The cold and harsh climate will bring adverse effects on the psychology and physiology of the elderly. ① Low metabolic function, atrophy of sebaceous glands, decreased sebum secretion, dry skin, poor peripheral blood circulation, easy frostbite, wrinkles and itchy skin after cold stimulation; (2) joint pain after catching cold; (3) The sudden change of temperature leads to a high incidence of stroke in patients with hypertension; ④ Cardiovascular patients are prone to intractable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure; ⑤ Severe cold is the inducing factor of diseases such as colds and bronchitis. Especially the cold of the elderly, we should not take it lightly. Measures for keeping warm in winter: ① Prepare warm clothes, beware of colds and prevent respiratory diseases, hypertension and coronary heart disease from aggravating; 2 emotional stability, not overly excited and nervous, regular work and rest, not overworked; Eat well, don't overeat, smoke less (or don't smoke) and drink less. Old people should pay attention to three major problems when taking a bath in winter. It's cold, so bathing has become a big problem. Old people who are afraid of cold are afraid to take a bath. The parents of a weak child are afraid that he will catch a cold, and adults especially want to take a hot bath, so that they can get rid of the cold. Bathing in winter also needs attention. Bathing time should not be too long. Taking a bath for too long, the blood supply to the head is relatively reduced, which is easy to lead to cerebral ischemia and accidents, especially for the elderly, and it is also easy to cause cardiac ischemia and hypoxia, leading to coronary artery spasm, thrombosis, and even serious arrhythmia and sudden death. The correct time should be to take a bath for 20 minutes and take a shower 10- 15 minutes. Indoor temperature should not be too high. Many people are afraid of cold when taking a bath, and always adjust the temperature of the bathroom to a high level, which leads to a large temperature difference between the inside and outside of the bathroom and makes it easier to catch a cold. The water temperature should not be too high. Proper water temperature can accelerate human metabolism, but too high water temperature will lead to fatigue due to large energy consumption in the body. Too hot water will wash away the oil secreted by the skin surface and the protective flora normally parasitic on the skin surface, which will easily damage the stratum corneum and cause itching, dryness and other symptoms. The suitable water temperature should be close to the body temperature, that is, 37-465438 0℃. Many people are afraid of the cold. They have to take a long bath every time, and the temperature is very high, which makes them comfortable to wash. But after washing, the problem comes out, which is why some people always catch a cold after taking a bath, so pay more attention. Pay attention to the "eight taboos" of the diet of the elderly in winter. The elderly should have "eight taboos" in their diet: avoid salty and greasy-prevent hypertension, heart disease and kidney disease; Avoid partial eclipse, picky eaters and overeating-maintaining a balanced nutrition is conducive to longevity; Avoid overeating-prevent the induction of myocardial infarction; Avoid being too cold-so as not to affect the digestive function; Avoid fat and sweet taste-mainly prevent hyperlipidemia, diabetes, gout, gallstones, pancreatitis, kidney disease and so on. Precautions for health care of the elderly: dress "should be cold and warm". In the common cold in winter, cold pathogen is easy to induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and frostbite is more likely. Therefore, we should wear warm, loose and light clothes, and the bedding should be soft, warm and often washed. Life should be "moderate" and daily life should be "regular". Go to bed early to keep the sun warm, get up late to keep the sun warm, and avoid the cold and seek warmth. Diet "should be supplemented", eat more high-protein and vitamin foods, and make supplements in time. Diet cures more than the doctor. People who suffered from deficiency in the Ming Dynasty ate more mutton, chicken and bovine bone marrow. People with yin deficiency eat more ducks and geese to replenish deficiency and qi, nourish the stomach and produce fluid. The weather is sunny and "suitable for exercise". When the weather is fine in winter, you can exercise outdoors properly to make up for the lack of sunshine and enhance your physique. Exercising in cold air can increase nerve regulation function and improve resistance, but it is not advisable to sweat to prevent colds, strong winds, fog, rain and snow, and it is not advisable to go outdoors. Mental Health "Attention" The occurrence, development or deterioration of many diseases in winter are closely related to people's psychological state, so we should avoid the stimulation of bad factors such as sadness, anxiety and tension, and the elderly should maintain an optimistic and happy mood. Winter health care for the elderly is not suitable 1. Not suitable for urinating at night; 2. Doors and windows should not be closed; 3. It is not advisable to sleep with your head covered; 4. It is not advisable to drink alcohol to keep out the cold; 5. Improper heating loss; 6. It is not advisable to die of a minor illness.