In Huangdi Neijing, it is said that "the law is based on Yin and Yang, and the four seasons are adjusted" and "the sequence of times" all express this meaning. As far as the changes of yin and yang in nature are concerned, the alternation of seasons and the changes in the morning and evening have the greatest influence on the human body, and corresponding health care measures must be taken. First of all, according to the climate characteristics of spring, summer, autumn and winter, we should conform to the characteristics of four seasons in spiritual cultivation, diet regulation and daily life, so as to "nourish yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter" On this basis, we should strive to "prevent spring cold within one year;" Summer heatstroke prevention, but also to prevent colds caused by summer heat; Prevent moisture in long summer; Anti-dryness in autumn; Winter is cold and windproof. " ("Xu Li Yuan Jian Jun Shang Zhi Fang")
Secondly, medical staff should also pay attention to nursing day and night. Su Wen's Wrath Through the Sky holds that in a day, the sun is the spirit. It rises at noon, closes at dusk and hides in the middle of the night. Every day, this change completely conforms to the law of "spring in summer, long harvest in autumn and winter storage" at four o'clock. Therefore, in order to support the occurrence of yang, we should do more outdoor activities in the morning, get rid of the old and absorb the new, circulate blood and be full of vitality; At sunset in the evening, the yang begins to hide, so activities should be reduced accordingly to avoid the invasion of cold and fog. This is what the author of Huangdi Neijing earnestly warned people: "It is precisely because of dusk that you refused, leaving your bones and muscles undisturbed and not seeing the fog and dew."
The so-called natural state of health preservation is actually that only when people realize the objective laws between man and nature and follow these laws can they live a long and healthy life. As early as in the article "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals", there was a saying that "Yin and Yang are dry and wet at four seasons, and everything changes, all for profit and all for harm". Sages keep yin and yang, and distinguish the benefits of all things to live, so their spirit is peaceful and they live long. "It can be seen that ancient health experts have long recognized that nature has its natural laws, and people can only live longer if they follow this law. In addition to nature, the physiological state of the human body also has its own laws. People can only protect their vitality if they conform to the natural physiological laws of the human body, just like Zhuangzi, a health care master, said, "Know a cow by skillful hands". Huangdi Neijing advocates the principle of "knowing astronomy from above, geography from below, and personnel from the middle, so as to last for a long time".
Through the above two meanings that are compatible with nature, we can find that what China's health culture pursues is actually a harmonious state between human life and all things in nature. On the one hand, the balance and coordination of the internal environment and the overall unity of the external environment are the necessary conditions for the existence of human life activities. In other words, only by realizing the harmony between the internal and external natural environment can people achieve the purpose of health preservation. On the other hand, it is also an inevitable extension of the philosophy of "harmony between man and nature" in China traditional culture in the field of humanities.
As we all know, the idea that "heaven is nature" originated from the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Laozi said: "People are everywhere, the land follows the sky, the sky follows the Tao, and the Tao is natural." It is from this point that Laozi put forward the viewpoint of opposing "the thickness of life": "When people are alive and dead, three out of ten people are alive and three out of ten people are dead, while people are dead between life and movement. Why is the husband too? Use the thickness of its life. "
Comply with nature and govern by doing nothing.
After Laozi, Zhuangzi, a master of Taoism, further developed the concept of health preservation on the basis of the former. Zhuangzi believes that human beings should not only conform to nature, but also take the initiative to master the laws of nature and keep in good health according to them. His famous fable "Cow's Cow Relieves with Obstacles", and his exposition in "Heaven's Luck" that "those who enjoy themselves should first deal with personnel, follow the principles of heaven, conduct five virtues, and be natural, and then adjust the four seasons, be harmonious for all things, and everything will follow their destiny" all emphasize the concept of knowing and conforming to the laws of nature, being healthy and living long, while the concept of health preservation in "Master of Health"
Huangdi Neijing, as the foundation work of China's health preserving theory, draws lessons from the thought of "Taoism is natural" in Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy, and on this basis emphasizes the correspondence between man and nature, and advocates that people should maintain their bodies according to the objective laws of nature, thus forming a complete, systematic and scientific health preserving theory. "Su Wenyin Yang Ying's Elephant Theory" said: "Therefore, the sky is refined and the earth is tangible. Heaven has eight periods (beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn, beginning of winter, vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice), and the earth has five principles (five elements of education), so it can be the mother of all things. Clear the sun to the sky, muddy the ground. It is the movement of heaven and earth, and the gods are the discipline, so they can take a long time and start all over again. Only saints can support their heads with heaven, their feet with images, and their five treasures with personnel.
In addition to Huangdi Neijing, Taoist health practitioners who have theoretical origins with Laozi and Zhuangzi's philosophy have enriched and developed health-keeping theories and methods that directly conform to nature from the viewpoint of "Taoism is natural". Most Taoist health preserving experts believe that only by imitating the form and timing of the movement of heaven and earth can the human body live longer and gain more knowledge. Yan Yu, a famous Taoist theorist in Yuan Dynasty, once said: "Life is between heaven and earth, which is different from the beginning of heaven and earth. If you can understand the wonders of heaven and earth, your heart will be empty and quiet, naturally circulating up and down, exhaling when it is opened, and inhaling when it is closed; Exhale like the rise of the earth's gas, inhale like the decline of the weather, so it can last as long as heaven and earth. " As the concrete practice of the above theory, Taoist health qigong attaches great importance to choosing the opportunity of practice and keeping pace with nature.
As an influential philosophical thought in ancient China, "Harmony between Man and Nature" is interwoven in the fertile soil of traditional culture in China, which not only has a cross relationship with the theory and practice of health preservation, but also has an artistic aesthetic field.
As a philosophical category, "Harmony between Man and Nature" set foot in the field of artistic aesthetics, which probably first appeared in Zhuangzi. In Sheng Da, the author tells a fable called "Qing Zi cut wood to make it sweet". It's about a man named Qing. A carpenter made a wooden shelf carved with birds and animals to hang bells and drums. The craft is very exquisite, and everyone is very surprised after seeing it. They think this is a great work. The monarch of Lu asked Zi Qing why he wanted to make such exquisite handicrafts, and Zi Qing replied that "heaven and earth are one". What it advocates is also an aesthetic principle that conforms to nature, that is, "the principle of the beauty of all things in the original world" ("Knowing this Travel"). Since Zhuangzi, many literary arts in China not only inherited the aesthetic principle of conforming to nature in theory, but also put it into practice in the process of artistic creation, forming a unique artistic style of "natural beauty".
China's traditional artistic style of advocating nature is a direct inheritance and development of Zhuangzi's artistic view of "the unity of heaven and earth", but its theoretical source should be traced back to Laozi's philosophy of "Tao and nature". In other words, advocating nature in art and conforming to nature in the field of health care have the same theoretical origin, and the same theoretical origin will inevitably lead to similar overall characteristics.