(2) Pay attention to diet and be regular, temperate and limited. Chinese medicine believes that people who eat spicy and stimulating food can help the fire to disperse gas; Those who are too sweet will help damp and produce phlegm, which will lead to dysfunction of zang-fu organs and induce cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, we should pay attention to the diet, do it regularly and quantitatively, don't eat too saturated and salty, eat less spicy and irritating foods such as fat meat, peppers, raw onions and garlic, and eat more fresh fruits and vegetables.
(3) Life has a rhythm, and work and rest should be moderate, because overwork hurts the gas, and excessive escape leads to fat and dirty, which is easy to suffer from cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, after entering the middle-aged and elderly people, we should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, and we can participate in some sports activities appropriately to enhance our physique and disease resistance. As the saying goes in the court motto: "Every man takes labor as a blessing, and fleeing is a curse." "Eat less and drink less, and live cautiously is indeed a good cure."
(4) Pay attention to controlling sexual life and protecting kidney essence. Excessive sexual intercourse will lead to kidney water deficiency, liver wood malnutrition, hyperactivity of liver yang, liver wind moving internally and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, we should pay attention to controlling sexual life and protecting kidney essence.
(5) Keep the stool unobstructed. Constipation and excessive defecation can make blood pressure suddenly rise and cause cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, middle-aged and elderly people with hypertension or foreboding of cerebrovascular disease should keep their stools unobstructed to prevent constipation.
If you understand and master the related factors of cerebrovascular disease, you will realize that cerebrovascular disease is not inevitable. Although heredity is an important factor in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease, it does not mean that the descendants of people with family genetic history will definitely get sick, but the risk rate has increased, and this genetic factor can be changed through hard work. There are many links in the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases, including primary and secondary factors, single and comprehensive factors, indirect and direct effects, and so on. Despite the rapid development of medical science, a lot of progress has been made in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, but most of them are measures after the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases. As for how to actively prevent cerebrovascular diseases before they occur, people still attach importance to them. Many patients with cerebrovascular diseases know nothing about prevention. Some people know this, but they never take preventive measures. More people depend on drugs. How to strengthen self-protection, try to correct the risk factors of cerebrovascular disease, avoid inducing factors, recognize the precursors of cerebrovascular disease, and adopt self-care methods. All of them belong to "primary prevention" measures and have begun to attract the attention of the medical community. For example, a young hypertensive patient should pay attention to and take preventive measures including life, diet and exercise from the early stage; For middle-aged and elderly people suffering from diseases such as hypertension or arteriosclerosis, it is still of positive significance to take their own preventive and health care measures. In addition to genetic factors, there is also an important factor in the onset and occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, which is environmental factors. The control of the external environment depends on people's subjective efforts. For example, emotional control, lifestyle, reasonable diet and physical exercise, avoiding obesity, reducing salt, not smoking, drinking less, not being too tired, etc. Depend on your own mastery and arrangement. Medical guidance and medical security are important, but the realization of many effective measures belongs to personal efforts. Simply relying on drugs without mobilizing the positive factors of the human body will make health in a passive state. Among the middle-aged and elderly people who are prone to cerebrovascular diseases, if we can strengthen self-care and attach importance to various preventive measures, then the key to preventing cerebrovascular diseases must be in our own hands.
To prevent the recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, we should pay attention to the following points:
(1) Be alert to the early symptoms of recurrence. After the symptoms of cerebrovascular disease are relieved, if there are symptoms such as headache, dizziness, slurred speech, ineffective fingers and numbness of half limbs. Most of them are recurrent, so we should go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time.
(2) Eliminate the internal pathological factors of recurrence. The recurrence of cerebrovascular disease, like the first attack, is affected by many factors, such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and so on. , should be actively treated. Especially hypertension, regardless of discomfort, we should adhere to long-term regular treatment and control blood pressure within the normal range. Secondly, we should try our best to avoid all aggravating factors for arteriosclerosis.
(3) The inducing factors to avoid recurrence, such as emotional excitement, overwork, climate change, tobacco and alcohol stimulation, are the external factors that induce cerebrovascular diseases, and should be avoided. Keep an optimistic mood and a good mental state. Don't overwork yourself. We should also pay attention to the influence of objective environment such as climate change.
(4) Establish reasonable eating habits, pay attention to the nutritional structure of the diet, and arrange the diet scientifically and reasonably. Eat properly and don't be over-saturated and hungry. Get rid of bad hobbies such as alcohol and tobacco.
(5) Insist on taking medicine and strengthen physical exercise. During the recovery period of cerebrovascular disease, a small amount of antiplatelet aggregation drugs and Chinese and western medicines for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis can be taken under the guidance of a doctor. Such as dipyridamole, enteric-coated aspirin, compound Danshen, Naoyizine, etc. In order to reduce platelet aggregation, improve normal blood flow, and combine their own conditions to carry out appropriate physical exercise, enhance physical fitness and improve disease resistance.
Cerebrovascular diseases are more common in people with hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis, especially when they are overtired and have violent mood swings. Therefore, effective treatment and control of hypertension and avoidance of mental stress and fatigue are the main links to prevent cerebrovascular diseases. However, climate change is also a factor that can not be ignored in inducing cerebrovascular diseases. According to the survey, about half of the patients occurred in late autumn and early winter when the climate changed suddenly. This is because: (1) low temperature can reduce the elasticity of blood vessels on the body surface, increase the peripheral resistance, and increase blood pressure, thus leading to cerebral vascular rupture and bleeding. (2) Cold stimulation can also excite sympathetic nerve and increase the secretion of adrenocortical hormone, thus making arterioles spasm and contract, increasing peripheral resistance and raising blood pressure. (3) Cold can also increase the content and concentration of fibrinogen in blood and promote the formation of emboli in blood.
Hypertension mostly progresses slowly, and the damage to heart, brain, kidney and blood vessels is "step by step", and its risk degree increases in direct proportion to the level of hypertension. According to the observation of the natural history of primary hypertension by Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, the average course of disease from the discovery of hypertension to cerebrovascular disease is about 65438 05 years, but it is also found that many hypertensive patients still die of hypertension complicated with cerebrovascular disease, although the course of disease has reached 20 to 30 years or more. This is the result of long-term prevention and treatment, so for the vast majority of patients with hypertension, we must persist in long-term treatment and control of hypertension, and occasional treatment will make blood pressure fluctuate repeatedly and aggravate the damage to cerebrovascular. Some people don't take serious treatment because of fewer symptoms. For these patients, the disease changes will develop quietly and escalate gradually, leading to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Some people abroad choose patients with high blood loss whose diastolic pressure is greater than 105mmHg. They were divided into two groups, one group was treated with antihypertensive therapy, and the other group was not treated with drugs. After three years of follow-up, only one person in the treatment group had cerebrovascular disease, while the untreated group had 65438. It was also found that the incidence of cerebrovascular disease in untreated group was 4 times higher than that in treated group. Therefore, for patients who have been diagnosed with hypertension, it should be recognized that the treatment will be long-term or even lifelong. So, how to carry out long-term treatment? Treatment includes drug and non-drug methods. Drugs mainly refer to various antihypertensive drugs. Non-drug treatment includes: low-salt diet, obesity control, weight loss, smoking cessation, drinking less, avoiding excitement and so on. Physical therapy (such as Qigong and Tai Ji Chuan). ) and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment. , is the ideal method.
Under what circumstances do antihypertensive drugs need treatment? In general, the diastolic pressure is 12.
When the pressure is higher than 0kPa(90mmHg), start taking medicine. It should be understood that the treatment of hypertension is only to achieve control, not cure. It is wrong to think that the disease is cured when the blood pressure measurement drops to normal. It is best to take medicine under the guidance of a doctor for long-term treatment, and it is better to use small doses of various drugs in combination. If one drug is ineffective, another drug should be replaced, and the treatment method can be gradually upgraded until the blood pressure is controlled at or near normal. Commonly used drugs have mild effects and little side effects, such as thiazide diuretics or β -adrenergic receptor blockers (such as propranolol), which are upgraded to diuretics and β -adrenergic receptor blockers, or vasodilators such as nifedipine and hydralazine. Some compound antihypertensive drugs, such as compound antihypertensive gas, Zhenju antihypertensive tablets, compound apocynum venetum tablets, etc. It has mild antihypertensive effect and less side effects, and is more suitable for patients with stage I or II hypertension. When the blood pressure has been basically controlled after antihypertensive treatment, the maintenance dose should be used to consolidate the curative effect, and the dosage and frequency of medication should be appropriately adjusted according to the blood pressure level. If you use two drugs, it will be reduced to one. 1 day 3 times changed to 1 day 2 times. But don't stop taking the medicine, just stop taking it, instead, it will make blood pressure fluctuate and even rebound, which will affect cerebral blood flow. When blood pressure rises, or when the climate turns cold and blood vessels contract, the drug dosage can be appropriately increased. When blood pressure is normal or the weather turns hot and blood vessels dilate, the dosage of drugs can be appropriately reduced, and some people take drugs every other day to consolidate the curative effect. For elderly patients with hypertension, because they are often complicated with vascular sclerosis and are sensitive to drugs, they should be more cautious when using antihypertensive drugs, and the dosage should not be too large, otherwise the rapid drop of blood pressure may cause postural hypotension, affect cerebral blood flow and have the risk of ischemic stroke.
In order to reduce the risk of cerebrovascular diseases caused by hypertension, long-term control of hypertension will bring many benefits to patients and is also an effective measure to prevent cerebrovascular diseases, but it is not easy to insist on medication for a long time. According to rough statistics, only about 25% of hypertensive patients can adhere to long-term treatment drugs, and only after treatment, but the control is not thorough and the treatment is not ideal, accounting for about 25%. Therefore, in addition to the patient's insistence, it is also important for doctors to effectively control hypertension. In short, it is not wrong to change the incorrect view. Although blood pressure is high, it is not wrong to give up treatment without knowing the symptoms, but to face scientific long-term treatment.