Forest health care base refers to a health care complex with high-quality forest, wetland resources and ecological environment, which combines local health care resources to carry out leisure, fitness, health care, pension, recuperation, cognition and experience, and can provide environmental space, supporting facilities and corresponding service system to promote people's physical and mental health.
N land use problems involved in forest health care base
At present, the state actively supports and guarantees the supply of land for projects such as returning farmland to forests through various channels. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism and other departments 17 issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism, which clearly pointed out that it supports the development of forest tourism and leisure tourism in combination with rural mountain resources and forest resources, and clearly stipulated in the "Strengthening Land Security" that all localities should incorporate the construction land of rural tourism projects into the overall arrangement of national spatial planning and annual utilization plan. On the premise of meeting the requirements of ecological environment protection and related planning, we will encourage the revitalization of rural idle construction land resources, link the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land, optimize the structure and layout of construction land, and promote the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism. On the premise of fully protecting the usufructuary right of farmers' homestead, explore rural collective economic organizations to revitalize the use of idle homestead and farm houses by means of leasing, shareholding and cooperation, and transform and build service reception and activity places such as forest rehabilitation according to planning requirements and land use standards. Article 63 of the Land Management Law stipulates that collectively-operated construction land designated as industrial, commercial and other operating land in the overall land use planning and urban and rural planning and registered according to law may be handed over to units or individuals for use by means of transfer or lease. The new Land Management Law, which was implemented in 2020, stipulates that under the premise of conforming to the planning and use control, rural collectively-operated construction land will be allowed to enter the market, so that rural collectively-operated construction land will enter the urban-rural unified construction land market with the same rights and responsibilities as state-owned construction land, further promoting the demand for construction land and supporting industries such as returning farmland to forests.
The Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Encouraging and Supporting Social Capital to Participate in Ecological Protection and Restoration issued by 200211stipulates that those ecological protection and restoration subjects whose ecological restoration has reached a certain scale and expected goal are allowed to obtain a certain share of the right to use natural resources assets according to the law, and those who do not exceed 3% of the restoration area can engage in tourism, recreation and restoration. At the same time, under the condition that the quantity of cultivated land and permanent basic farmland is not reduced and the quality is improved, spatial transformation and position adjustment are allowed. New cultivated land can also be used for the balance of occupation and compensation, and the remaining construction land can also be used for the increase or decrease.
For the project of returning farmland to forest that really needs to use forest land, the examination and approval procedures for the use of forest land shall be handled in accordance with the Forest Law and its implementing regulations, the Measures for the Administration of Examination and Approval of the Use of Forest Land for Construction Projects and other relevant provisions. Encourage the project of returning farmland to forests to make use of existing construction land and idle land construction related supporting service facilities in forest areas, forest farms and villages.
According to Article 36 of the newly revised Forest Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the state protects forest land, strictly controls the conversion of forest land into non-forest land, controls the total amount of forest land occupied, and ensures that the number of forest land does not decrease. The occupation of forest land by various construction projects shall not exceed the total control index of forest land occupied by this administrative region. Article 37: Mineral exploration, mining and other kinds of engineering construction shall not occupy or occupy less forest land; If it is really necessary to occupy forest land, it shall be examined and approved by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level, and the formalities for examination and approval of construction land shall be handled according to law.
The Outline of the National Forest Land Protection and Utilization Plan stipulates that the conversion of forest land into construction land is strictly restricted. Woodland must be used for forestry development and ecological construction, and shall not be changed without authorization; Exploration and exploitation of mineral deposits and various construction projects shall not occupy or occupy less forest land. If forest land must be occupied or requisitioned, examination and approval procedures shall be handled according to law. The state compiles or revises the total amount of forestland requisitioned and occupied once every five years, and decomposes the total amount index into provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) on an annual basis. Article 14 of the Measures for the Administration of the Quota of Occupation and Expropriation of Forest Land stipulates that the total quota shall be controlled for 5 years, allowing inter-annual adjustment. The annual quota savings can be carried forward with the approval of the competent forestry authorities in the State Council; If the annual quota is insufficient, it is allowed to use the next annual quota in advance. The number of quotas used in advance shall not exceed 20% of this year's quota. Among them, 10% shall be examined and approved by the provincial forestry authorities and reported to the forestry authorities in the State Council for the record; 10% above, reported to the competent forestry authorities in the State Council for approval. The quota carried forward or used in advance shall be increased or decreased by the competent forestry authorities in the State Council in the next year's quota.
The quota of forest land occupied by construction land will be based on the requirements of controlling the total amount of forest land occupied and the total amount of forest land occupied by various construction projects, combining quantitative calculation with qualitative analysis, combining policy orientation with overall demand, and combining scientific calculation with data support. According to the national economic and social development planning, land space planning, forestry long-term development planning, forest protection and utilization planning, combined with the actual situation of forest land utilization. By analyzing the annual quota of forest land use and the historical and expected data of society, economy, land management and forest land use in this area, a mathematical model is established by using modern mathematical methods, and the demand and supply of forest land are scientifically predicted by combining qualitative analysis, so as to determine the recommended index of forest land quota occupation. Based on the calculation of forest land supply and demand, combined with the situation of forest land resources in this area, the audit of forest land use in recent years and the level of forest land utilization, the recommended index of forest land occupation quota in this area is reasonably determined by overall consideration and comprehensive balance, and the forest land quota plan for construction projects is formed.
Article 3 of the Administrative Measures for the Examination and Approval of the Use of Forest Land for Construction Projects: Construction projects should not occupy or occupy less forest land, and if forest land must be used, it should conform to the forest land protection and utilization plan and make rational, economical and intensive use of forest land. The use of forest land for construction projects shall be subject to total control and quota management. Construction projects restrict the use of forest land in ecologically important and fragile areas, restrict the use of natural forests and forest land with high volume per unit area, and restrict the use of forest land in commercial construction projects. Article 4 Construction projects occupying or temporarily occupying forest land shall abide by the provisions on classified management of forest land: (1) All types of construction projects shall not use first-class protected forest land. (two) the construction projects approved by the State Council, the infrastructure, public utilities and people's livelihood construction projects approved by the relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people's government and its relevant departments, can use the secondary and below protected forest land. (three) national defense and diplomatic construction projects, you can use two or less protected forest land. (four) counties (cities, districts) and districts of the city, autonomous prefecture people's government and its relevant departments approved infrastructure, public utilities, people's livelihood construction projects, you can use grade II and below to protect forest land. (five) strategic emerging industrial projects, exploration projects, large and medium-sized mines and eco-tourism development projects that meet the relevant tourism planning can use secondary and below protected forest land. Other industrial, mining, warehousing construction projects and business projects that meet the planning can use three or less protected forest land. (six) construction projects in line with urban planning and construction projects in line with rural planning can use secondary and below protected forest land. (seven) other construction projects that meet the planning of nature reserves, forest parks, wetland parks and scenic spots, and can use the secondary and below protected forest land within the scope of nature reserves, forest parks, wetland parks and scenic spots. (8) The use of forest land in quarrying (sand) fields and borrow fields supporting linear projects such as highways, railways, communications, electric power, oil and gas pipelines and construction projects such as water conservancy, hydropower and waterway engineering shall be implemented according to the scope of forest land used in the main construction projects, but secondary protected forest land shall not be used. Among them, in the state-owned key forest areas identified in the State Council, the forest land in the protected forest land above Grade III shall not be used. (nine) other construction projects other than the above-mentioned construction projects can use four-level protected forest land. Construction projects other than the second, third and seventh items of the first paragraph of this article shall use forest land, and shall not use the forest land of the national first-class public welfare forest. If the State Forestry Administration has other provisions on the use of forest land for specific construction projects according to special circumstances, such provisions shall prevail.
Table: Forest Land Protection Grades and Protection Management Measures
For example, the construction of temporary buildings, temporary land occupation shall not exceed two years, and permanent buildings shall not be built. The legal provisions involved are as follows: Article 17 of the Regulations on the Implementation of Forest Law: If it is necessary to temporarily occupy forest land, it shall be approved by the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level. The period of temporary occupation of forest land shall not exceed two years, and permanent buildings shall not be built on the temporarily occupied forest land; After the expiration of the occupation period, the land unit must restore the forestry production conditions. Article 43 of the Regulations on the Implementation of Forest Law: If the use of forest land is changed without the approval of the competent forestry authorities of the people's governments at or above the county level, the competent forestry authorities of the people's governments at or above the county level shall order it to be restored to its original state within a time limit, and impose a fine on 30 yuan for illegally changing the forest land area per square meter 10 yuan. Temporary occupation of forest land, overdue return, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
For example, building people's houses belongs to changing the use of forest land and must go through formal audit procedures. The legal provisions involved are as follows: Article 18 of the Forest Law of People's Republic of China (PRC): Exploration and exploitation of mineral deposits and various construction projects shall not occupy or occupy less forest land; Need to occupy and requisition forest land, with the approval of the competent forestry department of the people's government at or above the county level, go through the formalities for examination and approval of construction land in accordance with land management laws and administrative regulations, and the land-using unit shall pay the forest vegetation restoration fee in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council.
Main construction contents of n forest health base
On June 5, 2020, the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau, the General Office of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the National Health and Wellness Commission and state administration of traditional chinese medicine jointly announced the list of the first batch of national forest returning farmland bases, among which the construction of national forest returning farmland bases should have the following infrastructure:
(1) Forest trails, leisure and sightseeing platforms, etc.
(2) TCM health facilities, such as TCM health places, meditation, hot spring medicated bath, medicated diet, rehabilitation physical therapy places, etc. ;
(3) Natural education experience facilities, such as popular science venues and natural experience places, have forest explanation signs and guiding facilities;
(4) Sports experience facilities, such as sports, fitness, mountaineering, forest marathon, rock climbing, zip line, skydiving, bungee jumping, rafting, skiing, ice and snow sports, etc.
(5) Leisure and holiday experience facilities, such as self-driving camps, RV camps, holiday homestay cabins, etc.
(6) Accommodation facilities, such as Yang Kang hotels and other leisure and holiday infrastructure;
(7) Transportation facilities: The external roads of the base are at least Class III standard, and the distance from the nearest transportation hub, such as airport, railway station, passenger station or wharf, is no more than 3 hours by car.
At the same time, the relevant local departments have refined the content of forest health base construction. Taking the Code for the Construction of Forest Restoration Bases issued by Guizhou Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and Guizhou Provincial Forestry Standardization Committee as an example, the code clearly divides the types of restoration service facilities in forest restoration bases:
? Accommodation facilities: guest house, forest log cabin, rest pavilion, campsite, forest hotel, ecological villa, outdoor rest place, etc.
? Catering facilities: green restaurant, leisure restaurant, catering service point, etc.
? Shopping facilities: Yang Kang organic green product sales point, craft souvenir sales point, forest specialty sales point, etc.
? Management service facilities: reception center, parking lot, ecological toilet, garbage station, management room, staff dormitory, etc.
? Leisure and fitness facilities: forest baths, meditation spaces, leisure trails, leisure service stations, leisure chairs, health clubs, herb gardens, sunbathing grounds, Nordic hiking trails, bicycle paths, rock climbing, etc.
? Leisure and entertainment facilities: forest multifunctional activity platform, observation deck, leisure and fitness activity center, children's amusement facilities, etc.
? Popular science education facilities: forest experience hall, forest classroom, mission center, forest museum, herbarium, library, nature observation trail, animal observation platform, visiting road, mountaineering road, forest operation experience field, etc.
? Medical facilities: medical care center, sanatorium, first aid center, rehabilitation center, etc.
? Safety facilities: fence, slope protection, monitoring camera, fire alarm, safety warning, etc.
Case study of forest health base
Case 0 1- Hongya County, Sichuan Province
Hongya County is located in the southwest of Sichuan Basin, backed by Mount Emei and surrounded by Wawu Mountain. It belongs to Chengdu Plain Economic Zone and is an important node of Tianfu New District. The highest elevation of the county is 3090 meters, and the lowest elevation is 4 17 meters. There are 330 rivers, which are known as "seven mountains, two waters and one field". Area 1896 km2, with a total population of 350,000. It has a natural "eight-degree advantage" with suitable temperature, suitable height, moderate latitude, high greening degree, good cleanliness, strong negative oxygen content, sufficient precision and high yield, and is known as the "Pearl of the Green Sea" and "Tianfu Garden". In recent years, Hongya County has focused on the development of high-quality recreational facilities, and made great efforts to create three forest recreational formats: "experience format, anti-aging format and holiday format", vigorously developing forest recreational industries and helping rural revitalization.
Format of forest health experience: The main demonstration base of forest health experience in Yuping Mountain is PPP mode of government guidance, company drawing and enterprise cooperation. Around the four directions of "forest recuperation, health holiday, go on road trip and outdoor sports", we have built dynamic project experience areas such as paragliding, rainbow slide, glass plank road and mountain all-terrain vehicle, developed static project experience areas such as forest Taiji, Buddhist temple and tea ceremony, set up comprehensive project experience areas such as nature school, forest museum and ecological civilization mission base, built a highly supporting health management center, and launched "three days and two nights" for forest rehabilitation. The forest restoration base has an annual reception experience of 3,000 people, with an average annual income of180,000 yuan. Promote the transformation and employment of workers in state-owned forest farms, from traditional "rangers" to "health care teachers", and from traditional tourist attractions to forest health care demonstration sites.
Forest health and anti-aging format: it is the main forest health and anti-aging demonstration base in Qiliping. Create a comprehensive rehabilitation project integrating "medicine, nursing, transportation, housing, culture, agriculture and forestry". Cooperate with American Barker Anti-aging Institute, Peking Union Medical College and other well-known medical institutions to develop biological cell therapy products and launch biological anti-aging services. Focusing on the concept of "5S" of human body, a 3~ 180-day differentiated forest health and anti-aging holiday package was launched. Construction of hot spring health pavilion, forest health meditation, health management center, mid-level health town, precious Chinese herbal medicine nursery and other projects. It received more than 6,543,800 tourists per year, contributed more than 500 million yuan in tax revenue, and promoted more than 9,000 jobs. The per capita net income of the village where the resort is located has increased from 2,000 yuan in 2008 to 33,000 yuan, which has become one of the demonstrations of rural revitalization in the province.
Form of forest leisure vacation: invite Swiss Steiner design company to make overall planning for Wawushan area and Liujiang ancient town area, and position Wawushan as "Wawushan". Sino-Swiss International Mountain Holiday Tourism Demonstration Zone ",focusing on the construction of forest leisure holiday demonstration base. Make use of the reputation of Wawushan Forest Park as "the kingdom of azaleas in the world", "the hometown of pigeon flowers in China" and "the hometown of wild pandas" to create a popular science holiday package for young people; Relying on characteristic homestays, star-rated forest homes and forest towns. Create holiday packages for the workplace; Relying on the characteristics of summer vacation, health food and medicated diet, a healthy holiday package for middle-aged and elderly people is formed. In the past three years, Wawu Mountain Scenic Area has realized a cumulative income of more than 4 billion yuan, directly driving more than 600 households to achieve full employment. Successfully constructed a new ecological space pattern of "livable county-green town-beautiful countryside", and Wawushan Town was rated as the most beautiful forest town in China.
Case 02- Pan 'an County, Zhejiang Province
Pan 'an County, located in the middle of Zhejiang Province, is one of the first batch of national ecological demonstration zones, national ecological counties, national forest tourism demonstration counties and pilot counties for forest leisure and health construction in Zhejiang Province. The whole territory 1 195 square kilometers, with a forest coverage rate of 80.95%. Since the pilot project in 20 15, we have made great efforts to develop the forest leisure and health care industry with the main line of "walking into the forest oxygen bar, enjoying the beautiful scenery of the forest, tasting the forest food and bathing the forest culture", and received tourists13.53 million in 20 18, realizing the total tourism income12.2 billion yuan.
Create characteristic forest towns: Focus on building Jiangnan Medicine Town, Ancient Tea Garden Culture Town, Jianshan Forest Tourism Leisure Town and Nankong Li Jue Forest Tourism Leisure Health Town, and form a network of characteristic forest towns with distinctive features and complementary advantages. Lingjiangyuan Forest Park, as an important carrier of town creation, built a high-altitude glass bridge on 20 18, becoming a "punching place for network celebrities". In 20 19, the development of Sky Glass Corridor set a Guinness World Record and became an "explosion".
Building a rich and colorful forest landscape: With the theme of "Five Grains Abundant", we will focus on building Sakura Valley, Rhododendron Valley, Rose Valley, Peony Valley and Ginkgo Valley. At present, Baili Cherry Blossom Corridor, 10,000 mu of wild azaleas, 1,000 kinds of European roses, 100,000 local peonies and 1,000 mu of contiguous ginkgo biloba have become the best forest leisure and health tourism destinations in Pan 'an.
Construction of classic forest ancient roads: Based on the existing 52 ancient roads, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University was entrusted to compile the Plan for Protection and Utilization of Forest Ancient Roads in Pan 'an County, with "two circles and ten lines" as the functional layout, focusing on building a cluster circle of forest ancient roads, a national hiking trail and ten classic forest ancient roads, fully protecting and expanding the resource characteristics and value functions of forest ancient roads.
Building an Aggregative Forest Family: Focus on building forest family gathering areas such as Urumqi Family, Shanghai Family, Lingjiangyuan Family, Baiyun Mountain Family and Nianxiang Family, and launch the brand of "Pan 'an Mountain Residence * * * Enjoy Farmhouse". Now there are 69 1 farmhouse, 1 farmhouse, 1 employees.
Integrated development of "forest medicine": the cooperative research between "forest bath" and Zhejiang hospital proves that a good forest ecological environment has obvious health preservation effect on patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure, which is conducive to the treatment and rehabilitation of chronic diseases, and the effect of multiple experiences is better.
root nodule
Under the background of China's rich forest resources and the call of the central government to build a large-scale health industrial system, the construction of forest health bases is widely carried out all over the country, with the goal of building 300 national forest health bases by 2022 and 1200 by 2035, so as to continuously meet the people's demand for a better and healthy life in the post-epidemic era. However, at present, China's forest health care base is still in the primary stage of development, and many problems involved in the development process still need to be explored. The above land use problem is an important part to be solved in developing forest health care base. Although the state strictly controls the use of forest land for construction projects at present, in recent years, there have been frequent policies to actively support the supply of land for projects such as returning farmland to forests, which also confirms the state's emphasis on the construction of returning farmland to forests. Therefore, considering the social benefits, policy environment, health care industry development, forestry transformation and other factors, it is timely to develop forest health care.
timetable
List of national bases for returning farmland to forests (first batch)
County-based National Forest Restoration Base
National forest health base with business entity as the unit