In Huangdi Neijing, five grains are considered as "japonica rice, adzuki bean, wheat, soybean and millet", while in Mencius Teng Wengong, they are called "rice, millet, millet, wheat and rice" and also called "barley, wheat, rice, adzuki bean and flax" in Buddhist sacrifices. At present, the general "whole grains" refer to rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, potatoes, etc., while grains other than rice and flour are customarily called whole grains, so whole grains also refer to food crops. Grain: the general term for food crops. "Five Grains" is spoken in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. "The Analects of Confucius": "The four bodies are not diligent, and the grains are not divided." But there are different explanations. One is millet, millet, wheat and rice. Speaking of millet, millet, wheat, millet, marijuana. The main difference between these two statements is whether there is rice or hemp. The reason for the inconsistency was that there were more than five kinds of crops at that time, as evidenced by the existence of the theory of "100 grains", "6 grains" and "9 grains", and the varieties of crops were different from place to place. The popularity of the theory of "five grains" is obviously caused by the influence of five elements. Therefore, generally speaking, grain refers to several major food crops. Compared with rice, millet contains more nutrients such as protein, fat and vitamins, and is rich in nicotinic acid and carotene, which is suitable for parturient and children. Sweet and salty, it has the functions of tonifying deficiency, invigorating spleen and kidney, clearing away deficiency and heat, promoting diuresis and benefiting spleen and stomach, and can treat spleen and stomach weakness, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting. Has the effects of nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, and can be used for treating thirst, xerostomia, soreness of waist and knees, damp heat, diarrhea, dysuria, tiredness, dysuria or diarrhea. It can also be used externally to treat erysipelas, scald and burn. Glutinous rice contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus and iron; Vitamin B 1, B2 and nicotinic acid, etc. Sweet and warm in nature, it can warm the spleen and stomach, and benefit the lungs and qi. It has the effects of tonifying middle warmer, treating spontaneous sweating, night sweats, diarrhea, benefiting lung, warming stomach, invigorating spleen, treating polydipsia, polyuria, detoxicating, and treating acne, rash, carbuncle and furuncle. This product is sticky and difficult to digest. People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should not eat more, and patients should cook porridge or paste. Corn contains starch, fat, vitamin B 1, B 12, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and biotin; Although it is rich in protein, it lacks some essential amino acids and is not suitable for long-term administration alone. Contains a lot of unsaturated fatty acids and lecithin, which is beneficial to lowering cholesterol; Sweet and flat, it can regulate appetite, reduce turbidity and promote diuresis; Can be used for treating hypertension, hyperlipidemia, urinary calculi, and cholecystolithiasis. The contents of starch and fat in wheat are similar to those in rice, while the contents of protein and calcium are much higher than those in rice. It also contains B vitamins and vitamin E, especially vitamin E, which contains choline, lecithin and arginine and can enhance memory. It also contains calcium, phosphorus, iron and enzymes that help digestion; Sweet, salty and cool, it can tonify deficiency, strengthen spleen and stomach, clear deficiency and heat, promote diuresis and nourish kidney. Deficiency of spleen and stomach and senile gonorrhea can be taken. It has the effect of nourishing heart and reducing fever, so that body fluids are not disturbed by fire, and can be used to treat irritability, insomnia and dirty dryness. Buckwheat contains carbohydrates, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B 1, nicotinic acid and so on. Sweet and cool in nature, it has the effects of appetizing, relaxing bowels and resolving food stagnation. Can be used for constipation, damp-heat diarrhea, etc. External use can also treat burns and fire injuries. In addition, because it is rich in minerals, especially phosphorus, iron and magnesium, it is of great significance to maintain the normal physiological function of human hematopoietic system. The content of protein, fat and dietary fiber in sorghum is higher than that in rice. Sweet, astringent and warm, it can strengthen the spleen and stomach, promote digestion, and stop diarrhea. It is often suitable for children with dyspepsia, spleen and stomach deficiency and thin stool. Sweet potato Sweet potato is not only rich in starch and soluble sugar, but also contains protein, fatty acids, vitamins, amino acids and inorganic salts such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. Except fat, its nutritional components are higher than rice and white flour, and its calorific value is higher than many food crops. In addition, sweet potato is a kind of physiological alkaline food, which can neutralize the acidic substances produced by meat, eggs, rice and noodles, so it can adjust the acid-base balance of human body. Sweet taste, non-toxic, nourishing spleen and stomach, nourishing heart and benefiting qi, promoting lactation, removing blood stasis and detoxifying. Japanese scientists have found that it has anti-cancer and health care functions and is known as the "king of anti-cancer". It is also found that sweet potato is rich in mucin, which can not only keep the lubrication in joint cavity, but also keep the elasticity of human cardiovascular wall, prevent atherosclerosis, reduce subcutaneous fat, prevent the atrophy of liver and kidney connective tissue and improve the immune ability of the body. Five grains-five grains of rice: choose five kinds of miscellaneous grains as rice. Such as: 200 grams of rice, millet, sorghum rice, barley and red beans each, forming a whole grain rice. Eight-treasure porridge: cooked with different miscellaneous grains, it can be matched with seasonal miscellaneous grains, nuts and fruits according to different seasons and personal tastes. Different formulas of eight-treasure porridge have different nutritional components. Corn: Corn contains more linoleic acid, multivitamins, cellulose and various minerals, especially magnesium and selenium, which has comprehensive health care functions. In recent years, it has been found that corn contains a longevity factor-glutathione, which can produce glutathione oxidase with the participation of selenium, and has anti-aging and anti-aging effects. In addition to being eaten directly, corn can also be mixed with other miscellaneous grains and processed into tortillas, tortillas, corn steamed bread and corn porridge ... Buckwheat: Different from others, buckwheat contains "rutin", which can reduce cholesterol in human blood and protect blood vessels. Nepalese at the southern foot of the Himalayas. Not only eat a lot of buckwheat noodles, but also eat tender stems and leaves of buckwheat, while local residents rarely suffer from hypertension. Oats: In recent years, linoleic acid has been found in oats, and the linoleic acid in 50 grams of oats is equivalent to 10 "Maitong", so oats can inhibit the increase of cholesterol. It is reported that a related study in the United States confirmed that eating 60 grams of oats every day can reduce cholesterol by an average of 3%. British research shows that drinking a bowl of oatmeal every morning can reduce the death rate of heart disease by 6%. Many enzymes contained in oatmeal have strong vitality and help to delay cell aging. Xiaomi: Also known as "Xiaomi". Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty recorded: "Millet is salty, slightly cold, non-toxic, nourishing kidney and benefiting qi, and removing the heat of spleen and stomach. Supplementing qi, treating stomach heat, quenching thirst and diuresis ",has high nutritional value. The content of unit calorie, protein and fat is higher than that of wheat flour and rice, and it also contains calcium, iron, phosphorus and carotene. The cellulose content is only 8.6% lower than that of oats and close to that of brown rice. Beans-Soybeans: Soybeans are rich in protein, fat, lecithin, choline and vitamins. Compared with other foods, soybean alone in protein is 1 times more than lean meat, 2 times more than eggs and 1 times more than milk. Soybean is sweet in taste and flat in nature, which can "promote diuresis to reduce swelling, remove stomach heat and relieve stranguria." Blood stasis and internal cold accumulate in five internal organs. , is a good diet. According to research, saponins in soybean can delay human aging; Lecithin in soybean can remove cholesterol from blood vessel wall; Maintain vascular softening; Inhibition of insulin in soybean has a certain effect on diabetes; The phosphorus content in soybean is considerable, which is very beneficial to the brain. People with neurasthenia and physical weakness should eat regularly. Soybean is rich in iron, which is beneficial to patients with iron deficiency anemia. Mung bean Mung bean is rich in vitamins A, B and C, which has the functions of relieving exterior syndrome and lowering blood pressure, and has a good effect on fatigue, swelling and urination. Mung beans have high nutritional value and can be said to be full of treasures. Like mung bean powder can cure sores, swelling and burns; Mung bean skin can improve eyesight; Mung bean sprouts can also relieve alcoholism. Drinking mung bean soup often in summer can not only increase nutrition, but also have certain curative effect on nephritis, diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, gastroenteritis, pharyngolaryngitis and decreased vision. Because mung beans are cold, people with weak spleen and stomach should not eat more; It is not appropriate to eat between low blood pressure and female physiology. In addition, mung beans should not be overcooked, so as not to destroy organic acids and vitamins, and reduce the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxifying. Red beans and red beans have high medicinal and health care functions. Red beans can clear away heat and toxic materials, strengthen the spleen and stomach, induce diuresis and reduce swelling, and ventilate and relieve annoyance. Can be used for treating dysuria, spleen edema, beriberi, etc. People have attached importance to them since ancient times. Li Shizhen called red beans "the valley of the heart". If red beans and carp are eaten in soup, they can play a dietetic role in edema, beriberi and dysuria. It can also treat liver cirrhosis, liver ascites and complement deficiency; The soup made of red beans and winter melon is a good diet for edema all over the body; Red beans cooked with lentils and coix seed can treat diarrhea. In addition, adzuki bean can also be used with traditional Chinese medicine, such as adzuki bean with forsythia and angelica soup, which can treat liver abscess; Red beans with dandelion and licorice soup can treat intestinal pain. Broad bean Broad bean contains calcium, zinc, manganese and other important components that regulate brain and nerve tissue, and is rich in choline, which has the functions of strengthening memory and strengthening brain. Vitamin C in broad bean can delay arteriosclerosis, and crude fiber in broad bean skin can reduce cholesterol and promote intestinal peristalsis. However, broad beans are greasy, and the weak with stomach-qi deficiency are prone to flatulence if they eat too much, so it is not advisable to eat more. In addition, broad beans contain allergens, and people with allergies will have different degrees of allergies, silver screen hemolysis and other poisoning symptoms, which is also commonly known as "silkworm disease." This is due to the lack of an enzyme in the body, which is a genetic defect. People who are allergic to broad beans can't eat any more. Wandou Wandou contains protein, fat, sugar, phosphorus, iron, carotene, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, nicotinic acid and other ingredients. Peas have the effects of invigorating spleen and stomach, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, and relieving stranguria and diarrhea. Black bean Black bean is rich in nutrition and is the king of beans, commonly known as the flower of nutrition. Ancient health experts regarded it as a recipe to avoid the valley: "Swallow 14 black beans every morning, which is called the valley of the five internal organs and lasts forever." Black beans have the effects of invigorating spleen and kidney, nourishing yin and promoting blood circulation, calming nerves and improving eyesight, inducing diuresis and treating stranguria, and clearing away heat and toxic materials. Taking black beans for a long time can prevent the skin from producing dark spots and make the skin tender and shiny. Rhizome-sweet potato: the combination of various vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids helps to prevent the formation of cholesterol in the blood and prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Starch and cellulose in sweet potato can absorb a lot of water in the intestine, increase the volume of feces, prevent constipation and reduce the occurrence of intestinal cancer. Sweet potato is an alkaline food, which can neutralize excessive acidic substances produced by acidic foods and prevent acidification of blood and body fluids. Sweet potato can also reduce subcutaneous fat, avoid obesity and prevent the occurrence of collagen disease. Onion: In the nutrient composition table of food, the nutrient composition of onion is not high. Because it contains some physiologically active substances, it has health care function. Like garlic, the main physiological active substances of onion are sulfur-containing compounds such as allicin (so onion smells like garlic) and antioxidant substances such as selenium, so it is also considered to have bactericidal effect, and is beneficial to enhancing immunity, anticancer, reducing blood lipid and promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis. Carrot: It is rich in vitamins and calcium, which is very helpful for beauty and health. Carrots are rich in carotene, vitamin b 1, b2, C, D, E, K, folic acid, calcium and dietary fiber, which are almost comparable to American comprehensive vitamin pills. Potato: Chinese protein is better than soybean, and it is closest to animal protein. Potatoes are also rich in lysine and tryptophan, which are incomparable to ordinary grains. Potatoes are also foods rich in potassium, zinc and iron. The potassium contained in it can prevent cerebral vascular rupture. The content of protein and vitamin C in it is 10 times that of apple, and the content of vitamin B 1, B2, iron and phosphorus is also much higher than that of apple. From a nutritional point of view, its nutritional value is equivalent to 3.5 times that of apples. Compared with rice, potatoes produce less calories and only contain 0. 1% fat. If you take it as a staple food and insist on eating only potatoes every day, it will be very effective for losing excess fat. Eating an average of five to six potatoes a week can reduce the risk of stroke by 40% without any side effects. Potatoes have the functions of regulating stomach, regulating middle energizer, invigorating spleen and benefiting qi, and also have therapeutic effects on gastric ulcer, habitual constipation, hot cough and skin eczema. The fiber contained in potatoes is tender, which has no stimulating effect on gastrointestinal mucosa and can relieve pain or reduce gastric acid secretion. Eating potatoes regularly has become an adjuvant therapy to prevent and treat gastric cancer. Pumpkin: Rich in sugar and starch, but low in protein and fat. The nutritional value of pumpkin mainly lies in its rich vitamins, among which the higher contents are carotene 2.4mg%, vitamin B 1 0.05mg%, vitamin B2 0.06mg% and vitamin C5 mg%. In addition, it contains a certain amount of iron and phosphorus. These substances play an important role in maintaining the physiological function of the body. Recently, it has also been found that there is also a "cobalt" component in pumpkin, which has the function of enriching blood after eating. Pumpkin is rich in vitamins A, B, C and minerals, 8 essential amino acids and histidine, soluble fiber, lutein and trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and silicon. Modern nutrition and medicine show that eating more pumpkins can effectively prevent and treat hypertension, diabetes and liver diseases and improve human immunity. Make the stool smooth and the skin rich, especially for women, and have a beauty effect. Regulation of miscellaneous grains on other diseases Rice, also known as japonica rice, has the effects of tonifying the middle energizer, strengthening the spleen and stomach and removing polydipsia. In spring and autumn, the climate is dry Drinking rice porridge for your baby in the morning and evening can keep your baby away from dry mouth. Millet, also known as millet, has the function of strengthening the spleen and regulating the stomach, and is suitable for infants with spleen-stomach deficiency heat, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and physical weakness after illness. When millet cooks porridge, there will be a tiny sticky substance floating on it, commonly known as "rice oil". Chinese medicine believes that rice oil is extremely rich in nutrition and has the strongest nourishing power, and there is a saying that "rice oil can replace ginseng soup". Babies with recurrent diarrhea are more suitable for cooking millet porridge for a long time, which is very helpful for restoring intestinal digestive function. Wheat Wheat has the effects of invigorating spleen and kidney, nourishing heart and calming nerves. Wheat bran contains high dietary fiber, which has a preventive effect on baby constipation. Corn has the functions of strengthening the spleen, promoting diuresis, stimulating appetite, improving intelligence, calming the heart and promoting blood circulation. American scientists also found that eating corn can stimulate brain cells and enhance human memory. Eating more corn can not only improve the baby's gastrointestinal function, but also contribute to intellectual development. Sorghum Sorghum has the function of strengthening spleen and stomach. When children have indigestion, take a proper amount of sorghum, fry it in a pot, remove the shell and grind it into powder, and take 2-3 grams each time to increase digestion ability. However, sorghum is warm and contains tannic acid with astringent and antidiarrheal effects, which is not suitable for baby constipation. Whole grains are also "medicinal" ◆ Wheat contains calcium, phosphorus, iron, amylase and maltase to help digestion, and is also rich in vitamin E, which is an essential nutrient to protect the normal function of human blood, heart and nerves. In addition, eating wheat often can also enhance memory, nourish the heart and soothe the nerves. ◆ Millet is sweet and slightly cold, and has the effects of strengthening the spleen, eliminating dampness and calming the nerves. Corn cellulose is 4- 10 times higher than polished rice and refined flour. Cellulose can accelerate intestinal peristalsis, eliminate the factors of colorectal cancer, reduce cholesterol absorption and prevent coronary heart disease. Corn can also absorb some glucose in human body, which can relieve diabetes. ◆ Soybean is sweet in taste and flat in nature, and has the functions of strengthening the spleen, relieving middle energizer, moistening dryness and promoting diuresis, and can be used for the adjuvant treatment of malnutrition, diarrhea, abdominal distension and emaciation, pregnancy poisoning, sores and swelling, traumatic bleeding, etc. ◆ Cowpea is sweet, and has the effects of invigorating spleen and promoting diuresis, clearing away heat and toxic materials, stopping bleeding and quenching thirst. Chinese medicine regards cowpea as a dietotherapy for nephropathy. Cowpea can tonify five internal organs, replenish qi, regulate middle energizer and dredge meridians. ◆ Barley is slippery, so it is often eaten with japonica rice, and can also be ground into cakes for noodles; You can also make tea or beer. The starch content of barley is slightly lower than that of rice and wheat, while protein, calcium, B vitamins and other substances are much higher than that of rice, which has the function of invigorating spleen and stimulating appetite. Malt tastes sweet, warms the stomach, helps digestion, relieves qi, and restores milk.