Hypertension is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly people, and it is also a major disease that harms human health. The cause of the disease is generally considered by the medical community to be the abnormal regulation mechanism of normal blood pressure due to various environmental factors under a certain genetic background. Hypertension is not only an independent cardiovascular disease, but also causes heart, brain and kidney diseases, leading to serious complications such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, renal failure and uremia, which is extremely harmful.
Prevention and control measures: the elderly should pay special attention to reasonable diet, control heat energy and weight, reduce fat intake and eat more fruits and vegetables; Strictly limit the intake of sodium salt, and the daily intake of salt per person should be controlled below 6 grams; Take enough potassium, magnesium and calcium every day; Quit smoking or strictly limit alcohol and tobacco; Choose different exercise methods such as jogging, brisk walking, Tai Ji Chuan and Qigong according to age and physical condition to control blood pressure, lose weight, enhance physical strength and reduce insulin resistance; Maintain a healthy mental state, pay attention to psychological balance and emotional adjustment, and reduce mental stress.
2. Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a common senile disease, which is usually caused by repeated infection and irritation of bronchi and bronchioles due to colds, smoking, physical allergies, climate change, air pollution and other reasons. Clinical manifestations include fever, chills, general pain, cough, expectoration, wheezing and other symptoms. Severe patients cough and wheeze almost all the year round and have difficulty breathing. If it continues to develop, it may be complicated with emphysema and even pulmonary heart disease, which may be life-threatening.
Prevention and treatment measures: the elderly should pay special attention to preventing colds in the season of great climate change, and seek medical advice in time after catching a cold; Usually, you should eat less or avoid cold, salty, spicy, greasy and irritating things such as cigarettes and alcohol to reduce or avoid irritation to the respiratory tract; Eat more foods with the functions of relieving cough and asthma, eliminating phlegm, warming lung and strengthening spleen, such as ginkgo, loquat, chestnut, lily, kelp, laver, etc., to enhance immunity; Open the window frequently in the living room, keep the air circulating, change and clean sheets, bedding and clothes frequently, and reduce allergens; Proper physical exercise can improve the function of respiratory system and enhance the resistance to cold and disease.
3, coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is the most common cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly people, which is mainly caused by coronary artery lesions. The root cause of the disease lies in the unreasonable diet of the patient and the disorder of lipid metabolism in the body, which leads to the deposition of blood lipids and cholesterol on the blood vessel wall, thus leading to coronary arteriosclerosis, thrombosis and blockage. Its main clinical manifestations are angina pectoris and arrhythmia caused by myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. In severe cases, myocardial infarction may occur, leading to large-scale myocardial necrosis and life-threatening.
Preventive measures: The elderly should be careful to eat or avoid greasy, scorched, spicy and cold foods, control the intake of total calories, control the intake of foods with high cholesterol and fat and sugar, and eat more vegetables that can reduce blood fat, such as celery, radish, tomato, cucumber, bitter gourd, garlic, mushrooms and kelp. Don't smoke or drink; Maintain proper physical exercise; Regular life and adequate sleep; Maintain emotional stability and avoid impatience, excitement or unhappiness; Actively prevent and treat chronic diseases in the elderly closely related to coronary heart disease, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes.
4. Diabetes
Diabetes is a disease of endocrine and metabolic system, and it is also a common senile disease. Its inducing factors are infection, obesity, less physical activity, pregnancy and environmental factors. There are clinical manifestations such as polydipsia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, emaciation and urine sugar. And can produce various chronic complications on the basis of arteriosclerosis and microangiopathy, such as diabetic heart disease, diabetic gangrene, diabetic cerebrovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy.
Preventive measures: the elderly should eat reasonably and scientifically, strictly control the intake of sugar and fat, eat less fried food and reduce the total calorie intake; Increase the amount of dietary fiber in the diet, eat more vegetables, wheat bran, beans and whole grains, and pay attention to supplementing vitamins and inorganic salts; Always keep a certain amount of exercise, promote metabolism and control weight; Relax, because various psychological imbalances will further strengthen insulin resistance, promote the occurrence of diabetes, and maintain a good attitude has a positive effect on the prevention of diabetes.
5. Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of brain dysfunction caused by organic brain injury, which can make memory, understanding, judgment, self-control and other abilities progressively degenerate, and the intelligence continues to be impaired. People with low immune function, depressed mood, ischemic cerebrovascular disease or long-term history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and heart disease are prone to this disease. Alzheimer's disease usually only shows symptoms such as memory loss and forgetfulness in the early stage, and is often mistaken for a normal aging phenomenon, which makes patients miss the best treatment opportunity.
Preventive measures: If the elderly over 60 years old often forget, they should go to the neurology department for examination and treatment in time; People with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, diabetes, stroke, ischemic cerebrovascular disease and other diseases should be found early and treated early; Eating more fish, eggs, lean meat, mushrooms, fruits and vegetables helps to increase resistance and improve memory; Avoid excessive drinking, smoking and overwork, and maintain good sleep habits; Think hard and take part in social activities and physical exercise; Open-minded and optimistic, avoiding mental depression and tension; Often do finger-related activities, such as spinning steel balls or walnuts with your fingers, handicrafts, carving, paper-cutting, playing musical instruments, etc. Promote blood circulation, enhance mental flexibility and delay the aging of brain cells.