidery likes reading, making friends with Ji Kang, Lu An and others, but is not good at drinking. Ji Kang's "sex is skillful and easy to forge", so we can often see two people entertaining themselves while the iron is hot under the willow tree in front of Ji Kang's house. Ji Kang's hammer, Xiang embroidery's punch. They cooperate tacitly and enjoy each other, but at the same time, they subsidize a little household to "support themselves". Xiang embroidery often went to Lu Anjia to help him manage the vegetable garden, and the three of them were congenial.
A friend was killed
When Xiang embroidery helped Ji Kang strike the iron, he witnessed that Zhong would be ridiculed by Ji Kang. This incident became the source of Ji Kang's beheading. Xiang embroidery witnessed everything that happened later and influenced his later life. In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), after Ji Kang and Lu An were killed by Si Mazhao, Xiang Xiu realized Tao in melancholy and confusion, realized Tao in anguish and hesitation, became more indifferent and quiet, and expounded the spirit of Zhuangzi Thought with his heart.
After Ji Kang and Lu An were killed, Xiang Embroidery went all the way west, passing through the former residence. At dusk, she heard the loud and sad flute of her neighbors, remembered the mutual affection of playing together in the past, missed the unrestrained talents of Ji Kang and Lu An, and wrote the famous poem "Nostalgia".
old age
After Ji Kang was killed, Xiang Embroidery, under the pressure of power, went to Luoyang at the invitation of counties and was received by Si Mazhao. Si Mazhao asked Xiang embroidery, "I heard that you used to live in seclusion, but why did you come to see me today?" Xiu said, "Xiang and others don't understand Emperor Yao's thirst for talents, so his seclusion is not enviable." Later, Xiang Xiu became the official servant of the Yellow Gate, and became good friends with Ren Kai and others.
In the eighth year of Taishi (272), Xiang Xiu died.
"Biography of Xiang Xiu in the Book of Jin" records: "Xiu You _ Ji Xian, Xiao Xie died at the age of 30, without a note. Only good Zhuangzi, talk about what Cui wrote, in case you forget the clouds. " Xiang embroidery likes to talk about the knowledge of Zhuangzi and Zhuangzi. Although the book Zhuangzi was circulated at that time, the old note in the past was "Don't investigate its purpose", and the book Zhuangzi was once noted. When Xiang Xiu began to annotate Zhuangzi, Ji Kang said that the metaphysical meaning in Zhuangzi would be frozen by annotation, and there was no good annotation before. It's better not to annotate. When Xiang embroidery showed Ji Kang the manuscript, Ji Kang realized that the notes made Hyunri in Zhuangzi more wonderful, so he was deeply impressed by the talent of Xiang embroidery. Xiang Xiu died before the annotation was completed, while Guo Xiang inherited the rest of Zhuangzi and wrote 33 annotations of Zhuangzi, which had a far-reaching influence on metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Major achievements
politics
Xiang embroidery had a weak official career in its early years, and had the ambition to live in seclusion. After Ji Kang was killed by Si Mazhao, in order to avoid disaster, he had to obey the intimidation of the imperial court and pull him out to be an official. He has served as assistant minister of Huangmen and a regular servant of Sanshou, but he chose to do nothing and be an official passively.
works
Xiang Xiu made an in-depth study of Zhuangzi, a philosophical work in the Warring States Period, and once annotated Zhuangzi, which created a new idea of metaphysical annotation of Zhuang. He was praised as "wonderful analysis of strange things, flourishing metaphysical wind" (Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature) and "readers were detached and self-sufficient for a while" (Biography of Jin Shu Xiang Xiu) and became Guo. Lv An sighed after reading it, saying that "Zhuang Zhou is not dead". Xiang Xiu also wrote the annotation of Zhouyi, which is said to be "meaningful", but "Zhuang peerless", and both annotations are lost today. There is also an article "Difficult Uncle Ji was born at night", which was included in "San Ji in Jizhong"; There is an article "homesickness" in the Selected Works and the Book of Jin.
In On Nanji Uncle's Night Health Care, in order to inspire Ji Kang to further elaborate his health care thoughts, Xiang Xiu affirmed that "thinking with five flavors and thinking with five colors" is "the principle of nature" and "the love between heaven and earth", and advocated "openness and naturalness, non-externalization", "propriety" and "Confucianism and Taoism" through the mutual learning of Confucianism and Taoism reflected in Xiang Xiu's annotations.
"Nostalgia Fu" was written by Xiang Embroidery when she passed by her former residence at dusk and heard the loud and sad flute of her neighbors, thinking of her friends Ji Kang and Lu An. Xiang embroidery takes "wilderness depression", "old residence" and "empty house" as the scenery, which embodies the sadness that things are different; Through the poet's reflection on the old poems "Mi Li" and "Mai Xiu", and the allusions of Lisi's imprisonment, the injustice and misfortune brought about by the change of dynasties are vaguely hinted. Looking back, I have a lingering fear, and my regrets are beyond words. However, due to the sinister political environment at that time, it was inconvenient to speak freely, and there was an endless feeling.
Philosophical thinking
Philosophical point of view: Xiang Xiu demonstrated the process of "not being born and not being transformed" with "biochemical essence", and he also developed Hyunri in the aspects of "nothing to be happy about" and "ups and downs with changes", which involved some social and political realities. Xie Lingyun of the Eastern Jin Dynasty commented on "On Differentiating Clans": "There was a Confucian and Taoist school in the past (Volume 18 of Hong Guangming Ji), and the introduction of" Talking about the New Yu Yan "said:" (Revise) the "On Confucianism and Taoism", abandon it and not record it, and good people may save it. " Xiang Xiu has always cherished the academic ideal of integrating Confucianism and Taoism, and the new meaning of "self-development" in Zhuangzi's Notes also serves this purpose.
Notes on Xiaoyao Tour: The description of Dapeng and birds in Xiaoyao Tour by Xiang Embroidery in Zhuangzi has surpassed the previous understanding. In these two contrasting images, he found the essential equality: freedom is the best state of life and freedom is the natural satisfaction. If you satisfy your nature, then freedom itself is no different, just like sleeping in a golden bed or a wooden bed. From this point of view, as long as you are satisfied with your own nature, there is no difference between small people and big people, even saints and mortals. According to the "Xiangzi period" and "Xiaoyao righteousness" in Liu Xiao's annotation in Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature, Xiang embroidery believes that the ideal "Xiaoyao" realm exists in the realistic secular society and is not obtained by the external domination of "ontology". The key lies in their respective nature and their respective shares. "Sex" and "separation" belong to the inherent "natural law" of human beings. According to the concept of "lust and nature" advocated in Difficult to Keep Healthy, as long as the requirements of human nature are met, both Dapeng and Wanzhong can rest assured. Mortals are willing to wait, and saints are not absolute hermits, but they can adapt to any material environment by waiting for things, but actually stay with things. In this way, leisure only needs to be self-sufficient, and each has its own place, so that mortals and the "supreme person" can be "similar." The philosophical basis of this freedom is still the ontological thought of "everything is self-generating", and its recognition of secular renown has also become the ideal personality of the literati in the temple and mountains after Guo Xiang's development.
Anecdotal allusions
Shi Shuo Xin Yu records that after the death of Xiang embroidery, his son was still young and his father's notes were not published. Xiang Xiu's manuscript was stolen by Guo Xiang. He made up Qiu Shui and Zhi Le, and changed the annotation of horseshoe. The rest of the articles were just slightly sorted out and became popular in his own name. For thousands of years, when people talked about the annotations of Zhuangzi, they all regarded Guo Xiang as everyone, ignoring the outstanding achievements of Xiang embroidery.
history
1, Revision and Biography of the Book of Jin
See: Book of Jin.
2. Speaking in Newspeak.
See: Shi Shuo Xin Yu
3. Shi Shuo Xin Yu literature
See: Shi Shuo Xin Yu
4. Shishuo Ren Xinyu Dan
See: "World Talk"
5. Speak the new language and cut the Olympics
See: Jane O.
Review of later generations
Xiang Embroidery is listed as one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". The new meaning of freedom and the viewpoint of compatibility between Confucianism and Taoism given by Xiang Embroidery in Zhuangzi's Notes can not erase the unique brilliance of Xiang Embroidery after thousands of years.
Xiang embroidery's pursuit of individual freedom and the maintenance of social system are the dual cultural characters of the gentry. However, the psychological persecution caused by the contradiction between them made the spiritual world of Wei and Jin scholars full of anxiety, confusion and loss. The new meaning of "carefree" in Xiang embroidery has given a generation of literati an unprecedented sense of liberation, and "all readers are detached". Zhuangzi came to the world from the mountains, and was also called "San Xuan" with Zhouyi and Laozi, which became an important classic in the study of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
The philosophical thought of Xiang embroidery's self-creation and self-transformation has been systematically improved by Guo Xiang, and its superiority of accepting Confucianism and Taoism has been widely recognized and accepted by scholars. As a result, "the traces of Confucianism and Mohism are despised, and the words of Taoism are prosperous" (Biography of Hunan Embroidery in the Book of Jin). This is not to say that Confucianism has been abandoned, but to emphasize that Taoism has gained great vitality through the transformation of Zhuangzi's Note, which can be more harmoniously compatible with Confucianism, thus contributing to the revival of Yuankang metaphysics represented by Guo Xiang.
According to the legend in the Book of Jin, Zhuangzi Annotation of Xiang embroidery can be used to solve puzzles, thus "arousing the mysterious wind"; Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature thinks that it is "a wonderful analysis of wonders, a great Feng Xuan", and quotes the praise of "On the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest": "Show means meaning, and readers are detached. If you see a ghost out of the dust, you can start to see the audio-visual table, and you can forget everything outside the world, although it will be favored by the actors. " Everyone is disappointed and has their own feelings. "It is said that the beauty of Xiang embroidery" Zhuangzi Note "is actually inseparable from the word" innovation ",from which we can realize that" Zhuang Zhou "is different from the old note. This should include Xiang Xiu's transcendence of the "non-book" metaphysics in Zhengshi, and the key to really attracting scholars to "read beyond" lies in the fact that "New Interpretation of Hyunri" has evacuated the essence of "biochemistry". Xiang Xiu's "Free New Meaning" and his "Notes on Zhuangzi" did not dissipate with the wind of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, but as authoritative works to explain "Zhuangzi", they have influenced so far, providing a spiritual transcendence for scholars facing survival difficulties in past dynasties, coquettish for more than 1700 years. The mystery may be that they first discussed "freedom" from the perspective of the relationship between "freedom and necessity". It doesn't matter whether its interpretation conforms to Zhuangzi's original intention. After the death of thinkers, their philosophical problems have become an unreachable horizon.