Plants are one of the main forms of life, including trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, ferns, green algae, lichens and other familiar creatures. The following is a scientific paper on plants that I compiled. Thank you for reading.

Papers on Plant Science and Technology —— Thoughts on Plant Quarantine

Plant quarantine is the main measure to prevent the spread of quarantine pests and protect the safety of agricultural production, and it is also the premise to protect the smooth trade of agricultural products. This paper analyzes the plant quarantine and its positive significance, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the existing problems.

Key words: plant quarantine; Forestry; sustainable development

In order to protect the forestry production, the safety of ecosystem and its sustainable development in a country or region, it is extremely necessary to take a series of comprehensive management measures for plants and their products to prevent the spread and colonization of dangerous pests, and plant quarantine is an important part of it.

I. Definition and connotation of plant quarantine

* * * Definition of plant quarantine

Plant quarantine refers to a series of comprehensive management measures to protect the forestry production and ecosystem safety of a country or region, and to prevent the spread and colonization of dangerous pests by statutory specialized agencies in accordance with relevant laws and regulations before, during and after the circulation of plants and their products in new planting or use places.

* * * II * * * The connotation of plant quarantine

The purpose of plant quarantine is to prevent dangerous pests from spreading over a long distance through human activities, trade or non-trade activities, and to protect the safety of forestry production and ecosystem in a country or region. Pests targeted by plant quarantine work refer to pests that are seriously harmful, difficult to control, mainly spread through long-distance human activities, and have not occurred in China or have occurred but are not widely distributed.

Second, the positive significance of plant quarantine

* * * 1 * * It is necessary to carry out plant quarantine to ensure the sustainable development and ecological construction of plants.

Pests and diseases restrict the sustainable development of plants to some extent. Diseases and pests run through the whole process of plant production and may be harmed at any time. The light one affects the flowering, fruiting and volume growth of trees, and the heavy one causes the whole plant and a large area of death. Plant quarantine is a preventive work, which can intercept quarantine pests abroad and eliminate them in the producing area, reduce the pressure and expenditure of prevention and control work, and also improve the quality of seedlings and the survival rate of afforestation; It is not only a long-term preventive measure, but also a method to fundamentally control pests and diseases.

* * * 2 * * * Carrying out plant quarantine can effectively prevent the introduction of * * * pests.

As we all know, in nature, the distribution of organisms is regional, and a pest can spread from the original place to another new area. Due to the barrier of natural barriers, it is often impossible to rely on one's own ability, and it must rely on the help of external forces. The other is human activities * * * trade or non-trade * * *. Of these two modes of transmission, artificial transmission is the most important, because many pests can lurk inside plants and their products, or attach to their appearance, or mix together, and take them to places where they are hard to reach by transporting and mailing plants and their products. Once pests enter a new ecosystem, if their host plants exist and avoid the restrictions of natural enemies in the place of origin, they will easily colonize there, multiply rapidly and flood. The best way to solve this problem is to actively carry out plant quarantine. Forest inspection is to introduce new varieties of trees and flowers with good quality, and at the same time prevent the introduction of pests and diseases.

Three. Problems in plant quarantine work

With the continuous adjustment of agricultural industrialization structure and the development of urbanization process, the planting area of characteristic vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines, flower seedlings and lawns has expanded rapidly, and the transportation of reproductive materials such as seed seedlings, agricultural products, flower seedlings and other plants and plant products has been frequent, and the transportation volume has been increasing. The work of agricultural plant quarantine is not only arduous, but also facing a severe situation.

* * * A * * * The scope of plant quarantine is narrow. Objectively speaking, only rice seeds and vegetable seeds have undergone standardized origin, transportation and quarantine. Other agricultural products, such as fruits, vegetables and commodity grains, are rarely produced, transported and quarantined.

* * * II * * Units engaged in the production and operation of plants such as agricultural products, flowers and seedlings know little about plant quarantine regulations and work contents, and some operators think that quarantine is a fee. Very few operators did not cooperate, which seriously affected the smooth development of quarantine work. Agricultural products and flower seedlings sold in the market are generally transported without a license, especially by car. Most operators believe that as long as they have obtained the certificate of origin of agricultural products or the number of phytosanitary certificate, they do not need to apply for phytosanitary certificate when transporting. According to the survey, among the agricultural products and flower seedlings transported with certificates, the rate of seed transportation with certificates in the province is obviously lower than that between provinces.

* * * Three * * The technical level of plant quarantine is low. Plant quarantine is a highly technical job, shouldering the heavy responsibility of ensuring the safety of national plant production. Plant quarantine officers need people with positive work style, strong legal concept and good professional ability. At present, a considerable number of people engaged in plant quarantine work do not know business, and some know business, but they have little legal knowledge and are not competent for plant quarantine work. In the process of quarantine, because there are no relevant instruments and equipment, at present, the quarantine object can only be judged by the quarantine of the place of origin and the certificate of quarantine of the place of origin, and the quarantine of many transported plants and products is very irregular, so it is easy to produce great errors in judging whether there is quarantine by intuition during transportation.

* * * four * * plant quarantine is difficult to implement.

Although there are quite perfect laws and regulations on plant quarantine, the actual operation is difficult. The Ministry of Agriculture's Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Plant Quarantine Regulations, the Measures for Plant Quarantine in Shandong Province and other laws and regulations clearly stipulate the standardized quarantine of plants and plant products that should be quarantined, but in fact, most plants and plant products that should be quarantined are not quarantined. Although there is a sound quarantine team, it is difficult to play its role. Due to the lack of funds, the function of plant quarantine has weakened, and the routine quarantine work such as epidemic investigation, epidemic distribution, transportation and quarantine has been diluted or difficult to carry out, and most quarantine officers have not played their functional roles. Quarantine is difficult, but it is difficult. Transportation enterprises or individuals such as transportation, railways, posts and telecommunications shall carry, accept and send plants and plant products that should be quarantined with the original plant quarantine certificate, and cooperate with the plant quarantine department to do a good job in plant quarantine. The transportation and railway departments are not strict with the control, while the postal department is not strict with a large number of plants and plant products that should be quarantined, such as commodity grain, fruits and vegetables, and the work is out of touch with the quarantine department.

Four. Measures to implement plant quarantine

* * * A * * * Take corresponding quarantine measures according to the circulation links of plants and their products.

The task of plant quarantine is to prevent quarantine pests from spreading over a long distance through human activities and to prevent their spread and introduction, both of which should be considered. In order to prevent the artificial spread of quarantine pests, quarantine measures must be taken before plants and their products enter the circulation field, during the circulation process and after they arrive at new planting or use sites to interrupt the chain of artificial spread of pests, so as to stop the spread of pests. Different quarantine measures should be taken in different links. For example, in the process of planting plants and their products, "epidemic areas" and "protected areas" can be designated, and blockade, eradication and protection measures can be implemented respectively; Implement quarantine at the place of origin to ensure good quarantine at the place of origin; Imported from abroad, strict quarantine approval procedures, etc. In the process of circulation, quarantine measures such as entry-exit quarantine, passenger's belongings quarantine, postal parcel quarantine, transit quarantine and domestic transportation quarantine can be adopted. After arriving at the new planting or using place, quarantine, centralized planting, epidemic monitoring and eradication measures can be adopted.

* * * 2 * * Correctly handle the relationship between "gate control" and "service"

In our country, plant quarantine has two functions: one is to prevent quarantine pests from spreading over a long distance through human activities, not only to prevent them from coming out, but also to prevent them from coming in. The second is to serve the growers and operators of plants and their products, escort the healthy development of forestry production and safeguard the country's foreign trade reputation. In forest inspection, inspection and service are a pair of contradictory unity, inspection is the premise, service is the purpose, inspection is for service, and service must be inspection, so inspection and service must be organically combined. Under the guidance of the policy of reform and opening up, China's foreign inspection work put forward such a slogan: "Do a good job in quarantine, play a key role, serve the outside world and facilitate entry and exit." In terms of specific practices, they sent personnel to Hong Kong, Macao and other * * * areas for epidemic investigation, initial inspection, supervision of packaging and disinfection, which shortened the entry inspection time, accelerated the inspection and release speed, and promoted the development of entrepot trade. Domestic quarantine also focuses on the origin, pays close attention to the epidemic source, strictly controls the quarantine of the origin, and eliminates quarantine pests during the growth of seedlings, which not only improves the quality of seedlings and flowers, but also prevents the spread of quarantine pests.

* * * Three * * * organically combine legal means and technical measures.

Plant quarantine is a highly legal work, and the task of forest inspectors is to implement the laws and regulations promulgated by the state and local governments on plant inspection and forest inspection. They should not only manage plants and their products in circulation, but also regulate the production and business activities of plants and their product owners. How to standardize people's production and business activities? Mainly through publicity and education. Let producers and operators consciously go through quarantine procedures in accordance with the provisions of plant inspection and forest inspection. If the plants and their products are transferred out, they shall report to the local forest inspection agency in time. Those who introduce seedlings from abroad should take the initiative to go through the introduction examination and approval at the provincial forest inspection agency and report the epidemic situation in time. Plant quarantine is not only a highly legal work, but also has high technical requirements. In practical work, there are still many quarantine pests carried by plants and their products, but it is not easy to detect them in a limited time and how to get rid of them so that healthy seedlings can circulate normally. It is impossible without a set of effective quarantine inspection methods and disinfection treatment methods. Therefore, in order to do a good job in forest inspection, legal means and technical measures must be organically combined.

Click the next page, and there are more >>& gt scientific papers about plants.