Schopenhauer was born in Danzig, Poland (now Gdansk). His father Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer, a very successful businessman, committed suicide. Her mother, johanna schopenhauer, was a famous writer at that time and had contacts with Goethe and other writers. The relationship between him and his mother was always bad, and the gap was deep, and finally the relationship broke down. But because he inherited his father's property, he lived a rich life as a result. After Schopenhauer died, he donated all his property to charity.
Schopenhauer was educated in England and France in his early years, and he was proficient in many European languages such as English, Italian, Spanish and ancient languages such as Latin. He was initially forced to choose business to inherit his father's business, and he was able to enter the university after his father died. 1809 entered the university of g? ttingen to study medicine, but his interest turned to philosophy, and he studied in Berlin for a period of time in181. There, he became interested in Fichte and schleiermacher. He received his doctorate in The Four Roots of the Law of Sufficient Reason. Goethe appreciated this article very much, and found Schopenhauer's pessimistic tendency at the same time, warning: If you love your own value, you will give more value to the world. He called Plato a god and Kant a miracle, and respected their thoughts. But I hate the speculative philosophy represented by Fichte and Hegel later.
During the period of1814-1819, he finished his masterpiece The World as Will and Representation in a rational loneliness. Influenced by Indian philosophy, this book is regarded as the first book that combines eastern and western ideas, but no one cares after its publication. Schopenhauer commented on his book like this: If I am not worthy of this era, then this era is not worthy of me. However, through this work, he was qualified as an adjunct professor at the University of Berlin. One of the most famous things here is that he chose to teach at the same time as Hegel, who he considered a sophist. But Hegel was at the peak of his fame, and Schopenhauer naturally failed. Soon there were only two or three people left in his class, and none left, so he had to leave Berlin University in a gloomy mood.
1833 after being frustrated in college, he moved to Frankfurt, where he spent the last 27 years of loneliness. 1837, he was the first to point out the main differences between the first and second editions of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. After that, he published a variety of works. 184 1 year, he published a collection of two papers, On the Freedom of Will and On the Basis of Morality. Because these two papers were awarded by the Danish Academy of Sciences, he solemnly explained that the first paper was praised by the Academy of Sciences and the second one was not. In subsequent books, he repeatedly mocked the Danish Academy of Sciences. After he became famous, the book showed little interest. 1844, at his insistence, The World as Will and Representation published the second edition. The first edition was out of print at this time, which failed to arouse the slightest interest of critics and academics, and the buyers of the second edition rarely achieved results. In 185 1, he completed the supplement and explanation of the world as will and representation. As a result, this appendix and addendum written with epigrams made him famous and instantly became a celebrity. Someone wrote Schopenhauer's dictionary, Schopenhauer's complete works. Some people commented that he was a thinker of world significance.
1859, the third edition of The World as Will and Representation caused a sensation. Schopenhauer said that "this book is known all over Europe" and wrote in the preface of the third edition: I was only 30 years old when the first edition of this book came out, but when I saw the third edition, it could not be earlier than 72 years old. Finally, I found comfort in Peter Drake's famous sentence: whoever walks all day and arrives in the evening should be satisfied. Schopenhauer finally gained popularity in the last ten years, but he still lived a lonely life. Accompanied by a poodle named "Soul of the World", some people say that this name is used to satirize Hegel, while others say that it is not. Schopenhauer died of pneumonia in 1860. In his last words, he said: I hope people who love his philosophy can understand his philosophy impartially and independently.
As a famous pessimist, his life is not completely isolated and somewhat selfish. But in some ways, he can be called a man of temperament: he has been in love; He is also praised as a humorous person who can talk with Kan Kan. He reads The Times of London every day; With a hot temper, he once pushed a seamstress down the stairs (because he couldn't stand her noise and repeatedly dissuaded her, it didn't work, so he wrote an article on noise), which caused her to be disabled, so Schopenhauer needed to pay her lifelong compensation quarterly. When this man died, Schopenhauer wrote, "When an old woman died, she was relieved of a heavy burden" (abit onus). His life has been criticized, and it is even more shameful to contradict his philosophy. Russell said in his famous History of Western Philosophy: If we judge Schopenhauer's life, we know that his argument is also insincere.
Works "Critique of Pure Reason" and "On the Four Roots of the Law of Sufficient Reason"