Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was the most successful emperor in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. During his administration, he reorganized the bureaucracy, devoted himself to sinicization, moved the capital to Luoyang and fought in the North, which had a far-reaching impact on the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty and China. "There is no doubt that there is no light in the left corner of the river in the white sun." This poem by TaBaHong shows that he is ambitious and never forgets the great cause of reunification between the North and the South. However, before his conquest, he was already dead, and Tuoba Hong only lived for 33 years and died. As for his untimely death, it is generally believed that he was angry when he learned that the Queen was having an affair, but it was not. The author believes that TaBaHong died of illness and fatigue.

What happened to TaBaHong? It is said that he went from "unprepared" to "seriously ill" and finally "died" in "The History of Emperor Gaozu of Shu Wei", but he didn't explain the symptoms. However, in the biographies of Tuoba Hong's doctors Xu Jian, Cheng Yuan, Yuan Xie and other recent ministers, Tuoba Hong's illness was revealed. "Shu Wei Cheng Yuanchuan Biography" said that Tuoba Hong was "sick for years and exhausted its disadvantages"; The Biography of Shu Wei Yuan Xie said that TaBaHong's strength is infinite. Biography of Shu Wei Xu Jian said that TaBaHong was "exhausted". In ancient Chinese, "Yan" means shortness of breath and weakness, that is, difficulty breathing; "Labor", like "consumption", is consumption; "Tuberculosis" also refers to consumption. Comprehensive analysis, TaBaHong suffered from tuberculosis for many years, and he was very ill.

Why did TaBaHong die young? I think there are four main reasons.

First, the Tuoba royal family has a tradition of early marriage and early childbearing. Several generations of ancestors before Tuoba Hong, such as Wen Chengdi Tuoba born to Prince Mu Jing at the age of thirteen, Emperor Tuoba born at the age of fifteen and Emperor Xiaowen born at the age of fourteen, all had children in their teens. Because of their young age and low sperm quality, it is easy to cause hereditary congenital deficiency in offspring. TaBaHong, like his ancestors, is also a man who marries early and gives birth early. He gave birth to his son Yao Yuan at the age of 0/6, and his second son Yuan Ke at the age of 0/7. And before giving birth to Yuan Ke, he had two daughters, Princess Huayang and Princess Lanling. It can be seen that TaBaHong began to set foot in the harem in his teens, preferring women. Teenagers are in the early stage of physical development. At this time, excessive sexual intercourse will easily lead to loss of qi and blood and weakness.

Second, his early experience had a great influence on Tuoba Hong's body and mind. Tuoba Hong lost his mother at the age of three (his biological mother Li was granted the death penalty according to the ancestral system of "Your mother died" in the Northern Wei Dynasty) and his father at the age of ten (his father Tuoba Hong was poisoned). In the cold winter, he was punished for "fasting for three dynasties without wearing clothes", threatened by "eating insects and filth", and was beaten with a stick for dozens of corporal punishment, even because he was too "wise" and Huangdi Neijing said: "Pity the lungs." The painful death of his biological parents and the jitters in the early days of his reign have caused serious blows and injuries to Tuoba Hong's young mind, which is not conducive to his healthy growth.

Third, Feng's luck made TaBaHong contracted lung disease. At an early age, Feng Taihou's two nieces entered the palace. One of them, Feng, later the cuckolded Tabahon, was "attractive and biased." . Soon, Feng was "sent back to China for Nepal" because of illness. Von's disease is not a common disease, but a terrible "vegetarian rash". In ancient Chinese, "vegetarian rash" means "persistent miliaria", that is, fever, which refers to lung diseases. This disease is highly contagious, and it is extremely difficult to recover, which makes people unable to avoid it. After his death, Tuoba Hong took the Feng family back to the palace in the name of "removing the rash", saying, "I love him so much, and ... imperial secretaries seldom come back to see me" (Biography of Empresses and Concubines in Shu Wei). TaBaHong is in poor health. In close contact with Feng, he finally contracted lung disease.

Fourth, fatigue aggravates TaBaHong's illness. After Tabahon took power alone, he made great efforts to govern, made great efforts in government affairs, and set off an overwhelming wave of reform. Especially on the issue of moving the capital, Hong tried his best to combine both hard and soft skills, and even wrote and performed a farce of "South Expedition" in the rain, which was exhausting and exhausting, so that "when moving the capital, TaBaHong didn't stop, and personally expedition and launched the Battle of Los Angeles". As a result, he rushed out several times and failed. Being eager for quick success and instant benefit, coupled with fatigue and anxiety, made TaBaHong's condition get worse gradually when he made another personal expedition in the 22nd year of Taihe (498) (Biography of Xu Jian in Shu Wei). Fortunately, Xu Jian's treatment improved.

TaBaHong long illness upset, courtiers slightly negligence, easily reprimanded, beheaded, even his wife and children. After moving the capital to Luoyang, the first queen Feng refused to speak Chinese and wear Hanfu, and was deposed by Tuoba Hong. The first prince of Yuanxun didn't wear Hanfu because of the hot weather. After being scolded, he launched a rebellion and was deposed and executed by TaBaHong. Congenital deficiency, trouble the day after tomorrow, hands-on, eager for success, short-tempered, easy to get angry, and usually do not pay attention to health care, so that TaBaHong's condition changed from light to heavy, so that he was unable to personally hear the case of the second queen's infidelity. He was "sick in bed" at first, and then reluctantly "holding a knife post" (Biography of Queen Shu Wei).

Some people say that TaBaHong did this because the queen made him cuckold, but it wasn't. First of all, Tuoba Hong is a hero emperor. Although he dotes on the Queen, he is not a coward who obeys Nuo Nuo, submits to humiliation, fears the Queen and cannot control her. Secondly, TaBaHong was ambitious and devoted almost all his thoughts to the great cause of reform and reunification. After years of fighting abroad, he knew that he had neglected the queen, so he didn't depose her, but locked her up. Obviously, he figured it out and forgave her betrayal. Third, TaBaHong's Testament, All the Wives and Concubines are Sent Home (Zi Tongzhi Jian) clearly allows many concubines in the harem to remarry after his death, which shows that TaBaHong is very broad-minded and is by no means the kind of petty people think.

The queen's adultery may make TaBaHong depressed for a while, but it is by no means fatal. Hong died because he knew that he was "exhausted and exhausted", and he continued to start his own business selflessly, hoping to unify the whole country and become the real emperor of China in his lifetime. As a seriously ill person, TaBaHong is desperate. In March of the 23rd year of Taihe (499), after dealing with the affair of the Queen, TaBaHong once again forced the sick body to conquer Qi in order to realize his political ambition. On the way, he was exhausted, and "his illness became very serious and unhappy" (Biography of Shu Wei's Xu Jian), and there was nothing the physician could do. In April, it was a great pity that TaBaHong, who had exhausted his life energy ahead of schedule, died of overwork and terminal illness after winning a great victory in Majuan City. (Liu Bingguang)