Name of the work: stepping out of Xiamen; alias of the work: Jieshi stepping out of Xiamen; Creation year: Origin of the Eastern Han Dynasty: Cao Caoji's literary genre: Four-character poem author: Cao Cao's original work, annotation translation, sentence annotation, vernacular translation, creation background, work appreciation, overall appreciation, famous experts' comments, author profile, original work stepping out of Xiamen (1), surpassing Jiujiang's height. Look at the similarities and differences, hesitate, don't know what to do? After going to Jieshi (3), I was very disappointed with the East China Sea. Looking at the sea "Walking out of Xiamen" Standing on the eastern Jieshi to see the sea (4). What is water? [5] There are mountains and islands. Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging. The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean. A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise. Fortunately, occasionally, it takes a while to sing. Winter October Meng Dong October, the north wind lingering, sunny weather, drizzle in first frost. Pheasants sing in the morning, swans fly south, ostriches hide, and bears live in caves. Qian Qi stopped at ⑽, and the farm had a bumper harvest. ⑾ Establish communication with Jia merchants in reverse driving ⑿. Fortunately, even! Sing with ambition. The soil is different, the country is different, and the river is in the middle of winter. The ship is difficult to sail. If the cone does not penetrate the ground, it will be deep. When the water runs out, the ice will dance. The hermit is poor, brave and chivalrous. The heart often sighs and complains, which makes people sad. Fortunately, even! Sing with ambition. Although the tortoise has a long life, it has its moments. Snake riding fog [16], it turned out to be dust. An old horse crouches tiger, aiming at a thousand miles; The martyrs were full of courage in their later years. The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky; You can live forever. Fortunately, even! Sing with ambition. Xiamen: It used to be the city gate at the western end of Luoyang city. The Han Dynasty was called Xiamen, and the Wei and Jin Dynasties was called Great Xiamen. ⑵ Jiujiang: refers to Jingzhou area. High: Waterfront highland. ⑶ Jieshi: the name of a mountain near the Bohai Sea in the north of Changli County, Hebei Province. (4) sea: the sea. The sea is blue, so it is called the sea. ⑸ (dàn) ⑸: The water waves are surging. [6] Zhi: tall and straight. "Qi" is the same as "Song". ⑺ "Fortunately" sentence: This sentence is attached to match the rhythm of music, and it is at the back of each chapter and has nothing to do with the text. ⑻ (kūn) Chicken: The name of a bird, which is shaped like a crane and has yellow and white feathers. ⑼ (zhi) bird: A fierce bird. ⑽ Qian Qi (bó): the names of two ancient agricultural tools, which generally refer to agricultural tools here. ⑾ Anti-tour: Inn. ⑿ Jia () Shang: a businessman. Jia, have a seat. Merchants, merchants. [13] Flow (sο): Ice flowing when the river thaws. [14] [14] (Fē ng): It's the same as the ancient "",radish. Lài: mugwort. ⒂ soil: a "scholar". Hide: sadness. [14] Tengshe: A legendary dragon-like deity who can fly clouds and break fog. One is "poisonous snake". ⒄ Ji (φ): A good horse, a swift horse. Li √: Manager. ⒅ Martyr: A man with great ambitions. Old age: old age. Trick surplus and contraction: refers to the length of life. Surplus, full, extended to long. Shrink, lose, extend to short. ⒇ Nourishing: it refers to conditioning the body and mind and maintaining physical and mental health. Hey, happy, happy again. At the beginning of vernacular translation, Yan planned to go south to Jingzhou and give the stone to Jiangnan people. Faced with two different opinions about the Northern Expedition and the Southern Expedition, I hesitated and didn't know what to do. After I arrived in Jieshi, I was even more sad to see the oppression suffered by the people. Look at the sea and go eastward to the top of Jieshi Mountain, overlooking the vast sea. The sea is misty and the mountain road is majestic. The trees on the island are lush, the autumn wind is rustling and the sea is surging. Swing the sea, connected with the sky, the sun and the moon seem to run in the sea, and the milky way seems to rise from the sea. Luckily, I can sing my ambition and mood with poetry. /kloc-winter in early October/kloc-winter in early October, the north wind roared, the atmosphere was cold, the weather was cold, and the frost was thick and dense. In the morning, harriers and birds are singing, geese are flying south, raptors are hiding, and even bears are sleeping in their caves. Farmers put down their money, hoes and other farm tools and stopped working. The harvested crops are piled up in grain fields, and hotels are arranged to provide accommodation for traveling businessmen. How lucky I am to be here, reciting poems to express my feelings. The soil here is very different from the land south of the Yellow River. In the middle of winter, ice floats in the river, making it difficult for ships to move forward; The land is too cold to be pierced with an awl, and the field is barren and covered with dry and dense vines and absinthe. The river is frozen and does not flow, and there is hard ice on it, so people can walk. A man of insight is down and out, a brave man is ruthless, and he doesn't care about breaking the law at will. I sigh and resent this, and my heart is full of sadness and sorrow. Although the tortoise has a long life span, it still has its end. Although Teng snake can fly in the fog, it will eventually die and turn to ashes. The old swift horse is squatting in the stable, and its ambition is still to travel thousands of miles every day. People with lofty ideals will never stop their ambition to make progress in their later years. The length of a person's life is not just determined by heaven. As long as you take care of yourself, you can live longer. Very lucky. Use singing to express your thoughts and feelings. Creation background: This group of poems is regarded as the road to the northern expedition of Wuhuan in 2007 in the twelfth year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, warlords fought for the Central Plains, and Wuhuan, who lived in western Liaoning, was powerful, attacking cities and plundering land in the south, which became a serious border problem in Hebei. In the tenth year of Jian 'an (205), Cao Cao destroyed Yuan Shao's ruling foundation in Hebei, and Yuan Shao vomited blood and died. His sons, Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang, fled to Wuhuan and colluded with Wuhuan nobles many times. At that time, Cao Cao was in a disadvantageous position between the north and the south: Liu Biao and Liu Bei occupied Jingxiang in the south, and yuan brothers and Wuhuan in the north. In order to get rid of the passive situation, Cao Cao adopted the advice of Guo Jia, a counselor, and led his army northward in the summer of the twelfth year of Jian 'an, ending in May and July. In autumn, there was a flood, and the road by the sea was impassable. Later, he accepted Tian Chou's suggestion and changed his course flatly. After Xu Wushan, he went to the Cylon, pointing to Liucheng, and won the first world war. I returned to Li smoothly in September and passed through Jieshi and other places, borrowing the old title of Yuefu's "Out of Xiamen" and writing this group of poems. Appreciation of Works The overall appreciation of Out of Xiamen, also known as Longxi West, belongs to Xiang Ru Ge Tone Qu in Han Yuefu. There are only two ancient words: "People in the city are easy, and the tomb of a thousand years old is flat" (see Shan Li's note in Selected Works). Yuefu Poems also records the old saying "Go astray and stay empty", a story about how to become an immortal. This article by Cao Cao, Records of Le Shu in the Song Dynasty, is listed as a Daqu with the title Jieshi Stepping out of Xiamen. Judging from the content of the poem, it has nothing to do with the meaning of the topic, so it can be seen that it is just writing current affairs through ancient inscriptions. Poetry begins with the word "Yan", that is, overture and overture, which is the introduction of singing. The following text is divided into four chapters: watching the sea, October winter, strange land and turtle life. The first two paragraphs of "Viewing the Sea" show the position of "viewing the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi Mountain, high in the sea, with a wide field of vision and a panoramic view of the magnificent sea. The following ten descriptions are almost all derived from this. "The water is full of water, and the mountains and islands are all scenery" is the general impression of seeing the sea at the beginning, which is a bit like a thick line in the painting. In this rippling sea, the first thing you see is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat and wide sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences roughly outline the prospect of the sea, which will be described in depth at different levels below. The second sentence, "Trees are full of vegetation", specifically describes this mountainous island: although the autumn wind is bleak and the vegetation is withered, the trees on the island are full of vegetation, giving people a poetic feeling. The sentence "The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough" is a further description of the sentence "What is water?". A closer look shows that the sea surface in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave. Here, although it is a typical autumn environment, it is not as bleak and desolate as autumn. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author wrote the vastness and magnificence of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea is rough and meets the sky; The mountain island is tall and straight, with lush vegetation and no fading and sentimental artistic conception. This new realm and new style just reflect his "martyr" mind. The previous description is observed from the sea. "The trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; The four sentences, "If the stars are brilliant, if they are out of the sky", relate to the world and present the momentum and strength of the sea to readers: the vast sea is connected with the sky, empty and muddy; In front of this magnificent sea, the sun, the moon, the stars and the Han (the Milky Way) are all small, and their operation seems to be freely absorbed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also his own imagination and exaggeration, showing the magnificent atmosphere of the universe and full of the momentum of "five mountains rising from the ground". This kind of "cage cover breathing atmosphere" is the artistic realm of the poet's "eyes" and "chest". From the heart, if the poet had no grand political ambition, no ambition to make contributions, and no optimistic attitude full of confidence in the future, he would never have written such a magnificent poetic scene. Some people used to say that Cao Cao's poems were "domineering" (in Shen Deqian), which meant that works like Looking at the Sea, Winter October, was written in early winter October, a little later than Looking at the Sea, and it was about the scenic spots on the way home. Generally, it can be divided into two sections. The first eight sentences are about the climate and scenery in early winter. The north wind keeps blowing, the frost is thick and dense, pheasants are singing in the morning, geese are flying in the south, raptors are hiding in hiding, bears are sleeping in caves, and the cold reveals peace and tranquility. The fourth sentence is the second paragraph, focusing on personnel. Agricultural tools have been idle, harvested crops are full of grain fields, and hotels are being arranged to provide accommodation for businessmen coming and going. This is a very beautiful painting. The poet wrote about the weather and phenology in early winter in the north. Because he was there personally, he was able to choose a typical example, but he wrote it with little pen and ink, but it was true and appropriate. Among them, farming and business are especially written, which is rare in Han and Wei poetry. This poem reflects the life of people in some post-war areas and the poet's ideal of national unity, political stability and economic prosperity. Zhu Gan said: "The winter in October tells the story of its journey, weather and phenology, as well as the story from autumn to winter. Although I am a soldier, I don't forget civil affairs. " The book "Different Land", He, describes the cold situation and folk customs in winter north of the Yellow River. After the northern expedition to Wuhuan, the poet returned to Jizhou and found that the land here was very different from the land south of the Yellow River. At the beginning, it was a cold situation: at the end of winter, ice was floating in the river, making it difficult for ships to move forward; The land is too cold to be pierced with an awl, and the field is barren and covered with dry and dense vines and absinthe. The river is frozen and does not flow, and there is hard ice on it, so people can walk. Because these sights seen along the way are not in one place at a time, there is a difference between "floating around, it is difficult to sail" and "water is as hard as ice". "As for the characteristics of folk customs, it is important to" brave chivalry and despise non "because of worrying about poverty. A man of insight is down and out, a brave man is ruthless, and he doesn't care about breaking the law at will. This unhealthy folk custom touched the poet, who sighed and resented. Finally, he couldn't help singing two sentences, "My heart often sighs and complains, and I am sad and sorrowful", which directly expressed the constant sadness and accumulated sadness in my heart. The whole poem describes the present situation of people's livelihood and the instability of social order in Hebei Province caused by Yuan Shao's rule. Every four sentences in Guithough Shou have a meaning. At the beginning of the poem, it says, "Although the tortoise has a long life, there is still a time. "Zhuangzi Qiushui" said: "I heard that there was a tortoise in the State of Chu, and it was three thousand years old when it died. "Cao Cao did the opposite, saying that the tortoise lived for 3,000 years, but it was still inevitable to die!" Everything is wrong "records:" Flying dragons ride clouds, making snakes swim in fog, clouds stop fog, and dragons and snakes are the same! "'Teng snake' can ride like a dragon, and the skill is not too great. However, once the clouds clear, they will disappear like flies and ants. In ancient times, Qin Huang Hanwu and other great masters were seduced by the art of immortality, but Cao Cao had a clear understanding of the natural laws of life, which was valuable in the era of predicting superstition. What is more valuable is how to treat this limited life. Cao Cao swept away the tragic tone of the literati at the end of the Han Dynasty who lamented that life was like a dream and advised people to eat, drink and be merry in time, and sang generously: "An old horse crouches and aims at a thousand miles. The next year of the martyrs is full of courage. " He compared himself to an old galloping horse. Although old and frail, he was demoted to the next position, but his chest was still full of lofty sentiments. He said that people who are interested in doing something will never be depressed in their later years, and the pursuit of grand ideals will never stop. This poem begins with a sigh about the philosophy of life, followed by a strong and intense singing, and then returns to philosophical speculation: "The period of surplus and contraction is not limited to the sky; Blessings that nourish grace can last forever. "Cao Cao's outlook on life is quite dialectical. First of all, he talks about respecting the laws of nature, and people always die. Then, in a limited life, people should give full play to their subjective initiative, make positive progress and make contributions. Finally, people are not completely powerless in the face of natural laws. Although the length of a person's life cannot violate the objective laws, it is not completely given to God. If you take good care of your body and mind and make it healthy and happy, you can also live longer. Cao Cao's "pleasure in keeping fit" doesn't mean to sit still and sit back and relax, but rather that a person's mental state is the most important thing. He should not be depressed at the end of the year, but should be "full of courage"-he should have an endless pursuit of ideals and a positive spirit, always optimistic, energetic, constantly striving for self-improvement and maintain ideological youth. Cao Cao revealed the significance of human mental factors to health by personal experience, and it is also a wonderful health preservation theory in this respect. The four explanations of "going out of Xiamen" are relatively independent and incoherent. In terms of writing, the first three songs mainly describe objective scenery and integrate emotions into the scenery; The last one is the integration of philosophy, imagery and lyricism. The valuable value of this group of poems lies in opening up a new era of poetry. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty deposed hundreds of schools, respected Confucianism alone, and imprisoned the thoughts of the Han people for three or four hundred years. As a result, the literati in the Han Dynasty could not write poems, but only wrote great poems praising the achievements of emperors and endlessly annotated Confucian classics, and the literature with true feelings and individuality could not be developed. Until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world fell apart, stormy, political, ideological and cultural changes took place. As a hero in the world, Cao Cao, who loves poetry and songs, took the lead in going astray and brought a free and active atmosphere to the literary world. He is surrounded by a large number of literati, such as "Seven Scholars of Jian 'an", who live in a war-torn era and often show impassioned thoughts and feelings. As "Wen Xin Diao Long Time Series" said: "When you look at it, you are elegant and generous, good at being scattered in the world, light and vulgar, with a deep ambition and a long pen, so you are generous and full of gas. "In particular, Cao Cao wrote poems on the pommel horse, and his poems were tragic and generous, shaking ancient and modern times, unprecedented and unprecedented. This hearty poetic style was later called "Jian 'an Style", with Cao Cao as the most prominent representative. For thousands of years, Cao Cao's poems have shocked the hearts of heroes all over the world with this "generous" spirit and its inherent positive and enterprising spirit. It is this precious characteristic that makes Jian 'an literature shine brilliantly in the history of China literature. Famous experts commented on Zhang's Appreciation of Ancient Poetry in Qing Dynasty, Volume 8: "This ambition lies in capacity, but it is better than the sea." "Write the sea, you are writing it yourself." Wang Shizhen's "Poems of the Qing Dynasty" Volume 1: "The ancient landscape works are nothing like recreation and Xuancheng, and the princes of Tang, Meng and Li Du have sought their spirits." But it's not as easy to reach as Cao Cao's sentence "What are water, mountains and islands?". "Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang by Chen Ruoming in Qing Dynasty": "Famous sayings are affectionate and will make people generous through the ages. "Author profile Cao Cao (155-220), whose real name is Meng De, alias" Ayun ",is from Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). Politically and militarily, Cao Cao eliminated many separatist forces, unified most of northern China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, which laid the foundation for the founding of Cao Wei. In literature, under the impetus of Cao Cao and his son, Jian 'an literature represented by three Cao Cao (Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi) was formed, which was called "Jian 'an Style" in history and left a glorious stroke in the history of literature. After the establishment of Wei Dynasty, Cao Cao was honored as "Wei Wudi" and the temple name was "Taizu". For the deeds, see Volume 1 of the History of the Three Kingdoms. There are 30 volumes that have been lost. The Ming Dynasty compiled the Collection of Wei Wudi, and now there is the Collection of Cao Cao.