Maybe you have a chronic disease, or your body is still strong, but in either case, falling is a risk factor that easily leads to disability of the elderly. According to statistics, the annual fall probability of people aged 65-80 and over 80 is about 30% and 50% respectively. According to the data of a medical service center in Canada in 2009, one out of every three elderly people fell once a year, and nearly half of them fell more than once, and nearly half of them were injured because of falling, with a high probability of fracture.
Professor Gao from the Institute of Geriatrics of the Ministry of Health said: "To avoid this risk, we must start from at least two aspects." One is to supplement calcium and collagen to strengthen muscles and bones and prevent osteoporosis. For example, the elderly, especially women, can add some calcium in addition to drinking more milk.
The second is to pay attention to the layout of the living room for the elderly and the arrangement of room facilities to eliminate all kinds of unsafe factors in the house. The ground should be non-slip, the passage should be free of obstacles, and all sundries should be removed. Furniture should be fixed well, and common items should be placed where they are easy to get. It is best to install handrails suitable for the elderly in toilets or passages. The height of the furniture, the height of the bed and the position of the bed should be as convenient as possible for the elderly, such as: the table is slightly lower than that used by young people, and it is appropriate to use 70-75 cm; Old people had better put a lamp beside the bed; The corridor leading to the bathroom is equipped with night lights; Prepare a flashlight at the bedside, which also has emergency function. In addition, a pair of soft shoes with non-slip heels is the best choice for the elderly.
Blockage: the stomach is afraid of blocking, and the heart is more afraid of blocking.
Traffic jam is annoying, traffic jam is sick. For the elderly, the most important thing is the digestive tract, followed by the heart.
In the human body, the digestive tract is undoubtedly the most easily blocked. Gao pointed out that sticky food is the biggest taboo for the elderly whose digestive function has declined. Most elderly people have bad teeth and heavy mouths. Soft and sweet dumplings, rice cakes and glutinous rice balls are specially designed for these characteristics of the elderly. But these foods are "easy to digest in the mouth", ranging from stomach discomfort to gastric mucosal bleeding and even intestinal obstruction. Especially for dinner, it is best for the elderly not to eat sticky food, and not to eat if they want to. Of course, one of the important indicators of unobstructed digestive tract is to eliminate constipation. To this end, the elderly should eat more crude fiber food, drink more water, do abdominal exercises at ordinary times, don't overeat at dinner, rest after meals/kloc-0.5 minutes to half an hour before going out for activities.
Not only the body passage will be blocked, but also the heart will be blocked, and the old man will also block the heart, which is even more troublesome. Xi Yingjun, a psychologist at Beijing Anding Hospital, pointed out that it is not good for your health to lose your temper or sulk secretly because you are unhappy. Especially the elderly have more negative emotions such as loneliness and inferiority, so the problem of physical boredom with emotions is more prominent.
Xi Junying suggested that in order to avoid the bad mood of the elderly, children should remember to be caring and attentive, and the elderly themselves should learn to adjust: communicate in time when encountering problems and stifle anger in the cradle; If you have anger, you should express it in time, such as "losing your temper with humor" and learn to laugh at yourself. Take part in more club activities and cultivate hobbies at ordinary times, which can also prevent bad mood from coming to you.
Independence: not living alone, not alone.
Young people usually like to live in a room alone, but old people are most afraid of the loneliness of living in a room alone. This kind of life, which nobody says or cares about, "a lock when you go out, a light when you come in", brings both physical and psychological harm. Even the news that "the old man who lived alone died for months before he was discovered" is not new.
Li Juan, director of the Research Center for Elderly Psychology of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out that the loneliness of the elderly stems from the insecurity caused by the decline of various abilities. To reduce this negative emotion, according to the escort theory, they should be supported by three circles, namely, children and family, friends, neighbors and other people they can contact in life.
"Now some young people feel that after their parents retire, they can eat and drink at home. They usually have many hobbies and live a very chic life. There is no need to always care about them. " Li Juan said, in fact, this idea is wrong. A survey on national mental health shows that family care is the most important for widowed elderly people; For the old couple, because of the basic family care, the support of friends is relatively prominent. But in any case, care between old friends can't replace affection.
Therefore, in addition to the elderly's conscious contact with society, young people should "go home often." Li Juan said that it's okay to watch the old people buy some gifts, but it must not become a form. "You always attach a card to a friend's gift. How can I give it to the old man when it's dry? "While taking out gifts, don't forget to talk about the past and remind the old people of their strong and young state, which is very beneficial to help them regain their self-confidence and stimulate an optimistic attitude.
In addition, it is best not to let widowed old people live alone. If you have to, you should also set up a telephone shortcut for the elderly to contact family, relatives and neighbors in advance, and invite neighbors or residential property personnel to visit. Of course, the most important thing is to try to go back.
Leak: Do not leak the drug test.
Professor Ma Changsheng from the Department of Cardiology, anzhen hospital, Capital Medical University, said that cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are a problem that most elderly people have to face. According to the data of the World Health Organization, there are more than 3 million deaths due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China every year, among which the main reasons are missed diagnosis, missed medication and missed treatment.
"Many people think that elderly people with these basic diseases should avoid anger and anxiety to prevent blood pressure from rising and even lead to sudden death. In fact, the probability of getting sick is not particularly high. Even if it happens, it is because indicators such as blood pressure are not in place. " Ma Changsheng believes that the key to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is to seek "stability", that is, no leakage in medication, no leakage in monitoring and no leakage in timely follow-up of the disease. As long as the above premise is guaranteed, even if you lose your temper occasionally, worrying once will not cause particularly serious consequences.
Procrastination: a minor illness becomes a serious illness.
This situation is more common in the elderly, for example, it is not uncommon for a small cold to drag into severe pneumonia. Gao said that the elderly have low immunity, poor adaptability and self-regulation ability. Therefore, once a cold is not treated in time, it can easily turn into a respiratory infection, which is life-threatening. What is more troublesome is that after the elderly are infected and inflamed by pathogens, the clinical signs are usually atypical, and mental fatigue often occurs, which is difficult to attract attention and attention, delaying the illness, and sometimes minor illnesses drag on to serious illnesses.
Therefore, Gao suggested that the elderly and their relatives should know more about geriatric diseases. If the elderly feel weak, weak and listless, they should be recuperated in time. If it's your first cold, you can take cold granules, drink more water, have more rest and have a light diet. If the condition does not improve after conditioning, and there are symptoms such as cough, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible so as not to delay your illness. "Autumn goes to winter, winter goes to spring, which is the most vulnerable season for the elderly. Pay special attention to health care."
In addition to the five words emphasized above, the elderly also avoid "fierceness" and "urgency". Gao pointed out that many times, elderly people with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or cervical spondylosis will fall down because they are in a hurry to stand up and suddenly change their posture. So the elderly should get up slowly and work hard.