With the development of the times and the progress of society, more and more elderly people's understanding and pursuit of happiness in their later years have not only stayed in material life such as food, clothing, housing and transportation, but also need physical and mental health, improve the quality of life, enhance vitality, prolong life, and then improve the happiness index. The following is what I arranged for you for your reference.

Wen Yi: 1. Research objects and methods

research objects

Samples of the elderly were randomly selected in Jingmen city. There were 240 people in this survey, and 22/kloc-0 valid questionnaires were collected. According to the basic situation of the investigation projects include:

1 place of residence: urban 150 people, rural 7 1 person; Gender: female 1 15, male 106.

Marriage: 148 spouse, 73 widowed.

Do you live with your children? There are11people, but there are no11people.

4 Age: 57 people under 64 years old, 73 people from 65 to 69 years old, 68 people from 70 to 79 years old, and 23 people over 80 years old.

Education: No 47 students, 83 in primary school, 53 in junior high school, 8 in senior high school/kloc-0, 9 in junior college, bachelor degree or above 1 1 person. Among them, in the case of marital status, there are two items: unmarried and divorced. Because these two items account for a small proportion in the survey, only two items are kept: married and widowed.

Second, research methods.

1. survey tool: the questionnaire consists of two parts.

1 Use a set of basic information questionnaires, including 10 small questions about age, marriage, education, occupation, hobbies, etc.

2SCL-90 questionnaire. Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) is one of the most famous mental health test scales in the world, and it is the most widely used mental disorder and mental illness outpatient examination scale at present. Testers can know their mental health from ten aspects [1]. This test is applicable to individuals over 16 years old. Test purpose: The purpose of this test is to evaluate whether a person has some psychological symptoms and their severity from the perspectives of feeling, emotion, thinking, consciousness, behavior, living habits, interpersonal relationship, diet and sleep. Evaluation of test results: the scale includes 90 items, ***9 sub-scales, including somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia and psychosis, and additional items are treated as the 10 factor. Scoring method: divided into 5 grades: 0 ~ 4, 0= never, 1= mild, 2= moderate, 3= quite heavy, 4= serious.

2. The survey method provides unified training for the undergraduates of Jingchu Institute of Technology who participated in the public elective course of Geriatrics Psychology. From March to May, 20 13, one-on-one survey guidance was conducted for the respondents in Jingmen City, and the questionnaire was collected on the spot. For those with low education level, the investigators asked the answers on the spot and recorded them. 240 questionnaires were distributed and 240 were recovered. After sorting out the questionnaires with missing information, 22/kloc-0 questionnaires were obtained, and the effective recovery rate was 92. 1%.

3. The statistical method uses Excel software to establish a database, and the data input and correction use dual input methods. SPSS 10.0 software was used for statistical description and variance analysis. P & lt0.05, the difference between the control groups was significant; When p< is 0.0 1, the difference between the control groups is very significant [2].

Second, the result

Total score and factor analysis

According to the results of national norm [3], if the total score exceeds 70 points, or any factor exceeds 1 point, we can consider screening positive, indicating that there is a problem and further examination is needed. In this survey, the average total score of 22 1 elderly people in Jingmen city reached 94 points, exceeding 70 points. Among all the factors, the average score of 5 factors is greater than 1, which is positive. They are: somatization, compulsion, depression, anxiety, others and interpersonal relationship. The average score of this factor also reached 0.96, close to 1. Judging from the total score and positive factor score, there are problems in the mental health of the elderly in Jingmen city. Compared with the elderly in the whole country, Jingmen elderly people generally have physical diseases, some compulsive thinking or behavior at the psychological level, accompanied by depression, anxiety and other emotions, accompanied by sleep, diet and other troubles, and the troubles brought by interpersonal communication are also obvious.

Statistical analysis of influencing factors of psychological symptoms of the elderly

1. Gender, marital status and living with children have no significant influence on the mental health of the elderly. In the statistical analysis of the differences, gender, marital status and living with children have no significant impact on the mental health of the elderly, and these factors have no significant impact on the mental health of the elderly.

2. Four factors, such as residence, education, age and interest, have a significant impact on the mental health of the elderly. In the statistical analysis of the differences, the four factors of residence, education, age and interest range have very significant differences on mental health, which are highly related to the factors of somatization, depression, paranoia, terror and hostility of the elderly.

Comparison of mental health status of the elderly in different regions. The variance analysis of mental health factors of the elderly 10 shows that the elderly living in urban and rural areas have reached a very significant level of difference in somatization and depression, f somatization = 10.032, P = 0.002f depression =7.503, P=0.007, p.

2. Comparison of mental health status of the elderly with different educational background. The analysis of variance of mental health factors of the elderly 10 shows that there are significant differences in paranoid scores of the elderly with different academic qualifications. F paranoia =2.548, P=0.029, P.

3 Comparison of mental health status of the elderly in different age groups. The variance analysis of elderly people 10 mental health factors shows that there are significant differences in the scores of depression, phobia and paranoia among elderly people of different ages; F depression =3.500, p = 0.016; F terror =3.837, p = 0.010; F paranoia =2.9 10, P=0.035, p.

Three. discuss

The average score of Jingmen elderly scale is 94, which is 24 points higher than the national norm, indicating that there are problems in the health of the elderly in Jingmen city. The main problems are: in old age, many physical functions will obviously decline, and the decline of physical functions will make the elderly more susceptible to various diseases, and their thinking and actions will be obviously worse than those in youth. At this time, they are more likely to feel useless and powerless about many things, forming a state of depression; The probability of serious life events in old age is higher than that in other age stages, and the elderly will have anxiety because of fear of illness and death. The reduction of income after retirement and the realization of economic distress will also cause anxiety among the elderly. Serious anxiety will affect people's normal sleep and diet, and then damage the physical and mental health of the elderly.

The influence of different regions on the psychological status of the elderly

It is found that there are differences in the psychological status of the elderly in different places of residence. The psychological status of the urban elderly in somatization, depression and paranoia is better than that of the rural elderly, which is related to the following aspects:

1 is related to medical level and health care mechanism. The medical service and health care mechanism in the city are relatively sound, the medical level is relatively high, it is convenient to see a doctor and the diagnosis rate is high. The elderly are generally aware of their physical condition, and the resulting diseases are much less troublesome than in rural areas. However, the rural medical and health care mechanism is not perfect, which will easily lead to the physical diseases of the rural elderly not being effectively treated, thus increasing the psychological burden of the elderly.

Related to material life and spiritual life. Urban elderly people have rich lives in these two aspects, and most of them have stable income. Community activities and universities for the elderly in urban areas provide many colorful activities for the elderly, communicate more with the outside world and people, receive more information and have a higher living standard. The material life and spiritual life of the rural elderly are obviously low, and they are prone to depression and paranoia.

Second, the impact of education on the mental state of the elderly

It is found that there are obvious differences in the influence of education level on paranoid psychological factors of the elderly. The academic qualifications listed by the author are divided into six States: none, primary school, junior high school, senior high school, junior college, undergraduate and above. Generally speaking, the paranoid factors in the psychological state are getting lower and lower with the increase of educational background. The older people with higher education tend to look at problems and do things comprehensively and comprehensively, and their mental health level is relatively high. The lower the educational background, the more paranoid the elderly are, which is related to the following reasons:

1 A low level of education means a low level of education, which is not conducive to the prevention of diseases and the promotion of health, and physical diseases will further induce psychological troubles.

The education level restricts the economic level to a certain extent, directly affects the economic independence of the elderly, and then tends to produce one-sided judgment thinking.

Education level directly affects people's ability to obtain information resources. Rural elderly people have few ways to obtain resources, and the way to solve problems is single, so they are prone to paranoia in the face of problems.

The influence of three ages on the psychological status of the elderly

It is found that age is an important factor affecting the psychological status of the elderly. With the increase of age, the three psychological characteristics of depression, fear and paranoia have changed obviously, and they are basically on the rise. The old people who have just entered the old age have obviously increased the above-mentioned negative psychology, and their psychological activities have some fluctuations, which increase with age. Except for the obvious downward trend of fear after 79 years old, the fluctuation trend tends to be flat. This may be related to the fact that the elderly gradually adapt to the role and environment, and their requirements for life are reduced to the status quo. The physical function of the elderly declines, the number and types of diseases increase, the ability to participate in social activities declines, and the opportunities for contact with society are reduced, so that the elderly begin to quit their roles or lose their roles. These factors easily lead to psychological changes such as depression, fear and paranoia, and make the elderly have certain mental health problems. In addition, with the growth of the elderly, their economic situation, social support and medical care after illness are declining, which is also an important factor in the psychological changes of the elderly. The research on the influence of four kinds of interests on the mental state of the elderly also found that the breadth of interests is significantly different in the hostility of the elderly. The wider the interests, the less hostile the feelings. In old age, the social role of the elderly has changed, the main role has become a dependent role, and the work role has become a family role. The focus is no longer on work, and it is easy to produce a sense of recession. At this time, most old people who can adapt to this role change have a wide range of interests. Regular participation in interest-related activities can continuously make the elderly feel a sense of accomplishment and have a relatively peaceful emotional state. Some old people have completely returned to their families. Although they have no specific hobbies, most of them help their children do housework, devote themselves to their families and take care of their children and grandchildren, which can also help some elderly people adapt to the role change in their later years. This traditional lifestyle of the elderly in China can explain why the hostility of the elderly who have no interest is lower than that of the elderly who have only one interest. There are still many elderly people, whose children are not around, have little interest, and have no corresponding connection in the transformation of social roles, which is prone to the phenomenon of not adapting to the life of the elderly, which in turn leads to hostility and affects mental health. This requires the elderly to participate in group activities, make more friends, stimulate hobbies and avoid negative psychology.

Four. conclusion and suggestion

There are some psychological problems among the elderly in Jingmen city. The mental health level of the urban elderly is higher than that of the rural elderly, and the education level of the elderly is also the main factor affecting their mental health. With the growth of age, the mental health level of the elderly is getting lower and lower, and at the same time, the number of interests has become the standard to measure their mental health. The wider the interest, the better the mental health. The conclusion of the previous study provides a basis for effectively solving the mental health problems of the elderly. Work should be carried out from the following aspects: First, strengthen management, attach importance to the mental health of the elderly, strengthen services for the elderly, and strive to create a good living environment for the elderly. While making full use of the municipal financial construction funds, special preferential or even free policies such as psychological crisis intervention for the elderly and the community and psychological assistance for the elderly in rural areas have been introduced. Strengthen the training of community psychological counselors and other elderly workers, imitate the model that every school in colleges, middle schools and primary schools has a full-time mental health teacher, and allocate a corresponding number of psychological counselors in the community according to a certain proportion, and train them in a unified way to ensure professional standards and thus ensure service quality. Secondly, relying on the community or service stations for the elderly, we provide various forms of mental health services for the elderly: lectures focusing on education, group counseling focusing on solving sexual problems, and individual counseling focusing on solving specific problems. We can also develop more psychological hotlines for the elderly and establish psychological crisis intervention centers and emotional care centers. Third, strengthen mental health education, establish a correct concept of mental health of the elderly, from society to family, from children to themselves, so that the mental health of the elderly becomes the norm. Cultivate a positive and optimistic attitude, improve the ability of active adaptation and learn to ask for help. Not only pursue "healthy aging", but also pursue "active aging". Fourth, enrich the cultural activities of the elderly in communities and rural areas to meet their high-level needs. In the community and service stations for the elderly, training courses such as calligraphy, painting and music are offered to enrich the interest of the elderly; Organize the elderly to learn health knowledge and aging knowledge; Let some high-quality elderly people participate in the moral education of young people in the community, and really play the role of the community in the process of interacting with the next generation to meet the needs of the elderly, such as learning, teaching and doing something. A society that knows how to provide spiritual support for the elderly is the key to improve their quality of life. 2 1 century is the century of the elderly, and their health, especially their mental health, is related to social stability. Strengthen mental health work, improve the mental health level of the elderly, and realize healthy aging.

Fan: Research object and method of China 1

1. 1 research object

Using the method of multi-stage, stratified and PPS sampling, Shandong Province is divided into three regions according to the level of economic development, and 3 prefecture-level cities and 6 prefecture-level cities are randomly selected from each layer, from1October 20 14 to 15 to February 2065438+20. * * * Questionnaires 1564 were distributed, and questionnaires 1564 were recovered. The questionnaire recovery rate was 100%, of which 1524 were valid, with an effective rate of 97.4%.

1.2 research methods

On the basis of consulting a large number of documents and related scales, a questionnaire on the living conditions of the elderly in Fujian Province is designed, which includes four parts:

Basic information of 1, including gender, age, education level, marital status, economic status, past occupation, way of providing for the aged, etc.

2. Health status, including self-assessment of health, chronic diseases, cognitive ability, daily activities and mental health status, with five dimensions and 30 items.

3 medical conditions.

4. Problems related to the elderly staying in the old-age care institutions. The content of the questionnaire was reviewed by relevant experts and revised after the pre-investigation. Specially trained investigators go to households or pension institutions to conduct face-to-face surveys with the respondents, and the elderly fill in interview forms to ensure the reliability and authenticity of the survey results.

1.3 data sorting and analysis methods

Using Epidata3.0 for dual-computer data entry. SPSS20.0 software was used for data sorting and statistical analysis, descriptive analysis was made on mental health status, and T-test, T' test, F-test and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted on factors affecting mental health of the elderly.

Two results

2. 1 Investigate the basic situation of the elderly

A total of 1524 people were investigated in this study, of which 53% were males and 47% were females. The oldest is 97 years old and the youngest is 60 years old, with an average age of 73.39 7.49 years old. There is no significant difference in the proportion of spouses in marital status, with spouses accounting for 47.8% and those without spouses accounting for 52.2%; The education level is mainly uneducated and primary school, accounting for 7%, and the education above senior high school only accounts for 7.8%; Most of them live in rural areas, accounting for 70.9%; Most families' economic situation is above average; Farmers account for a large proportion of occupations, accounting for 67.5%.

2.2 elderly mental health rating questionnaire

The mental health status of middle-aged and elderly people involves ten problems, such as depression, poor sleep and loneliness. Gifts less than 1 are divided into 4, 1-2, 3-4 into 2, and those greater than 4 into 1. The total score of mental health of the elderly is obtained by adding up ten questions, with a full score of 40 and a minimum score of 10. The higher the score. Score 10- 19, poor mental health, 20-29 average mental health, 30-40 good mental health. The highest score of mental health of the elderly in Shandong Province is 38, and the lowest score is 12, with an average of 28.3 1 and a standard deviation of 4.54. 55.3% of the elderly scored between 20 and 29. The mental health of the elderly in Shandong Province is generally at a general level.

2.3 Analysis of the influencing factors of mental health of the elderly

2.3. 1 Influence of single factor analysis on mental health of the elderly

Taking the way of providing for the aged, gender, age, education level, economic status, marital status, occupation, residence, life satisfaction and the number of chronic diseases as independent variables, the results of univariate analysis with the mental health scores of the elderly show that the mental health scores of the elderly with different gender, age, education level, economic status, marital status, occupation, residence, life satisfaction, the number of chronic diseases, the way of providing for the aged and self-rated health are different. 0.05。

2.3.2 Multiple linear regression analysis of mental health of the elderly

Taking the mental health of the elderly as the dependent variable, and taking the way of providing for the aged, gender, age, education level, residence, spouse, occupation, self-evaluation of health, life satisfaction and the number of chronic diseases as the independent variables, a multiple linear regression model was fitted. All variables are included in the form of dummy variables, with the selection criterion of 0.05 and the exclusion criterion of 0. 1. The variables that finally enter the model are age, gender, spouse, self-evaluation of health, life satisfaction and the number of chronic diseases. As shown in Table 3, only the independent variables with statistical significance are listed, and the regression model is statistically tested, F= 19.034, P < 0.0 1, which shows that the model has statistical significance. The results show that age, sex, spouse, self-evaluation of health, life satisfaction and the number of chronic diseases are the main factors affecting the mental health of the elderly in Shandong Province. The mental health score of male elderly people is higher than that of female elderly people; The mental health scores of elderly people with spouses are higher than those without spouses; The younger the age, the fewer kinds of chronic diseases, the better the self-evaluation of health, the higher the life satisfaction and the higher the mental health score of the elderly.

3 discussion

A large number of studies show that the mental health status of the elderly in China is influenced by many factors, such as age, gender, education level, physical health level and social support level. This is similar to the results of this study. From the results, we can see that the mental health level of the elderly in Shandong Province is generally at a medium level, which is consistent with the overall mental health level of the elderly in China. With the growth of age, the mental health of the elderly is getting worse and worse. The reason may be that the social role of the elderly is lost and social interaction is reduced, which is easy to cause psychological and emotional changes. At the same time, the cognitive function, intelligence and memory ability of the elderly are reduced, which will produce negative emotions such as loss and sadness. The mental health status of male elderly people is better than that of women, which may be related to the personality characteristics between men and women. Women belong to social vulnerable groups and have fragile personality characteristics. Secondly, women generally live longer than men and have more opportunities to suffer from various chronic diseases and injuries; In addition, the widowed rate of women is relatively high, which is the reason for the gender difference in psychological state. Whether there is a spouse has an important influence on the mental health of the elderly. In this survey, the proportion of elderly people without spouses is as high as 52.2%, and the mental health status of elderly people without spouses is obviously lower than that of elderly people with spouses, which is consistent with the relevant research results at home and abroad. Usually, the spouse is an important source of psychological support and support for the elderly. Losing a spouse will have a great mental impact on the elderly and bring psychological problems to varying degrees. The better the life satisfaction and self-evaluation of health, the higher the mental health score of the elderly. Life satisfaction reflects subjective well-being, and health self-evaluation is subjective perception of one's own health level, both of which are related to one's subjective feelings. The higher the subjective evaluation, the more positive the emotion of the receiver and the better the mental health. Suffering from chronic diseases affects the mental health of the elderly. With the increase of the number of chronic diseases, the mental health scores of the elderly are getting lower and lower. Previous studies have shown that physical diseases directly affect the physiological function and psychological state of the elderly. Diseases not only bring physical pain to the elderly, but also have adverse effects on their spirit and emotions. In this study, the scores of mental health of the elderly in Shandong province are different in terms of pension mode, economic status, occupation, residence and education level, but pension mode, economic status, occupation, residence and education level are not the influencing factors of mental health of the elderly in Shandong province, which is inconsistent with the conclusions of related studies, probably because the development of pension institutions in Shandong province is gradually improving; Moreover, with the acceleration of the aging process of the population, more and more elderly people begin to choose institutions to support the elderly, and it is not completely forced to live in institutions to support the elderly, which will not produce too many negative emotions; At the same time, due to the differences of economic culture and regional background, the influencing factors of mental health of the elderly will be different. In this study, the influencing factors considered are limited. In addition to the basic demographic characteristics and physical health status, social support, lifestyle and physical exercise of the elderly will also affect the mental health level of the elderly to a certain extent, so it is necessary to further study and improve the conclusion in the future. 2 1 Before the middle of the century, the aging population and related old-age security will be an unavoidable and important issue in China. Paying active attention to the mental health of the elderly in China is an important aspect of promoting healthy aging and realizing healthy and sustainable development.

4 conclusion

Therefore, we should actively guide the elderly to participate in various cultural and sports activities and promote them to adjust the negative emotions caused by widowhood or illness; Improve the living conditions and quality of life of the elderly and improve their life satisfaction; Strengthen health education for the elderly, attach importance to health care for the elderly, and promote their physical and mental health and longevity.