According to the different dietary structures between China and the West, the composition of nutritional components in Chinese and Western foods is summarized, and typical dishes in Chinese and Western foods are introduced.
Key words: Chinese and western food structure, nutritional components, Sichuan cuisine, Shandong cuisine, Jiangsu cuisine, Guangdong cuisine, French cuisine, Italian cuisine, American cuisine and Japanese cuisine.
Due to the differences in natural conditions, historical traditions, social systems and religious beliefs, countries around the world have formed different life characteristics and customs after long-term development, which are reflected in food culture and created different cooking techniques and dishes. Western food generally refers to the traditional diet of Europeans and North Americans, which is different from the familiar Chinese food.
1. Nutritional components of Chinese and western foods
In order to maintain normal activities, the human body needs a lot of nutrients, but in short, it can be divided into protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and water. According to the research of some scientific and technological personnel, many diseases that endanger human health, such as diabetes, obesity and cancer, are simply related to people's diet at present, and there are still about 15% malnourished people in the world [1]. The meaning of the word "nutrition" put forward by our ancestors is actually not completely consistent with the word "nutrition" used in some foreign countries. Western terminology refers to the meaning of nourishing and nourishing food, and does not explicitly include the word "ying" in ancient China. One of the principles of Chinese medicine is "camp, health, qi and blood".
1. Nutritional components of China food.
The traditional diet of China residents takes cereals as the main energy source [2], which provides about 75% of the total calories, 66% in protein and 8% in animal foods, and 65,438+065,438+0% in protein. This diet structure is called high cereal diet in nutrition, which contains a certain amount of vegetables and fruits. However, due to the traditional cooking techniques and taste requirements of China residents, many vegetables are washed, cut and cooked, and a large number of healthy substances beneficial to human health are eliminated. Because the protein content of grain is not high and its amino acid composition is not perfect, this kind of diet not only provides insufficient protein, but also has low physiological value, insufficient calcium intake, low utilization rate of trace elements such as iron and zinc, and insufficient vitamin content. With the adjustment of dietary structure, food consumption is decreasing year by year, while animal food consumption is on the rise [3]. However, according to the results of 1992 national nutrition survey, in some wealthy families, the consumption of animal food has exceeded the consumption of cereal. This "westernized" or "affluent" diet provides too much energy and fat, while the dietary fiber is too low, which is not conducive to the prevention of some chronic diseases.
In order to improve the disadvantages of traditional dietary structure, China Nutrition Society and Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene of Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine formed an expert committee. According to the dietary guidelines of China residents [4] and the dietary structure characteristics of China residents, the balanced dietary pagoda of China residents [5] was designed.
The balanced diet pagoda puts forward an ideal nutritional diet model. The recommended amount of food, especially milk and beans, may still fall short of the actual diet of most people at present, and may also fall short of some poor areas. However, in order to improve the dietary nutrition status of China residents, it is indispensable, and it should be taken as a goal to strive for and gradually achieve.
2. Nutritional components of western food
At present, developed countries are moving towards a popular diet, with meat as the main energy source, which is characterized by high energy density, rich in oil and sugar, and lack of complex carbohydrates. Although insufficient nutrient supply will lead to malnutrition and various nutrient deficiencies, excessive nutrient intake will lead to excessive nutrient intake, which not only increases the burden on digestive organs and causes stomach diseases, but also is the root cause of obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, which is also not conducive to health. At present, western countries also recognize this problem, so they generally recommend China's dietary structure.
It is worth mentioning that in "What to eat? How to eat? " On this issue, due to various differences between China and the West, the results are different. People in China pay more attention to the requirements of taste in diet, while westerners pay more attention to the collocation of nutrition.
It can be seen that a reasonable diet and balanced nutrition are the key to protect human health.
Comparison of Chinese Food Flavor and Western Food Flavor
The beauty of dishes should be judged by taste, and taste is the first. To some extent, the national recipes of a country reflect some characteristics of this country, such as the affordable German food, which is rich in the flavor of family meals, and shows the simple character and pragmatic spirit of the German nation.
Due to different social and cultural backgrounds, China and the West have different requirements for food taste.
To sum up, eating is the most important thing in life. Today, with the gradual improvement of living standards, we should not stop at "eating enough", but should consider how to "eat" in order to eat nutritionally. In addition, with the continuous exchange of Chinese and western cultures, more and more people around the world will know and accept flavored foods.