1. One light. The elderly should have a wide diet, do not have a partial eclipse, do not like meat, mix meat and vegetables, and pay equal attention to coarse grains in flour and rice, so as to maintain a balanced nutrition.
2. Suitable temperature. Food should not be too hot, otherwise it will burn the esophagus and stomach and easily induce esophageal and gastric cancer, but too cold will easily damage the spleen and stomach and affect digestion and absorption.
3. It should be soft and rotten. Old people have poor digestive function and their teeth will gradually fall off. At this time, whether it is staple food, meat or other porridge dishes, they should be cooked soft and rotten for the elderly to digest.
4. It should be light. Old people should eat less salt and be light, especially those with hypertension, so as not to affect digestion.
5. It should be fresh and clean. It is best for the elderly not to eat overnight food, nor to eat food stored in the refrigerator for too long. Especially in summer, don't eat unclean food to avoid causing digestive tract diseases.
6. Eat less and eat more. When people are old, their digestive function is weakened, and overeating is the most unfavorable to the spleen and stomach, so they should eat in moderation and eat less and more meals. A small amount of nourishing food can be added between meals, such as tremella soup, protein soup and lotus seed soup.
7. It is advisable to chew slowly. Chewing slowly can increase saliva secretion, help digestion, reduce the burden of gastrointestinal function and kill bacteria.
8. It should be early. Old people should have three meals early. Especially for dinner, don't eat too much. You should eat something digestible, such as porridge and soup. Old people had better fall asleep within 2 hours after supper.
9. I ching. The elderly should have a quiet dining environment to avoid bad stimulation during and after meals affecting gastrointestinal peristalsis and digestion.
10. It should be avoided. Taboos are mainly about the diet and diseases of the elderly. For example, patients with stomach heat and boils should not eat spicy food, such as raw onions, garlic, peppers and so on. Patients with hyperlipidemia should fast animal viscera and animal fat and eat less fat; Patients with stomach cold should fast, cold and greasy; Kidney disease should limit the intake of protein; Diabetes should avoid sugar and eat less sweets.
Healthy echo wall
Because people's viscera will change with the seasons, the diet of the elderly should also pay attention to the seasonal changes. Generally speaking, the four seasons diet of the elderly should pay attention to the following aspects:
1. Spring: The elderly should have a poor diet and eat more millet, barley, herring, day lily, celery, radish and honey.
2. Summer: The diet of the elderly should be based on strengthening the stomach, relieving summer heat and eliminating dampness. At this time, the elderly should eat more mung beans, tofu, crucian carp, lotus root, watermelon, bitter gourd and other foods, and eat less sweet and greasy food.
3. Autumn: the climate turns cool and dry, and the diet of the elderly should be dry and sour. You can eat more japonica rice, barley, lentils, eggs, lilies, turtles, jellyfish, honey and so on. And avoid spicy food. 4. Winter: The elderly suffer from loss of yin and sperm, lack of Yin Qi and tepid limbs. At this time, the elderly should choose foods that strengthen the heart and strengthen the kidney, such as glutinous rice, soybeans, mutton, sheep kidney, dog meat, herring, longan, leek, black sesame and so on.
Water, the elixir of life for the elderly
Master notes
Old people often have the phenomenon of insufficient body fluid, such as constipation, decreased urine, dry skin, insomnia and upset, dry mouth, or insufficient body fluid with red tongue. Old people often forget to drink water because they don't like drinking water, or because they have poor memory or have encephalopathy, so they should keep the habit of drinking less many times a day. Li Shizhen, a medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty, said: "Water is the source of all things, and if you don't go, you will be exhausted. Water is the origin of life. A person can go without food for one year, but he can't go without water for three days. " Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, also said: "Water is the lifeblood." Water is an important part of human body, its content accounts for about 70% of the total weight of human body, and it is a necessary substance for human physiological metabolism.
"Man is a walking water bag." Life processes such as food digestion, absorption, blood circulation and waste excretion in the human body are inseparable from water. Therefore, Mr. Li Furen also suggested that the elderly should drink plenty of water to facilitate the digestion and absorption of food, reduce constipation, dry skin, itching, neurasthenia, dry mouth and other symptoms, and make urine unobstructed and metabolism normal. At the same time, water can also prevent some common diseases in the elderly, such as stroke caused by ischemic cerebral infarction, which accounts for more than half of acute cerebrovascular diseases, especially in the elderly, often occurring at night. Due to atherosclerosis, lumen stenosis, hyperactivity of vagus nerve at night, slow blood flow and thickening of blood, ischemic cerebral infarction is prone to occur. Old people who don't drink water often and have increased nocturia can drink a cup of boiled water before going to bed and in the middle of the night, which can reduce blood viscosity and prevent or reduce ischemic stroke to a great extent.
In addition, water can also prevent cancer. Foreign experts believe that drinking 2.5 liters of water every day can reduce the number and time of contact between carcinogens and the inner wall of bladder and reduce the incidence of bladder cancer. In addition, drinking a cup of boiling water every morning can clean the gastrointestinal tract, remove chyme remaining between the folds of digestive tract mucosa, promote intestinal peristalsis, soften feces, accelerate excretion, and reduce the stimulation of chyme and harmful substances and carcinogens in feces to gastrointestinal mucosa, which can not only relieve constipation, prevent habitual constipation, but also prevent digestive tract cancer. Li Lao suggested that the elderly should drink water slowly to avoid coughing. Especially for the elderly who suffer from edema, heart disease, kidney disease and hypertension, they must drink less in many cases.
Healthy echo wall
Drinking water is the simplest way to maintain, but drinking bad water can not only play a role in health care, but also cause harm to the body. So be sure to know which water is good for your health and which water is harmful to your health.
1. The water temperature below 30℃ is the best.
Warm water below 30℃ is more in line with the physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract, and will not excessively stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, causing vasoconstriction or stimulating peristalsis.
2. Salt water is good in the morning and honey water is good at night.
As the old saying goes, "salt water in the morning, honey at night". According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, salt water belongs to the kidney meridian. If you drink a glass of light salt water in the morning, you can maintain the spirit of the day. Drinking a cup of honey with warm boiled water (no more than 60℃) at night can nourish the spleen and stomach and promote health.