The primary purpose of diet is self-evident, that is to keep fit. Our sages Mozi, Laozi and Confucius all thought so. "Mozi Ci Guo" said: "Eating is enough to replenish qi and deficiency and strengthen the body and satiety." There is a similar saying in Mozi's "Thrift": "The ancient sage king system is the method of diet: tonifying deficiency and benefiting qi, strengthening legs and arms, and stopping with skill." It is not the sum of five flavors, not far from the country's expensive foreign body. "Lao Tzu advocates a light diet. In Lao Tzu's sixty-four chapters, there is a saying that' inaction is governance, inaction is tasteless'. See also the argument of "frugality" put forward by Laozi in Fu Zi, which advocates keeping healthy through diet. Although Confucius has a famous saying that "food never tires of essence, and food never tires of essence", he is also regarded as a person who pursues taste too much, but he once praised Yan Hui for not paying attention to diet and daily life. The Analects of Confucius also said that "frugality, drinking water, thinking about the source, leaning on it, and enjoying it." Confucius also said not to eat spoiled food, obviously from the perspective of health.

The diet of China 18 years old does not exclude the function of fitness. In ancient times, health was also regarded as an important goal pursued by 18 years old. From the external factors, people often get sick because of the imbalance of the body caused by seasonal changes, so people should design different foods and drinks at different festivals to protect their health. Here are some special ancient seasonal foods to see the ancient people's intention to pursue health when designing these foods.

"When Jingchu was old" said that on the first day of the New Year, people should "drink pepper and cypress wine and peach soup; Tu Su wine, chewing gum cups and five spicy dishes ",most of these foods and drinks are for the purpose of fitness. Such as pepper and cypress wine, have the effect of getting rid of diseases. Ren Wei Chenggong Sui has an inscription on pepper flowers, saying, "It's early in the year, and the moon is opposite to Japan, which tastes expensive and cures all diseases." It tastes good and cures diseases well. In Bai Juyi's poem "Drinking to the Moon", there are "three cups of blue-tailed wine and a dish of gum-tooth wine", in which the blue-tailed wine is pepper and cypress wine. On the first day of Chinese New Year, I also eat five spicy dishes. Zhengpai Zhiyao said: "Garlic, garlic, leek, rape and coriander are all spicy things." The book quoted Sun Simiao's "Dietary Taboo" as saying that eating five candied haws in the first month can avoid boils. See Sun Zhenren's "Health Preservation", which also has a similar saying: On the first day of the Yuan Dynasty, eat five spices, open five internal organs and relieve summer heat. People are still in the cold season, thinking about the peace of summer, which can be seen from their good intentions.

In North China, including Beijing, people like to eat a radish with an emerald heart in winter and spring, which is called "Beauty Heart". Yan Dou Miscellaneous Notes said that beginning of spring ate purple radish, which was called "biting spring". "Yanjing Years Old" also said: On beginning of spring Day, "women buy more radishes to eat, saying that they can chew spring, but spring is sleepy". My teeth are sweet and cold, and my heart is pure and sleepy. It is too easy to understand the inner beauty. Northerners have this kind of delicious special food in the same season, and there is also a kind of sugar-coated gourd. "Yanjing Year" wrote: "Sugar-coated haws use bamboo sticks to penetrate grapes, yam bean, begonia fruits, hawthorn and other things, and are dipped in rock sugar, so they are crisp, sweet and cold, and they can be eaten in winter nights, which can quite remove the gas of coal." In winter, you can't keep warm without charcoal fire, and your body is inevitably full of flames. It is best to bring sugar-coated haws to get angry, which is sweet and sour. Sugar-coated haws are still very popular in Beijing, and they are not only enjoyed in winter.

In addition to sugar-coated haws, northerners also eat red bean porridge on the solstice of winter. "Miscellaneous Notes on the Year of the Year" said: "Cooking porridge with red beans from the winter solstice to the sun can immunize the qi machine." This is the red bean porridge now. As a holiday food, porridge is widely used. It is worth mentioning that there are several mouthfuls of porridge on the day of the sacrifice. In December, "the 24th is the turn of the century, with rice as bait and sugar bean porridge as a sacrifice to the stove, which is called' the number of mouths'." "The Legend of the Old Wulin" also said: "Cooking sweet bean porridge on the 24th is called' mouth count'." To this end, Fan Chengda also wrote "Kou Zhou Shu Ci". This kind of porridge should be eaten by everyone, including cats and dogs, so it is called mouth-counting porridge. Kouzi porridge is also red bean porridge. Like winter solstice porridge, its main purpose is to prevent plague. Adzuki bean, called adzuki bean, adzuki bean or rice adzuki bean in ancient times, is commonly called adzuki bean in modern times. Red adzuki beans are mostly used as bean soup, bean porridge and bean stuffing, which are deeply loved by northerners. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that red beans are flat and sweet, and have the effects of strengthening the spleen, promoting diuresis, clearing away damp heat, detoxifying and reducing swelling, and have certain therapeutic effects on spleen deficiency discomfort, diarrhea and hematochezia.

We should prevent plague in winter and heatstroke in summer, and there are many things to keep fit in summer. Lin Shuo: "It is still popular to establish a custom of summer vacation. People say that plums can be eaten in long summer, which can make the color beautiful, so Japanese women are called "Li Hui". Take plum juice and wine to drink, which is called resident color wine. When it is a day, it must not be summer. " In ancient times, sleeping in summer was called "summer" and it was also written as "eating summer". In summer, seven-leaf tea is also used to prevent summer diseases, which is described in Xi Dynasty and Lu Zhong mentioned above. Long summer festivals include wheat rice from Jiading people in Shanghai, powder cakes from Tongxiang people in Zhejiang, and wheat bean soup from Taihu Lake, all of which are related to heatstroke prevention. You can see that southerners pay more attention to this festival in the long summer, and they should eat some heatstroke prevention food on this day to ensure summer safety.

Dietary taboos aimed at healthy physique are very unique in China's dietary culture tradition. China ancient diet should be taboo, with strong seasonality, which can be called "seasonal taboo" and "seasonal taboo". The same food is not suitable for eating in a certain season, or it is most suitable for eating in a certain season. This is the central content of China's seasonal diet, and its main function is still to cure diseases, eliminate pathogens and protect health. For example, "Chronological Miscellanies" said, "From cold food, drying jujube cakes, and saving precious sugar to the Dragon Boat Festival eclipse, the cloud cures aphtha. And eating jiaozi is thin. "

Seasonal diet in ancient books should be avoided. From the perspective of modern medicine, it is not necessarily all scientific, but it is extremely valuable to use your heart. People at all times and all over the world have the same pursuit of health.

In addition, we also noticed that there was a tradition of keeping in good health by indifferent diet in ancient times, and various combinations of holiday diets were the concentrated embodiment of this tradition. Most of the traditional seasonal diets are light and elegant, and the production is relatively simple, but the flavor is very unique. Making Yuanxiao, jiaozi, wonton, noodles, baked spring cakes, baked moon cakes, steamed cakes and dumplings includes some basic cooking methods, such as steaming, boiling and baking. There are dry food, wet food, liquid food, hot food and a little heart. Very comprehensive.

Health is the first priority of diet, so is seasonal diet.

A cursive paste of Xin Qiji's Han Gong Chun beginning of spring (partial)