Canoe knowledge:
Canoeing is a sport. 1924 entered the Olympic Games as a performance event, and 1936 became an official event of the Olympic Games. 1972, canoeing increased the rapids.
Due to the high cost, the project also withdrew from the Olympic Games immediately after the Munich Olympic Games. The project was resumed in Barcelona Olympic Games in 1992, and was retained in Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996 and held in Sydney Olympic Games. Germany, Sweden, the former Soviet Union and other European countries have always had an advantage in still water competitions.
Canoe classification:
Fancy boat
In kayaking, fancy kayaking is a new sport. 1999 Canada.
Fancy Boat Riot Kayak Clay Kayak Company designed the first modern fancy boat disco. Fancy canoe is a relatively small canoe with small size and short length, which is suitable for fancy sports. The general length is about 175gal-2 10cm, and the volume is about 4 1gal-60gal. Because of the length and volume, it is not recommended to go downstream.
If the types of fancy canoes are subdivided, they can be roughly divided into two types. One is the cartwheel base, and the other is the cartwheel base of the aerial base. Fancy canoes are usually designed with a flat bow and stern.
Therefore, it is easy to insert the bow and stern into the water, so it is suitable for bow stall, stern stall and stern stall. Please refer to fancy action movies. Relatively speaking, it is unstable because the bow and stern are easy to enter the water and need good control skills.
Riptide boat
With large volume, it is more suitable for exploration of Xiaxi or short-distance rivers, and its length varies with the terrain.
different
Riptide boats are generally about 220cm-300cm long and about 65gal-80gal in volume. There are two kinds of whitewater boats, one is river running and the other is crawling. Usually, the running capacity of a river is about 65gal, which is suitable for waters below 3+, while the crawling capacity is about 74-85 gal. It is strongly recommended to crawl in waters above level 4 and extreme challenges.
Ocean ship
The hull is slender, generally more than 4 meters, with a stern rudder, which is easy to control the direction and suitable for long-distance travel.
The short-distance travel boat among ocean-going ships has a wide and smooth hull, which is suitable for beginners to travel short distances.
Platform canoes are mostly used for leisure, and many surfing boats are platform boats.
The fishing boat is a leisure boat specially designed for fishing enthusiasts, with the addition of fishing frame, bait box and anchor frame.
Canoeing and canoeing are divided into two categories: speed race and obstacle race. Speed races are held in still water, while obstacle races are held in moving water.
Specific events of canoeing competition:
The specific events are as follows: men's 12 still water events: 500m single kayak, 500m double kayak, 1000m single kayak, 1000m double kayak, 1000m four kayak;
500m single rowing boat, 500m double rowing boat,1000m single rowing boat,1000m double rowing boat; Slalom events: kayak, canoe and canoe; Women's four still water events: 500m kayak, 500m kayak, 500m kayak, kayak, kayak, kayak, kayak, kayak, kayak, kayak, kayak and kayak.
Jet slalom racing system
Four slalom events
Men's canoe slalom, men's canoe slalom, men's canoe slalom and women's canoe slalom. Players must cross a waterway with 25 barrier doors in flowing water.
The player with the lowest cumulative time (including penalty time) will win. Players will be fined for two seconds every time they encounter an obstacle gate. Missing the obstacle gate is the most serious foul, with a penalty of 50 seconds each time.
Still water competition system
The competition is held in still water, and all participants must follow their own tracks strictly.
There are two kinds of boats in the competition: rowing and kayaking. The main difference between these two kinds of rowing boats lies in the position of paddlers and the type of paddles used.
Rowing is an open boat, and the players paddle with a single paddle in the position of kneeling. Each rowing boat can take one or two rowers (C 1 or C2), and rowers are limited to men.
Kayak is a closed boat, and players paddle and control the hull by manipulating the mechanical rudder with their feet. The paddles used have paddles at both ends. Canoeing can accommodate one, two or four riders (K 1, K2 and K4). There are men's canoeing and women's canoeing in the Olympic Games.
Rowing venue requirements:
Site facilities of still water project
In the Olympic Games, still water kayaking usually shares a waterway with rowing. In order to meet the needs of rowing, the track must meet the following minimum measurement range requirements.
Length1400m (linear distance), width120m, and minimum depth of 2m; There is at least one straight river bank beside the waterway, 50 meters away from the first waterway.
The river bank is a gentle wave-proof slope, which is made of large stones or other special materials to prevent waves from rolling over the river bank. A special passage is set up on the water to let the contestants enter the competition area or training area.
The distance of canoeing in still water Olympic Games is 1000 meters and 500 meters. The competition uses 9 waterways, each 9 meters wide; You must follow the rules when arranging the competition channel? A 1- Barnes? System layout. Olympic Games must use automatic starter and electronic timing system.
One of the important facilities of the competition venue is the terminal building. This is the core area of the competition, which is usually a small building with four or five floors, and serves as the operation room of the terminal timing system, the terminal timing referee room, the arbitration room, the competition committee, the terminal video room, the broadcast room and the media camera room. In general, the VIP area is close to the terminal building, which is convenient for watching the athletes' wonderful performances through the finish line.
Another important facility is the boathouse. Boathouse is generally close to the loading dock, athletes' activity area and other competition facilities. Rowing usually
Canoeing is stored on the shelf, and there are two kinds of boathouses: open and closed. You can also park your boat outdoors when the race is held.
Site facilities for slalom events
The track is 250 ~ 400 meters long. Its measurement standard is the middle minimum value of the waterway from the starting line to the finishing line; The minimum average width of the track is 8 meters, the current drop is generally more than 5 meters, and the water depth is more than 0.6 meters.
Warm-up and relaxation water is usually in the initial area or the end area.
There are fixed and movable obstacles on the runway. According to the needs of training and competition, obstacles can be combined into many different forms. During the competition, there are 18 ~ 25 sluices on the track. One part is the downstream gate in the water flow direction, and the other part is the upstream gate in the water flow direction. Among them, there are at least 6 sources and at most 7 sources. During the competition, athletes can smoothly pass through the prescribed upstream and downstream without touching the goalposts.
The water gate consists of two hanging door rods. Watergate poles are painted green and white, reverse poles are painted red and white, and the bottom is white. Door width refers to the distance between two poles, ranging from 1.2m to 4m. The gate rod is round, with a length of 1.6 m ~ 2 m and a diameter of 3.5 cm ~ 5 cm. It has enough weight and won't swing greatly when it is windy. The lower end of the door rod is about 20 cm high from the water surface, so it is advisable not to be touched by water.
During the competition, athletes must pass through the water gate in the order of gate number. The door number plate is 30 cm long and 30 cm wide, with yellow or white background and numbers 20 cm high written in black paint on both sides.
Equipment for canoeing in still water;
According to the rules of the competition, athletes have the right to use their own rowing boats.
Canoe still water
The hulls of modern kayaks and rowing boats are mostly wooden frames, and the hulls are made of aviation plywood or FRP. The shape is streamlined, the surface is smooth, light and narrow, as long as a shuttle. All decks on the ship are completely closed, except the cockpit of the athletes.
Static Shui Pi ship
The main accessories are pedals, seat plates, rudder rods, rudder ropes and rudders. International rules limit the length, width and minimum weight of kayaks.
When rowing, the athletes sit in the cabin, face forward, paddle alternately on both sides of the boat with both hands and steer with their feet. The rowing frequency is as high as 130 ~ 150 paddles/min, and the ship speed can reach more than 5 meters per second.
Kayak rudder is an accessory device on kayak. It is a simple device to control the direction of canoeing, including rudder blade, steering wheel, rudder rope, rudder rod and so on. The tiller is on the athlete's pedal. When the athlete paddles, his feet are supported on the pedals. When kayaking needs to turn, he moves the rudder with his feet, and the rudder rotates around a fixed axis. When the T-shaped tiller rotates, the rudder rope is pulled to drive the steering wheel connected to the other end of the rudder rope. The steering wheel is tightly connected to the rudder of the ship. In fact, the rudder rope drives the rudder blade to rotate, thus steering the kayak.
According to the rules of the competition, if the length of kayak is lengthened by installing rudder, the thickness of rudder blade should be limited. Thickness of rudder blade for single boat and double boat
Canoeing shall not exceed10mm, and the blade thickness of a four-person boat shall not exceed12mm.
Kayak paddle is a tool for athletes to kayak forward. Kayak paddle is a kind of Shuang Ye paddle with paddles at both ends. Its main structural feature is that the directions of the two blades form a vertical or nearly vertical included angle. According to the direction of the racket deflection, there are left-turn racket and right-turn racket, and athletes can choose left-right racket according to their grip habits. Because there is no strict and uniform regulation on the size and shape of paddles in the rules, canoe paddles have developed rapidly in recent decades.
The weight, length, shape, paddle and paddle area of various paddles can be selected according to the athlete's height, technical style, strength, gender and ship type.
Still water rowing boat
The rower kneels on one leg, strides on the other leg, and holds a single paddle in both hands. There are left and right paddles, such as the left paddler holding the ground with his right hand? Ding? A zigzag handle, the left hand holds the paddle close to it, the right leg steps forward, and the left knee kneels on the kneeling pad.
Rowing boats have no rudder, and athletes rely on paddles to keep balance and control their direction. Because every time you paddle, you have to lift the paddle out of the water and paddle in front, so the speed of the boat is not as uniform as that of kayaking, and the rowing frequency can reach 70 ~ 80 paddles per minute.
The raw material for manufacturing the hull is aviation plywood or glass fiber reinforced plastic. The length and minimum weight of rowing boats are limited.
According to the rules, rowing boats must be symmetrical on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the hull, and there can be no rudder and any facilities that can guide the course.
The rowing boat can be fully opened. If there is a covered deck, the enclosed part of a single rowing boat should not exceed 150 cm from the bow and 75 cm from the stern. The opening of the double rowing boat is not less than 295cm; The opening of the four-person rowing boat shall not be less than 4 10 cm. Single rowboat and double rowboat can be completely opened, with a minimum opening length of 280cm；; The edge of the ship (the upper edge of the ship's side) can extend along the entire defined opening, up to 5 cm on the ship.
A ship can have up to three reinforcement belts, and the maximum width of each reinforcement belt is 7 cm. During the competition, various electronic or electric instruments, including water pumps, speedometers, fatigue meters, heart rate meters, etc. , are not allowed to board. Paddling is a tool for rowers to paddle their rowboats forward. Paddling is a kind of paddle with blades. The paddle specifications of single rowing, double rowing and four rowing are slightly different.
Paddling usually uses wood or FRP, but now carbon fiber is used. The carbon fiber structure makes the paddle stronger, more durable, lighter and easier to maintain. The cross section of the paddle is usually circular, which makes the paddle have better directionality, which is beneficial to exerting force and also makes the paddle have greater bending resistance.
Rowing paddles are different from kayaking, and the paddles are symmetrical along the center line. Asymmetric blades will produce unbalanced surfaces, which will produce torque under the action of power. The paddle surface of rowing has many functions such as propulsion, steering and controlling the stability of the ship.
Canoe slalom equipment;
There are three kinds of slalom equipment with different specifications and sizes. Single kayak is at least 3.5 meters long and 0.6 meters wide; A single rowing boat is at least 3.5 meters long and 0.65 meters wide; Rowing for two is at least 4. 1m long and 0.75m wide.
The lightest weight of the boat (based on the weight when the boat is dry): 9 kg for a single kayak; Single rowing boat10 kg; All types of double rowing boats are 15 kg. The decoration on the ship is an accessory, not a part of the ship. The minimum radius of the bow and stern of a rowing boat is 2cm horizontally and 1 cm vertically. Rudder is not allowed on board.
Canoeing is a boat with a hatch cover. Athletes sit in the cabin and paddle with Shuang Ye paddles. A rowing boat is not a boat with a hatch cover. The athletes knelt in the cabin and paddled with a single paddle.
Who can read the knowledge of kayaking?
1. What are the sports precautions?
2. Matters needing attention and common sense of sports in sports meeting.
3. What are the precautions after exercise?
4. Precautions for daily exercise and health care
5. Precautions in sports