Wine is a beauty between heaven and earth. Although it also enters the stomach, it can't satisfy hunger and thirst, but only acts on people's minds. As soon as the heart-nerve wine is moistened and stimulated, it will produce inexplicable changes, and this inexplicable strangeness is unusual in words and deeds. Therefore, with wine in the world, human life will be colorful, human history will be colorful, the vast world will add many interesting scenery, and the short life will add many long flavors. If our ancestors hadn't been inspired by the sour taste of rotten wild fruits and leftovers and invented wine making, the vast history of twenty-four years would have been much more boring and the social life of past dynasties would not have been so bleak. When we look back, we may lose a lot of interest. History is a long river. When the wine is just right in the river, the river will flow more romantically and vividly, and the billowing waves will still make people feel relaxed and happy after the ages. From the palace to the streets and alleys, people drink. Emperor Jin and Yuan gave a banquet, and the old people in the three villages exchanged. Although the grades are different and the styles are different, it is the same to drink good wine or old bad wine and taste the wonderful process.
Wine culture is an important part of China food culture. Wine is one of the oldest foods in human beings, and its history almost begins with the history of human culture. Since the appearance of wine, as a kind of material culture, the forms of wine are various, and its development process is synchronous with the history of economic development. Moreover, wine is not only a kind of food, but also has spiritual and cultural value. As a spiritual culture, it is reflected in social and political life, literature and art, and even people's attitude towards life, aesthetic taste and many other aspects. In this sense, drinking is not only drinking, but also drinking culture.
China is an ancient civilization in the Li Zhuo world and the hometown of wine. In the 5,000-year history of the Chinese nation, wine and wine culture have always occupied an important position. Wine is a special food, which belongs to the material, but at the same time it is integrated into people's spiritual life. As a special cultural form, wine culture has its unique position in China traditional culture. In the history of civilization for thousands of years, wine has almost penetrated into all fields of social life. First of all, China is a country based on agriculture, so all political and economic activities are based on agricultural development. Most of the wines in China are brewed from grain, and wine is closely linked with agriculture and becomes a part of agricultural economy. The prosperity of grain production is a barometer of the rise and fall of wine industry. According to the grain harvest, the rulers of various dynasties regulated the production of wine by issuing or opening bans, thus ensuring the people's food. In some places, the prosperity of wine industry has played a positive role in improving the living standards of local society. Alcohol is closely related to social and economic activities. Since the implementation of the national liquor monopoly policy in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the liquor monopoly fee or special tax collected from the brewing industry has become one of the main sources of national fiscal revenue. Wine tax revenue is also related to the military expenditure and war in history, which is directly related to the life and death of the country. In some dynasties, wine tax (or monopoly revenue of wine) was also related to corvee and other forms of taxation. The rich profits of wine often become the fat meat that countries, businessmen and rich people compete for. The alternation of different wine administrations reflects the comparative changes in the strength of all walks of life. The release of wine orders is often related to the change of dynasties, emperors and some major royal activities. As a special commodity, wine adds rich colors to people's lives. The ancients in China divided the functions of wine into three categories: wine for treating diseases, wine for providing for the aged and wine for giving gifts. For thousands of years, the role of wine is far more than these three, at least including: wine makes you happy, wine forgets your worries, and wine emboldens you.
Wine, in the long history of human culture, is not only an objective material existence, but also a cultural symbol, that is, a symbol of Dionysian spirit.
In China, Dionysian spirit originated from Taoist philosophy. Zhuang Zhou advocated the unity of things and me, the unity of heaven and man, and the unity of life and death. Zhuang Zhou sang the song of absolute freedom, advocating "wandering things", "wandering around the world" and "land without things". Zhuangzi would rather be a free turtle shaking his head in a mud pond than a bound swift horse. The essence of China's Dionysian spirit lies in pursuing absolute freedom and forgetting the benefits of life and death, honor and disgrace.
The artistic freedom gained by drunkenness is an important way for China ancient artists to get rid of bondage and gain artistic creativity. Liu Ling, a famous person in Wei and Jin Dynasties who is "ambitious and narrow-minded in the universe" and the first person who is "the meaning of drunkenness", said in Ode to Wine Morality: "There is a gentleman who takes heaven and earth as the time and takes eternity as the time. The embarrassment of the sun and the moon, eight wastes for the court. " "The curtain is on the ground, which means so." "I was drunk, but I was sober. If you don't listen to thunder, you can't see the shape of Mount Tai. I can't feel the feeling of cutting muscles in cold weather and summer. Looking down on everything, it is like Jianghan duckweed. " This "people-oriented" realm is a typical embodiment of China's Dionysian spirit.
"There are hundreds of poems by Li Bai. Chang 'an went to a restaurant to sleep, but the son of heaven didn't get on the boat, calling himself Brewmaster." (Du Fu's Eight Immortals in Drinking) "When you are drunk, you are a guest and poetry becomes a god." (Du Fu's "Poem of Self-management") "Pitching has its own realm, and wine poetry is its own." (Su Shi's Drinking with Tao Yuanming) "A cup of unfinished poetry has been completed, and the poetry day is amazing." (Biography of Yang Wanli going to Wanhua River Valley in February after the Ninth Festival). Zhang Yuannian, a political poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "Flowers fly after the rain, and the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine. "drunken poems passed down from generation to generation, such an example is in
The history of China's poetry can be seen everywhere.
Answer supplement
China Liquor Records
Distilled Liquor: Maotai Liquor, Fenjiu Liquor and Luzhou Laojiao Tequ.
Brewing wine: Shaoxing yellow wine, Tsingtao beer, Great Wall dry white wine.
Blending wine: Zhuyeqing wine, Wujiapi wine and Beijing Tiger Bone wine.
The best wine in China-the first wine brewed by human society: fruit wine and milk wine.
The earliest malt liquor in China: grain.
China's most national wines: yellow rice wine and white wine.
The earliest brewery in China was built in Harbin in 1900.
The earliest written record of wine: Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty.
The earliest record of medicinal liquor production technology: silk book unearthed from Mawangdui in the Western Han Dynasty >.
The earliest record of wine: Sima Qian's>.
Records of malt manufacturing methods: Jia Sixie; & gt。
The oldest existing wine: 1980 wine unearthed from tombs in the late Shang Dynasty in Henan (about 3000 years ago) is now in the Palace Museum.
The earliest unearthed image reflecting the whole process of brewing:> portrait stone
The earliest brewing regulations: Zhou dynasty, see>.
The most famous wine encyclopedia in ancient times: Dou Ping's>
The earliest advertisement for selling wine records: Han Feizi at the end of the Warring States Period & gt: "Song people drank alcohol with high flags." Flag: wine flag.