First of all, we should know that COVID-19 may come from wild animals, or it may be a kind of bat with chrysanthemum head, which can spread through contact with objects, air droplets and feces. The incubation period is 1- 14 days, mostly 3-7 days, with fever, fatigue and dry cough as the main manifestations. However, there are also some cases with symptoms of digestive system as the first manifestation: such as mild anorexia, fatigue, poor spirit, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and so on. Or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular symptoms as the first manifestation: such as headache, palpitation, chest tightness and so on. Or take eye symptoms as the first manifestation: such as conjunctivitis. But fever is still the main symptom, which should be paid great attention to. Secondly, we should also pay attention to the hidden source of infection, that is, the patient has been infected, but has not yet appeared related symptoms, and can also infect others during the period.
Second, the clinical diagnosis and classification
Diagnostic criteria of the fifth edition of novel coronavirus diagnosis and treatment plan;
1. Epidemiological history
(1) Have a travel history or residence history in Wuhan and its surrounding areas or other communities with reported cases within 4 days before onset/kloc-0. Contact with patients from Wuhan and its surrounding areas, or from communities with reported cases or respiratory symptoms within 0/4 days before onset;
(2) Aggregative onset.
(3) Have contact history with COVID-19 infected persons.
2. Clinical manifestations
(1) Fever and/or respiratory symptoms (stuffy nose, runny nose, sore throat, etc. );
(2) There are imaging features of pneumonia (multiple small patches and interstitial changes in the early stage, especially in the outer lung, and then developed into multiple ground glass shadows and infiltration shadows in both lungs, severe lung consolidation and rare pleural effusion);
(3) At the initial stage of the disease, the white blood cell count is normal or decreased, or the lymphocyte count is decreased.
3. Real-time fluorescence RT-PCR detection of respiratory tract samples or blood samples is positive for COVID-19 nucleic acid; Viral gene sequencing is highly homologous to the known COVID-19.
Three. Precautions for medical treatment and daily protection
(1) Instructions for patients to see a doctor
1. Fever patients should go to the fever clinic of the hospital, strictly abide by the guidance and arrangement of triage personnel, and truthfully provide the specific information about going out or contacting suspicious personnel in recent 15 days.
2. Should actively cooperate with the necessary related inspection.
3. It is suggested to do chest CT examination as much as possible to avoid missed diagnosis.
(2) Daily protection
1. The most important one: don't run around.
No matter years ago or years later, Academician Zhong Nanshan has always emphasized reducing travel, which is not only related to himself and his family, but also to the whole society. Don't take a crowded bus when you go out. It is recommended to walk or drive to shorten the stay as much as possible. Stay at home, pay special attention to three details: ventilation: open the doors and windows for ventilation 2-3 times a day, each time for about 30 minutes; When the weather is fine, you can dry bask in the quilt and clothes. Hand washing: After going home, before cooking, before eating, and after going to the toilet, use soap or hand sanitizer to scrub under running water for about 30 seconds. Food safety: separate raw food from cooked food, and fully cook the meat before eating; Families practice separate meals or use public chopsticks. Don't eat game.
2. Don't attend the rally.
Going out less and partying less is an important way to reduce cross-infection, especially to avoid going to crowded public places, such as shopping malls, public baths, chess rooms and hospitals.
3. You don't need to wear N95 when you go out to wear a mask.
Academician Zhong Nanshan said that it is not necessary to wear N95 when wearing a mask. Medical surgical masks can prevent most viruses from entering the respiratory tract. Ordinary masks can also play a certain isolation role. If the mask is not enough, the mask of the general public does not need to be replaced once, and the use time can be extended according to the cleanliness. When wearing a mask, cover your mouth and nose completely and stick it tightly on your face to minimize air leakage. When taking off the mask, don't scratch the contaminated surface, grab the belt by hand and throw it into the trash can. Don't throw it about.
4. Learn to wash your hands correctly.
Novel coronavirus can spread through contact. If you don't pay attention to getting the virus on your hands, rubbing your eyes may cause infection, so be sure to wash your hands frequently. When there is no hand washing condition, you can wipe your hands with disinfectant wipes.