Knowledge of health education for the elderly With the continuous development of medical care and the gradual improvement of people's living standards, people's understanding of diseases and self-care has undergone qualitative changes. More and more people need rehabilitation services. In order to meet the health needs of residents, maintain community health and achieve the goal of "health care for all in 20XX" proposed by the World Health Organization, it is imperative to carry out community nursing work. In an aging society, the elderly are one of the focuses of community nursing. How to make the elderly pay attention to self-care, and improve their health, delay aging, reduce the occurrence of diseases, maintain good self-care ability and achieve high-quality longevity through self-care is an important duty of community nurses. In recent years, we have carried out health education for the elderly in the community and achieved good results. The practice and experience are introduced as follows:
1 health survey
Health survey is the basis of mastering the health status and health care needs of the elderly in this community and formulating health intervention measures. Through a large number of detailed investigations, 735 patients were found out from 5876 residents, and the prevalence rate was 12.5%, including 265 cases of hypertension, 94 cases of coronary heart disease, 67 cases of brain, 59 cases of hyperlipidemia, 46 cases of fatty liver, 45 cases of diabetes, 34 cases of chronic bronchitis, 0 cases of stomach disease 10, and 65438 cases of malignant tumor. There are 492 elderly people over 60 years old, accounting for 66.7% of the total number of chronic diseases. This data tells us that the high incidence of chronic diseases is the elderly, and the incidence of hypertension and coronary heart disease is the highest among patients with chronic diseases.
2 classified filing
On the basis of health investigation, according to the health care knowledge needed by the diseases of the elderly, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, leukoencephalopathy, diabetes, fatty liver, etc., 3 14 management cards and 509 health records were established. And make corresponding education plans according to the health status and learning needs of the elderly.
Mainly through talking with the elderly and their families, we can understand the lifestyle, education level, family background and economic conditions of the elderly, grasp what health care knowledge and self-care skills the elderly lack, and understand the knowledge of disease prevention, treatment and medication. Focus on four aspects that affect the health of the elderly: behavior and lifestyle, environment, biology and health care service factors.
3. Make a health education plan
According to the survey, the education plan is formulated according to the health status and learning needs of the elderly. The plan should include learning content, learning schedule, specific teachers, learning methods and forms.
4 Educational content
Focus on the behavior health, mental health, knowledge of prevention and treatment of common diseases, daily health care and psychological adjustment and training of the elderly. The content should be targeted, instructive and easy to understand. Through publicity, enhance the health care awareness of the elderly, change the past bad habits such as smoking, drinking, high-fat and high-salt diet, choose a scientific lifestyle, maintain a good psychological state, and strive to achieve a reasonable diet, moderate exercise, quit smoking and limit alcohol, and psychological balance. This paper introduces several common diseases of the elderly, such as coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, bronchitis, pulmonary heart disease, diabetes, hepatitis and malignant tumor. , and explained the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, the prevention knowledge of diseases and complications, the premonitory symptoms and early signals of diseases, and the skills of patients to save themselves. Make publicity materials into various forms, and add some interesting pictures to increase the interest of the elderly, and try to be illustrated as much as possible. In the past two years, we have compiled the handbook "Essential reading for the health of the elderly" and more than 0/000 volumes of related materials 1000, such as the knowledge of quitting smoking, the exercise guide for the elderly, and the influence and harm of obesity with high salt and high fat on hypertension. More than 40 kinds of self-made health education prescriptions are very popular among the elderly.
5 educational methods
5. 1 Gift "Health Required Reading for the Elderly"
Most of the elderly in this community are retired cadres, all of whom have a certain degree of education. Try to get one, listen to their opinions carefully, and adjust and improve the educational content in time.
5.2 Group lectures
Pass the teaching information to the elderly in the community before class, and make clear the teaching content. Then explain according to the propaganda content. The main ideas and key contents are written on the blackboard for the elderly to understand and remember.
5.3 Family education
According to different individuals, different health problems and psychological states, service education should be concise, simple and easy to understand, so that the elderly can get inspiration from it. Through family follow-up, oral guidance and operation demonstration, let everyone participate in health promotion and assume health responsibility.
5.4 to carry out community health consultation
Community nurses go to senior universities, senior cadres' activity centers and other places for the elderly to receive on-the-spot consultation on health issues, answer questions in a targeted manner, and guide the elderly to establish correct health concepts and adopt positive health behaviors.
5.5 Use the media for publicity and education
Give full play to the advantages of the news media, open a "health service hotline" through radio, carry out telephone consultation, and open a "health column" through television and newspapers, so that the radio has sound, the television has people, and the newspapers have words, that is, answer the questions raised by the elderly, and at the same time spread the knowledge of preventive health care to thousands of households.
6 problems that should be paid attention to in health education
Due to the decline of physiological function of the elderly, their reaction ability and understanding ability have declined to varying degrees. Nurses should master certain educational skills and communication skills when carrying out publicity and education.
6. 1 Language expression should be colloquial.
Try not to use medical terms in publicity and education. Use them when necessary, such as dyspnea, tachycardia, blood sugar, etc. Explain the meaning of these terms to the elderly in simple everyday language.
6.2 Modest attitude and respect for the elderly Because the elderly are easily influenced by physiology, emotion and language, the teaching staff should be good at communicating with the elderly, master their psychological state, provide psychological and spiritual support in time, and respect their personality.
6.3 The content of education should be less but better.
In order to improve the memory of the elderly, education and guidance should be limited to 2-3 points at a time, and care should be taken not to provide things beyond the needs and increase the burden on the elderly.
6.4 Do a good job in comprehensive induction education
Old people often suffer from multiple diseases or complications at the same time. Therefore, health education involves a wide range, and the elderly often lack the ability of comprehensive induction. In the implementation of health education, it is difficult to reach the standard. We can make a multi-faceted education plan for the elderly, that is, there are life content, rehabilitation exercise content, precautions, and time in the corresponding position, so that the elderly can take care of each other as much as possible.