There are three ghost festivals in China: Tomb-Sweeping Day Festival, Zhongyuan Festival and Han Festival.
1, Qingming (the fifth day of the fourth lunar month) will go to the grave, and at the same time there are customs of going for an outing, going to the grave to explore new land and adding graves.
2. The Central Plains (July of the lunar calendar 15) was originally a day for folk ancestor worship, and later it was designated as the underground Christmas in charge of the ghost gate. On this day, the underground palace opened the door of hell, and it was also a day when the dead ancestors could go home and reunite. Therefore, it is also Ghost Festival, which is the most important of the three Halloween festivals in China. It has a Dojo to put steamed bread for ghosts to eat. The Taoist temple held a grand ceremony to pray for the auspicious Dojo, the content of which was to cross over the soul of the deceased. Buddhism is a day of bonsai, and the content is also to cross over for the dead.
3. The most important thing in the Cold Clothes Festival (10, 1, Lunar New Year) is to make a ghost dress, buy paper, wrap it up and burn it in front of the door.
Why do you celebrate Ghost Festival in the middle of Yuan Dynasty (the 15th day of the seventh lunar month)? At first, it was a day of folk ancestor worship, and later it was designated as Christmas in the underground palace, which was in charge of the gates of hell. On this day, the underground palace opened the door of hell, and the dead ancestors could go home and reunite. Therefore, it is also Ghost Festival, which is the most important of the three Halloween festivals in China. It is equipped with Dojo and steamed bread for ghosts. On this day, we should worship our ancestors and go to the grave. The Taoist temple held a grand ceremony to pray for the auspicious Dojo, the content of which was to cross over the soul of the deceased.
Why is 7. 15 Halloween? July 15 is the Mid-Autumn Festival in the old calendar, just like Shangyuan Festival on the 15th of the first month and Xiayuan Festival on the 15th of October.
Mid-Autumn Festival is a Taoist festival. Taoism believes that Sanyuan is another name for the three officials. Shangyuan Festival, also known as Shangyuan Tianguan Festival, is the birthday of Emperor Wei Zi blessed by Shangyuan. The Mid-Yuan Festival, also known as the Mid-Yuan Official's Day, is the birthday of the exempted officials in the Yuan Dynasty. Xiayuan Festival, also known as Xiayuan Shuijie, is the birthday of Xiayuan Shuiguan Cave. Taoism's "Three Official Classics of Taishang" says: God helps the people, the local officials forgive sins, the water officials release Eritrea, and all beings are under the water officials of heaven and earth. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, Taoist temples such as the Fire Temple in Di 'anmen and the Baiyun Temple outside Xibianmen held a blessing and auspicious Dojo as usual to pray for good weather, peace and prosperity.
Buddhists will hold grand bonsai on this day, also called bonsai, bonsai. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were more than 840 temples in Beijing, such as Guangji Temple, Fayuan Temple, Nianhua Temple, Guanghua Temple, Jiaxing Temple and Changchun Temple. Where conditions permit, Yulan Club and Zhongyuan Law Club of different scales are held. Since the Republic of China, Beihai Park, Zhongshan Park Concert Hall and other places have held memorial ceremonies for fallen soldiers at this time over the years. Three kinds of scriptures, Fan (Lama), Tao (Taoist) and Zen (Monk), were used to set up a memorial tablet for a soldier killed in the army, navy and air force for public sacrifice.
During the Mid-Autumn Festival, activities such as boat-building, lotus lanterns, ancestor worship and scenery singing will be held in old Beijing.
Ghosts'Festival
The Mid-Autumn Festival on July 15th of the lunar calendar, commonly known as "Ghost Festival", lasts for one month from July 1st to July 30th of the lunar calendar.
Buddhism and Taoism have different interpretations of the significance of this festival. Buddhism emphasizes filial piety; Taoism focuses on "Purdue" those lonely souls released from the underworld.
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The ceremony for Buddhists to celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival is called "Orchid Festival". Celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival is not only to pay homage to their dead relatives, but also to commemorate Mulian and praise his filial days as a Buddhist.
The story of Mulian's saving his mother comes from the Tripitaka (Buddhism introduced from India). According to the records in the Tripitaka, Manglietia saw her dead mother, Si Liu Niang, tortured by a group of hungry ghosts after suffering in the underworld. Manglietia gave her a bowl of vegetable rice, but the vegetable rice was taken away by the hungry ghost. Mu Lian turned to the Buddha for help, and the Buddha was moved by Mu Lian's filial piety and presented the Lanjing. According to the instructions, Mulian provided her mother with a vegetarian meal filled with rare fruits in a orchid pot on July 15th, and the hungry mother finally got food. Buddhists hold a grand "Orchid Club" every year to commemorate Manglietia's filial piety.
Taoism believes that since the first day of the seventh lunar month, the underworld has opened the gate of hell and released ghosts to the world for sacrifice. In order to avoid the interference and harm of ghosts and gods, the "Central Plains Purdue" was set up on July 15 to provide food and burn ghost paper to appease those lonely souls who have no owners.
celebrate
Although Taoists and Buddhists celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival with different meanings, the celebrations in Singapore are similar, such as offering food as sacrifices, burning gold and silver paper and so on. So during the Mid-Autumn Festival, on the roadside and under the apartment, you can see good men and women burning gold and silver paper everywhere. The Housing Development Bureau has specially set up a gold and silver paper incinerator to provide convenience for residents.
At present, the common way for Singaporeans to celebrate is to organize large-scale China Yuan Festival among neighbors. China Yuan Festival elects a furnace owner to preside over the affairs of China Yuan Festival every year, and collects donations from its members every month. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, these monthly donations will be used to buy sacrifices. After the worship, all the sacrifices were distributed to the members, one for each.
The Mid-Autumn Festival banquet is very lively. Bidding for the "blessing" at the banquet will push the celebration atmosphere to * * *, and the proceeds from the bidding will be used to subsidize the cost of buying sacrifices in the coming year. A new furnace owner was elected that night.
Although the Mid-Autumn Festival is a religious festival, it is also meaningful to non-believers, because the festival itself warns people to be filial. We can regard this festival as a festival to commemorate ancestors and deceased relatives and friends.
We hope that Singaporeans will pay more attention to and help the elderly, the poor and other unfortunate people while offering sacrifices to their ancestors.
Ghosts'Festival
China Lunar New Year has a so-called "three yuan" > >
When is the Ghost Festival in China? Why is there a ghost festival? Halloween is a traditional festival in America. Celebrate every day 1 1 month 1 day. People believe in demons and ghosts, so they set off fireworks on this day to drive away ghosts. Halloween in China is the result of westernization.
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Why do China people celebrate "Ghost Festival" and the origin of "Ghost Festival"
The 15th day of the seventh lunar month is the "Ghost Festival" established by China people for thousands of years. In ancient times, people believed that if they committed a crime or owed something on their moral conscience, they would be taken to hell after death. Yan sentenced him to suffer in hell according to the number of crimes he committed before his death. Fengdu City, a hell where ghosts are held, opens its gates every year on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month, releasing innocent ghosts to be reincarnated. Therefore, on this day, both dignitaries and ordinary people should offer sacrifices to their ancestors, light up bright lights, light up the road to the underworld for the ancestors freed from hell, and find a good destination for reincarnation in reincarnation.
The folk "Ghost Festival" originated from the "Sanyuan Festival" of Taoism in China. The ancients said: "Every three yuan, the three officials are recorded in the world, among the ten countries, from the celestial immortals to the character test limit, to the change of fish and dragons, flying away from all kinds, and looking for responsibility according to the day when the three officials sacrifice their saints." The so-called "Sanyuan Festival" is actually what we are familiar with: the Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, the Ghost Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of July, and the Furnace Festival on the fifteenth day of October. The origin of this "Three-Yuan Festival" comes from three Taoist immortals, who are san huang, who is in charge of the three realms of blessing and misfortune, that is, the emperor who blessed Wei Zi, the emperor who was cleared of sin, and the emperor who freed himself from D Valley.
As the name implies, "Blessing Wei Zixian Jun" inspects the mortal world on the 15th day of the first month. Those who cherish Xiu De's blessing can bless and prolong their lives, and the spirits who have achieved Tao can also take this opportunity to ascend to heaven and live forever. Therefore, on the fifteenth day of the first month, lanterns should be lit to make the world bright, so that Wei Zixian can bless his life more. "Forgive sins and clear the sky" came to earth on the Mid-Autumn Festival on July 15, pardoning the sins of ghosts and allowing ghosts in hell to be reincarnated. Therefore, we should put a ghost lamp to illuminate the way back to the world in the underworld. "Xie Hewei Gu Di" came to the world on1October15th "Next Yuan Festival", in order to put out the fire of hell and save the suffering evil spirits in hell, so he was sacrificed on1October15th to let his old man rest in peace.
There is also a tradition of July 15 in Buddhism, but it was originally only a day of * * * comments within the temple, which has nothing to do with the secular. Every year, due to the summer heat, the temple allows monks to "live and sit in the summer". On the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month, monks were called to hold a dharma meeting to sum up and exchange experiences in meditation during the period of full residence. Monks spend a year in Buddhism every time they experience such meditation and repentance. Therefore, July 15 is called "Buddha calendar day" in the Buddhist calendar, also known as "Arahara Festival". Its meaning comes from the Buddhist story of the Buddha's disciple "Mu Yi Lian Zun" saving his mother. The so-called "Magnolia" means "hanging upside down" in Sanskrit, which means to relieve the suffering of all beings.
After Buddhism was introduced to China, it gradually became Chinese. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Xiao Yan in Liang Wudi built a temple and believed in Buddhism. In order to educate people and use Buddhism to change customs, on July 15, he ordered monks from various monasteries across the country to chant Buddhist scriptures at river crossings. Monks cross the Buddhist scriptures at the water's edge, and the people light lamps to offer sacrifices. Over time, the "Kasahara Festival" and the "Ghost Festival" of the people have become one rich and lively festival.
The Way of Yin and Yang, the Theory of Self-cultivation and the Wisdom of Life in Ghost Festival
From this perspective, the 15th day of the seventh lunar month in China is an extraordinary day for monks, Taoists and ordinary people. So what's unusual about this day? In fact, the answer lies in the reincarnation of the four seasons and the transformation of yin and yang.
On the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month, it coincides with the alternation of summer and autumn, and it is the season of receiving yang and rising yin. "On Yin and Yang" says: "Heaven and earth move, and Yin and Yang beat, each with its own tune; Division in winter and summer, yin and yang together. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Yin and Yang were separated. " If yang is not controlled, it will wander around and become an evil spirit. In ancient times, people thought that wandering souls and wild ghosts were produced by this evil spirit. When ghosts meet epidemic spirits invisibly, they become harmful to the party, which will lead to social unrest and epidemic diseases. The root of suppressing evil lies in accepting Yang. Therefore, in this summer and autumn trading season, the whole country is paying homage, shining and respecting ghosts and gods. In fact, it is a festival for ancient wise men to drive away the epidemic, let the people maintain health and safety, and drive away the evil spirits of diseases.
Zeng Guofan, a famous minister in the Qing Dynasty, had ups and downs in his life, and his last wish for future generations was only four words: "Cautious independence, benevolent government and respect for learning." It can be seen that respecting the Lord is the key to self-cultivation. In today's fast-developing society, people have a lot of sunshine floating outside and are not accepted. In workplaces, hotels, squares and stations, these public places are even more dry and floating. In this state and environment, people will inexplicably ... >>
7. 14 Why is it called Ghost Festival? Ghost Festival, as its name implies, is a festival celebrated by ghosts. There are four Halloween in China, namely, July 30th, Tomb-Sweeping Day, March 3rd and 1 October1day. Among the western ghost festivals, there are Mexican ghost festivals and Thai ghost festivals, but the most famous one is Halloween. This entry will introduce the origin culture of various ghost festivals at home and abroad in detail.
Zhongyuan ghost festival
Chinese names: Ghost Festival, Lantern Festival and Halloween.
Festival time: July 30th, 65438+1October 3rd1etc.
Festival type: traditional festivals
Hot spots: China, western countries.
Ghosts'Festival
brief introduction
Four Ghost Festivals: March 3rd, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Mid-Autumn Festival and Cold Clothes Festival (the first day of October).
culture
Ghost Festival originated from the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements in ancient philosophy. Ghost Festival is extremely yin. Today's birth disturbs the good or bad luck of the congenital eight characters, and the five behaviors are strange, so the yin and yang will be unbalanced, the fortune will drop, and the villain will be met. On Halloween, the position of the chart in ae star group. At dusk, the position of the heart-shaped star in the southern sky is opposite to the astrolabe of the person who celebrated the Halloween birthday. As a result, the hostess was dissolved by the jade woman, and the position of Zhang Xiangxing in Nantian was born in the early hours of the morning. Therefore, when dissolving, you need to use the five-tone gold seal. It is difficult to see the description of the world after death in ancient mythology, and the word "ghost" does not mean this.
Ghosts'Festival
Justice. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the word "ghost" is a word of understanding, and here is the word "person" with a terrible head on it, which means a monster like a person. Later it gradually evolved into something that changed after death. Book of rites? "Sacrifice to Righteousness" has made it very clear: "All beings have to die, and when they die, they return to scholars. This is called a ghost. " Book of rites? The Sacrifice Law further points out: "Ordinary people in Shu Ren have no temples, and when they die, they are ghosts." That is, after the death of dignitaries, there are temples to worship and sacrifices all year round, and they become gods. Ordinary people die, there is no temple to enjoy sacrifices, and wandering around, that is a ghost. The "ghost" explained in China's first dictionary Shuowen means now. There are many words related to ghosts in pre-Qin classics. Confucius famously said "Stay away from ghosts and gods", which shows that Confucianism believes in ghosts and gods, but it is only "respect". Later, although there was Wang Chong's theory of no ghosts in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it could not shake the superstition of Chinese people about ghosts and gods. By the end of Qing Dynasty, although there were fierce ghosts in Pu Songling's works, most of them were young and beautiful female ghosts who attached importance to feelings and righteousness and understood etiquette. After watching Liaozhai, they felt cute, not scary ghosts. The perfection and enrichment of Chinese ghost culture benefit from Buddhism and Taoism. Taoism is our real estate, and Buddhism was handed down from the west during the Han and Wei Dynasties, and it was integrated with Confucian culture and secular culture. After death, the underworld (also known as the underworld in Buddhism) is gradually established, that is, the world where ghosts live. The main building of Taoism is Fengdu City, which is demonstrated in Pingdu Mountain on the bank of the Yangtze River in eastern Sichuan. Pingdu Mountain, with beautiful scenery, was originally one of the 72 blessed places of Taoism. Both the king of the Western Han Dynasty and Yin Changsheng of the Eastern Han Dynasty practiced here and later became immortals. Fengdu
This fairy tale is related to the surnames of two immortals. Wang and Yin are the opposite of each other, and thus become the "king of the underworld". After the deduction of the past dynasties and the rendering of The Journey to the West's ghost stories such as Biography of Zhong Kui, Fengdu was built into a ghastly ghost town, so there were Naihe Bridge, the Gate of Death, the boundary between Yin and Yang, the Imperial Temple, the Impermanence Temple and the City God Temple. Compared with the Taoist underworld, the Buddhist underworld is much more complete and systematic. Buddhism has the so-called "Ten Realms", that is, there are ten realms in the world, namely, Buddha, Bodhisattva, Jue Yuan, Wensheng, Heaven, Man, Asura, beast, evil spirits and hell. The first four are called "four saints", that is, they transcend the sacred world and get rid of the suffering of life and death. The last six kinds are called "six mysteries", which need endless circulation in filthy soil. The last three kinds are also called "three evils" and "three evils", which is a more unfortunate realm, and hell is the most unfortunate. Speaking of hell, it is chilling, with as many as eighteen floors. The further you go, the deeper the pain. In hell, there are not only demons such as Yamaraja, judges and ghosts, but also all kinds of torture such as knives, frying pans, millstones and saws. Therefore, people are most afraid of entering eighteen layers of hell after death.
Why write Ghost Festival? Ghost Festival, as its name implies, is a festival related to ghosts and a festival to worship ghosts. Ghosts are an extension of human life in the period of ignorance. The concept of prolonging life in eastern and western cultures is slightly different, but people who die as ghosts have always been the mainstream of ghost culture. There are Chinese and western Halloween, and there are many Halloween in China, such as July 30th, Tomb-Sweeping Day, March 3rd, 10/day. There is a Mexican Ghost Festival in the West, but the most famous one is Halloween. This entry will introduce the origin culture of various ghost festivals at home and abroad in detail.
Why burn paper to ward off evil spirits and send ghosts on Halloween?
Why is July called Ghost Festival? Lunar July 15.
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On July 15th, Taoism is called Zhongyuan Festival, Buddhism is called Yulan Festival, and folk custom is called Ghost Festival.
Commonly known as July 30th. Legend has it that all the ghosts were released to the underworld on that day, and people usually carry out activities to sacrifice ghosts. Where there is a new funeral, people will go to new graves, but generally speaking, ghosts and ghosts will sacrifice locally. Therefore, as a whole, it is a festival centered on the worship of ghosts and gods, and it is the largest folk ghost festival in China.
July 15 is the Buddhist Boni Festival. "Eye bug basin" is a Sanskrit transliteration, originally intended to solve the problem of upside down. It is said that the Buddha's apprentice had a healthy eye and was sent to the depths of hell because of his mother's evil deeds before her death. He asked the Buddha what the salvation method was, and the Buddha told him that fasting monks on the day of liberation of monks (July 15th, China) could save ghosts from the misery of hell. According to Buddhist rituals, meditation began in mid-April, that is, entering the temple to meditate, and not allowed to go out during the day. It ends on July 15, which is called the day of abstinence, so they can come out to receive charity from believers. Buddhists in China created the Koran to publicize it, and later formed the custom of setting up a banquet to eat ghosts. In this way, the Mid-Autumn Festival is characterized by the integration of Taoism and Buddhism, and the activities of ancestor worship, ghost worship and ghost worship in the Mid-Autumn Festival have become the largest "ghost festival" among the people.
Folk activities in the mid-Yuan Dynasty revolved around offering sacrifices to ancestors and wild ghosts. There are city gods patrolling to offer sacrifices to Li (a sudden death), Taoist temples and Buddhist temples hold Purdue ceremonies to turn over the dead, and people go to new graves. As China people came to Southeast Asia and other regions, they also brought the custom of the Mid-Autumn Festival to those places. As we all know, the Central Plains activities in Penang, Malaysia have a broad mass base.