Monuments in Chongqing: Dazu Stone Carving, Fishing City, Baiheliang, etc.

◆ Dazu Stone Carvings:

Dazu Stone Carving is a bright pearl in China Grottoes, which is as famous as Dunhuang, Yungang and Longmen, and is an outstanding representative of China's late Grottoes. ..

She is a masterpiece of grotto art in China, pushing the grotto art in China to a new peak. On June 5438+099965438+February 1, it was formally considered and adopted by the 23rd Conference of States Parties of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, and was listed in the World Heritage List.

Dazu stone carvings are the general name of more than 50 thousand religious stone carvings in 74 places in Dazu County.

Dazu is located in the southeast of Sichuan Basin, 27 1 km from Chengdu in the west and 0/67 km from Chongqing in the east.

The county covers an area of about 1400 square kilometers.

Dazu County was founded in the first year of Gan Yuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 758), with a history of 1230 years. Its county name means "Dafeng Dazu".

Dazu stone carving was founded in Yonghui years in the early Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and lasted until the Ming and Qing Dynasties after the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.

Among them, there are 2 national key cultural relics protection units (Beishan and Baoding Mountain), 4 provincial cultural relics protection units (Nanshan, Shimen Mountain, Shi Zhuan and Beita), and 68 municipal cultural relics protection units such as Miaogaoshan, Shuyang Mountain and Jianzishan.

Beishan Mountain and Baoding Mountain can be said to be the largest, most valuable, most concentrated and most exquisite stone carvings in Dazu.

A, Baodingshan Cliff (Grottoes) Stone Carvings:

Northeast of Dazu County 15km away.

In the sixth year of Xichun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 179), a famous monk Zhao Zhifeng built a cave temple here, which took more than 70 years to complete.

Baoding Mountain is one of the holy places of Buddhism, and it is said that "Emei goes to court and Baoding goes to court".

Zhao Zhifeng (1 159- 1249), a native of Changzhou (now Dazu County, Chongqing) in the Southern Song Dynasty, was the founder of the Baodingshan stone carving in Dazu.

When he was five years old, he was decorated by Shang Hua, and there was an ancient Buddha rock near his residence, so he became a monk.

16 years old went out for three years.

In the sixth year of Xichun (1 179), he returned to his hometown, preached Liu Ben's respect for the law, inherited its teachings, ordered workers to build Shengshou Temple for the first time, and made a vow to popularize the law and pass water.

According to the requirements of the Dojo, he carefully designed and skillfully arranged, carved tens of thousands of Buddha statues in Baoding Giant Buddha Bay, and built the last large cave group in the history of China Grottoes.

Baodingshan Stone Carving is centered on the Giant Buddha Bay, with small Buddha Bay, inverted pagoda, Longtou Mountain, Shushi Mountain and Huangjuepo in the east, Gaoguanyin in the south, Mangshan Mountain, Pine Forest Slope and Buddha Rock in the west, and Yanwan, Longtan and Duimian Buddha in the north. 13 landscape.

Among them, the stone carvings in Giant Buddha Bay have the largest scale, the highest artistic value and the best preservation.

Giant Buddha Bay is a horseshoe-shaped mountain bay.

More than 10,000 statues are carved on the cliff about 500 meters long and 15-30 meters high.

In addition, there are 7 inscriptions recording the origin of the statue of Baodingshan and the historical facts of Buddhism tantra, 7 inscriptions by Song Taichang, Shao Qing and Wei Liaoweng 17 and 2 pagodas.

The stone carvings in the Giant Buddha Bay are carved according to the shape of the cliff. The relief is tall, with a wide range of themes, connected caves, rigorous layout, strong sense of integrity and spectacular weather.

The Buddha statue is novel in conception, skillful in carving and full of secular color.

The content is mostly Buddhist stories.

Shi Bao is on a par.

The main statues are Guardian Goddess, Six Divisions of Karma Wheel, Vast Castle, Three Statues of Huayan, Avalokitesvara with Thousand Hands, Religious Statues of Parents, Hell Statue, Jue Yuan Dojo and Niudojo, which are vivid and meaningful.

The stone carving of the Giant Buddha Bay also skillfully adopts scientific measures such as drainage, lighting, machinery and wind prevention, which is enough to make tourists applaud and admire.

Two, Beishan Cliff (Grottoes) Stone Carvings:

Located two kilometers north of Dazu County.

Beishan was called Longgang Mountain in ancient times.

In the first year of Jingfu in Tang Zhaozong (892), Weijun Jing, a provincial historian in Changzhou (now Dazu County), built Yongchang Village in Beishan to store grain and station troops, and at the same time began to carve Buddha statues.

After the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, nearly 10,000 statues were made in Fowan, Yingpanpo, Guanyin Slope, Beita Temple and Foeryan successively.

The most concentrated stone carving in Beishan is the Buddha Bay statue, No.290 niche.

On the cliff more than 300 meters long and 7 meters high, there are 6 stone tablets, 55 stone tablets and statues, 8 buildings, a manjusri disease map and 264 stone carvings.

The Buddha statues in Fowan are finely carved, beautifully shaped and unique in style.

The "Bodhisattva Samantabhadra" in the "Heart Car Cave" is beautifully shaped and is known as the "Venus of the East"; "Zhu Zhu Guanyin" and "Sun Moon Guanyin" both show the superb skills of ancient craftsmen; The image of the hidden earth is bold and unique; The "Runwheel Cave of Tibetan Scripture" is called "Stone Carving Palace Que".

Weijun Jing Monument, Cai Jing Monument and Ancient Poem Monument are unique to the world, which are not only calligraphy treasures, but also supplements historical materials and have great value.

The stone carvings in Fowan are divided into two areas, the southern area is mostly works of the late Tang and Five Dynasties, and the northern area is mostly works of the Song Dynasty.

In the works of the late Tang Dynasty, the characters are dignified and plump, with rich temperament, simple clothes and smooth lines.

The works of the Five Dynasties are exquisite, exquisite and colorful, and the costumes are from simple to complex, gradually getting rid of the influence of foreign culture, which has the characteristics of stone carving transition period.

The national characteristics of Song Dynasty's works are increasingly prominent.

◆ Hechuan Fishing City:

Located on Yushan Mountain on the south bank of Jialing River in Heyang Town, Hechuan City, covering an area of 2.5 square kilometers.

There is a flat boulder on the mountain. It is said that there is a giant god fishing in the Jialing River here to solve one person's hunger, hence the name this mountain.

Fishing Town has thousands of cliffs, the ancient city gates and walls are majestic and solid, surrounded by Jialing River, Fujiang River and Qujiang River on three sides, just like a military commander.

In the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1242), Sichuan appeasement history, Chongqing Zhifu Shiyujian Fishing City.

1258, Mongo Khan invaded the west with the strength of more than 40 countries in Europe, Asia and Africa, and the soldiers were divided into three ways to cut the Song Dynasty.

The army led by Meng Ge invaded Sichuan and arrived in Hechuan Fishing City in February of the following year.

Mongo soldiers run around and are invincible. However, under the tenacious resistance of Wang Jian, the commander of the fishing city, and Zhang Jue, the deputy commander, they were never able to cross the line.

In July, Mongo was wounded by artillery on the city and died in Wenquan Temple.

Fishing City has been defending for more than 36 years, and has written a rare example of defeating the strong with the weak in the history of Chinese and foreign wars. Therefore, Fishing Town is praised by Europeans as "Mecca City in the East" and "the land where God breaks the whip".

The ancient battlefield site of Yuzhen has been well preserved so far.

The main landscapes include city gates, city walls, palaces, martial arts halls, infantry battalions, water army docks and other sites, Diaoyutai, Huguo Temple, Hangkong Temple, Thousand Buddha Cave, Huangdong Cave, Tianquan Cave and Feiyan Cave, as well as a large number of poems and songs left over from the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

From 65438 to 0982, Fishing Town was listed as a national scenic spot.

◆ Wushan Longgupo Ancient Ape Site:

Located in Longgupo, Longping Village, Miaoyu Town, Wushan County, it covers an area of about 700 square meters.

Excavated at 1986.

Ancient human incisors and jawbone fossils with canine teeth were found here, as well as fossils of giant monkeys, saber-toothed tigers and rhinoceroses at the same level as human fossils 10.

According to textual research, these fossils belong to the early Pleistocene, 2.04 million years ago.

This great discovery fills the gap of early human fossils in China and has important scientific value for studying the origin of human beings and the development history of the Three Gorges.

◆ Inscription of Baiheliang Underwater:

Located in the center of the Yangtze River in the north of Fuling District, it is a natural boulder beam with a length of about 1600 meters and a width of about 16 meters.

Liang Shi only comes into contact with water in the dry season of winter and spring.

According to legend, Zhu Erzhen, a real person in the Tang Dynasty, practiced here, then gained the Tao, and left by Hexian, hence the name.

There are 164 stone carvings in Liang Shi since the first year of Tang Guangde (763), including hydrological stone carvings 108; Stone fish map 14, three of which are hydrological markers.

Inscriptions and images intermittently record the historical low water level of 72 years from 65438 to 0200, which is of great historical value for studying the low water law, shipping and production in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

At the International Hydrological Work Conference held in Paris from 65438 to 0974, the China delegation submitted a special report on the inscription of Fuling Stone Fish, and the scientific value of Baiheliang was recognized by the world.

In addition, there are many poems and inscriptions by poets and writers of past dynasties, such as Huang Tingjian, Zhu, Pang Gongsun, Wang Shizhen, etc. On the White Crane Beam, seals, officials, lines and grass are all prepared, and Yan, Liu, Huang and Su are presented together, which is of high artistic value, so it has the reputation of "underwater inscription".

Baiheliang has been designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, Baiheliang will be submerged, and the state has approved the project in 1993, and plans to build it into a large underwater museum.

The stone fish carving on Baiheliang has important scientific research and historical value, and has unique artistic value, which has always been valued by the world.

It is not only the historical record of the low water level in the Yangtze River, but also the implication of "good weather and smooth water" and "more fish every year".

Therefore, the ancients carved a sentence on the white crane beam, "In the dry season, if the stone fish comes out of the water, it will last for thousands of years."

◆ ciqikou ancient town:

Ciqikou ancient town is located in the suburbs, bordering Jialing River in the east, Shapingba in the south, Tongjiaqiao in the west and Shijingpo in the north, with an area of1.65,438+08 square kilometers. It was named after the rich transshipment porcelain in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Shizhaixing Town began in the Xianping period of Song Zhenzong (AD 998- 1003), and formed a commercial dock where land and water meet. It reached its peak in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. The ancients praised its prosperity with thousands of people holding hands during the day and lights at night.

Known as "Little Chongqing".

Baolun Temple, a famous temple in the east of Shangchuan, Maanshan, began in the Tang Dynasty. This temple is magnificent and well preserved. It is said that Wen Jian, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, took refuge here, so it is also called Longyin Temple. During its prosperity, more than 300 monks lived there.

The buildings in the town have the characteristics of residential buildings in eastern Sichuan, and the stone road and residential buildings along the street set each other off. Houses are mostly bamboo and wood structures, bucket walls or semi-wooden walls.

Most of the pavements along the street are three rooms, which grow into a deep apartment. The back room of the pavement is generally a quadrangle, which is the residence of big businessmen.

Carving beams and painting buildings, exquisite patterns and exquisite workmanship.

Up to now, the architecture of the ancient town has been well preserved, and the ancient rhyme is natural: the temple is solemn and magnificent; The quadrangles in Ming and Qing dynasties are rigorous in structure and simple and generous; The pavement along the street stands on the mountain and folds with the song; The diaojiao building on the cliff has free layout, compact structure, combination of reality and reality, ethereal and natural.

Arthur Eriksson, a Canadian who is known as one of the top ten architects in the world, commented after visiting the porcelain mouth: "Everything here is natural, not made by designers, but from the designer's point of view, every family is the best and most practical."

The ancient town is the birthplace of sand magnetism culture. During the Anti-Japanese War, cultural celebrities such as Guo Moruo, Xu Beihong, Feng Zikai, Fu Baoshi, Ba Jin and Bing Xin gathered.

Mr Ding Zhaozhong, a famous Chinese-American scientist, studied in this town.

The prototype flower of the novel "Red Rock" escaped from the ancient town pier.

The ancient town has mountains and water, fresh air and trees, and the people live and work in peace and contentment, retaining the local ethnic life style in China.

1998 was designated as a key historical block in Chongqing by the State Council. People in Shapingba District have planned to build Ciqikou into a new tourist area with Bayu cultural characteristics, and the ancient town has opened its doors to welcome Chinese and foreign guests.