Yue Yun (111July 200914-1421October 27th), a native of Tangyin, Xiangzhou (now Tangyin, Henan), was famous in the Southern Song Dynasty. Yue Yun is a rare young general in the history of China. Successive Wu Yilang, Zuo Dafu, and Zhongzhou Defense Ambassador. /kloc-joined the army at the age of 0/2,/kloc-went out with Yue Fei at the age of 0/6, and made great contributions in recovering Suizhou and Dengzhou occupied by the State of Jin. In the battle to capture Suizhou, Yue Yun took the lead, charged first, and was the first to board Suizhou City, which had been successful for a long time. Since then, Yue Yun followed Yue Fei to the north and south, and made meritorious military service repeatedly, so he was called the "winner".

In Yue Quan Chuan, Eight Hammers in Peking Opera and some film and television dramas, the weapon used is a double hammer, which has been deeply rooted in people's hearts.

There is such a description about the battle between Yue Yun and Golden Marbles in Yue Yue Biography: "Yue Yun took two hammers and took advantage of it unprepared. One hammer shot down and the other one killed himself."

In the Eight Hammer of Peking Opera, Yue Yun holds a double hammer called "Eight-edged Plum Blossom Bright Silver Hammer". In film and television dramas, Yue Yun used a double hammer.

Is the weapon used by Yue Yun in history really a double hammer? We continue to look down.

Some historical records and knowledge points about hammers

As an ancient weapon, "hammer" is generally used in traditional Chinese characters.

For example, the fairy medicine Bao Puzi (1 1) is involuted, saying that there is a wind-born beast, "forging its head with a hammer thousands of times."

Another example is Yu Ruming's Gu Shuqin, and Chu Zhuangwang "smashed the piano with an iron hammer". This means knocking at the door.

However, this weapon, the hammer, was usually called "Gu Duo", "Gu Duozi" or "Lao" in Song Dynasty, not "hammer".

There are two kinds of bone patterns in the front of Wu Yao (13), namely "Tribulus terrestris" and "garlic", which are explained.

The two colors of tribulus terrestris, garlic and bone flower, with iron as the first, are guanidine. Guanidine is a big belly, which means it is as big as guanidine. Later generations were wrong, taking guanidine as the bone and glutinous rice as the flower. (its head shape is not common, or it is like thistle or garlic, and the custom is also appropriate. )-Jason Wu's General Introduction (13) "Instrument Map"

There are honest people in China, guards. I tried to repair the calendar and studied its meaning. Guanzhong people say that people with big bellies are guanidine, the upper part is loneliness and the lower part is capital. The common reason is that the head of the stick is also guanidine, and later it is bone flower. The flower is quiet, but it is ugly. This is a military amount and cannot be changed.

-Song Qi's "Song Wenjing Gong Zhu"

Song Shi Lu said that people who take Laos as their bone flowers were unfounded in ancient times. In the national dynasty, the famous guards held the classes of the country's attendants, Gu Duozi, so they could not be tested. You have to write by the word. , always the sound of bamboo and melon, often used as a beat, beat (zhuā) is also the sound of fruit. It becomes a bone flower, just like "just" is "er", "almost" is "Zhu" and so on. However, everyone said I was a bone flower. Although indecent, it has been here for a long time.

-Cheng Dachang's "Too much dew" volume 12 "Gu Duo"

A soldier's forehead is as straight as a royal keel. Song notes that the belly is guanidine, but the language is mistaken for bone flower. No, this is an ancient work. The taste is decorated with bones. What about bones? . Later officials omitted the grass and only books. Again? The sounds are similar, but they don't answer. Today, people still call it old and simple, which shows that. -Zhao "Yin foothills with money" Volume II

There are different opinions about the origin of the word Gu Duo, but there is no doubt that Gu Duo and Laos are common.

For example, according to History of the New Five Dynasties (Volume 25), Biography of Zhou Dewei, History of the Old Five Dynasties (Volume 56), Biography of Zhou Dewei and History as a Mirror (Volume 26 1), a battle in Taiyuan in the late Tang Dynasty was recorded, in which Zhou Dewei, a famous Hedong soldier, used a shovel or a hammer.

Another example is Song Jun's "Make a hammer with a sharp thorn inserted in it", which is similar to mace and is also an example of hammer and hammer used together.

Another example is "Three Dynasties North Alliance" (volume 178), which records that Shaoxing was allowed to mutiny on the Western Expedition in seven years, and the military commander Li Qiong arrested the civilian Lu Zhi. "Those who have military power want to cut with a knife, and Joan shouted,' How dare you!' "Suddenly, I saw someone holding an iron bone, and Joan took it to attack that game, and that game died at the bottom of the steps."

"Records of the First Year of Jianyan" (volume 1 13) recorded the same incident in the Reform Movement of 1898 in Shaoxing, saying, "A man with a yellow dress tied Joan with a knife, and Joan shouted,' How dare you!' "Seeing a steelworker, Joan picked it up and killed him at the foot of the steps."

At that time, Gu Duo was regarded as a ceremonial salute. For example, Wang De replaced Liu Guangshi and commanded the First Army in Huaixi. "As a teacher, a general must govern the country and pay homage with military salute." -"Dong Qiye's Words" Volume II "Three Wars in Zhang Weigong"

The meaning of the word "hammer" changed in the Song Dynasty.

Although it was also possible to use a hammer and a hammer in the Song Dynasty, if Yue Yun really used a double hammer, it might be said that he was holding a double bone or a double blade in the history books of the Song Dynasty. Look at how the history books record Yue Yun's weapons.

In the battle of Jingxi, with two hammers weighing 80 Jin in hand, the armies entered the city first. -"E-Guo Jinwen Collection" Volume 9 "Legacy of Scholars"

In the same event, 2 1 volume Biography of King Wang E and 365 volumes Biography of King Ewang, 22 volumes Biography of King Ewang, Xiangyang Stone Carving and 27 volumes Biography of Yue Fei compiled by Huang Yuanzhen.

According to historical records, the words "hammer", "vertebra" and "cone" can also be used universally in the Song Dynasty.

Look at the description of weapons and equipment in Liao history. In Liao Dynasty, "one person per regular army" was equipped with "long and short gun bones". , axe, flag, hammer cone, etc. , where is "bone?" That is bone flower, and Qinghe "hammer cone" is two kinds of weapons. -"Liao History" Volume 34 "Bing Wei Zhi"

Let's look at the records in the golden history. Every time we hunt, we hammer the lonely rabbit with a chain. One day, while walking in the middle of the road with Hailing, he met a group of scorpions and said, "I can kill them with a hammer." That is, the hammer strikes at a long distance, hitting the abdomen and penetrating. -"Jin History" Volume 77 "Enjoy Biography"

It can be known that the so-called "iron chain hammer" is a piercing weapon similar to the chain dart of later generations, and it is by no means a meteor hammer weapon of later generations.

Through these historical records and knowledge points, do you have a more objective understanding of the ancient weapon "hammer"

Is the weapon used by Yue Yun a "double hammer"?

In Enbukuji, the treasure of Yue Fei's Gongdeyuan, "the iron gun used by Yue Yun is still there". It seems that Yue Yun is famous for its weapons. Until the late Southern Song Dynasty, they were still the treasures of the town temple. -"Spring Tour Lin An Zhi Jiyi" Volume III, "Wulin Old Stories" Volume V

By the time the Yue Temple was built in Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, "the iron gun used by Yun still existed". -"West Lake Tour" Volume 9

We also recorded a "cone gun" in the first volume of Wu Yao 13. "The blade of the awl gun is four-edged, quite strong and sharp, and it looks like an ear of wheat. People on the side call it an ear of wheat." According to previous records, it can be judged that Yue Yun's weapon should be an iron cone gun.

With the popularity of the novel Yue Chuan in Qing Dynasty, the image of "two silver hammers" has been deeply rooted in people's hearts. The meaning of the word "hammer" in this book is based on the understanding of later generations, but the difference of the meaning of the word "hammer" in Song Dynasty is not examined in detail.

However, there is such a record in the Portrait of Yue Temple (volume 1): "The portrait of Er Lao, Wang, is more than five feet long, wearing a square robe, sitting and reading, and the weather is elegant. The statue of Ji Zhonghou is less than half as long. He is wearing a military uniform and holding two copper cones in his hand. He is full of heroism. Its vertebral body is oval and sharp, which is different from the so-called copper vertebral body today. There is no age, and I don't know who painted it. "

In this ancient painting, Yue Yun's weapon is a "pointed cone-shaped oval object", which is actually a gun, which is different from the so-called bronze cone-holding man understood by the Qing people. Therefore, Feng Pei, the author of A Brief History of Yue Temple, feels it necessary to make a special explanation.